Quality Control Assessment of Dhatryadi Ghrita with HPTLC Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Rashmi Saxena Pal ◽  
Amrita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hptlc Method

Background: Standardization of herbal formulation is mandatory for the quality check of drugs for assurance of their therapeutic value. According to the World Health Organization reports, about 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine. Dhatryadi Ghrita, a polyherbal preparation containing eleven ingredients, has a sweet taste, cold potency and sweet post-digestive effects. Objective: In this research article, quality control for ghrita has been assessed for some of the ingredients of Dhatryadi Ghrita. Materials & Methods: Quality control assessment was done with the aid of the HPTLC method. Precoated silica gel GF 254 was used as the stationary phase and the developed method used benzene:ethyl alcohol (9:1v/v). Scanning and quantification of the plates were performed at 254 nm and 366 nm. Result: The study confirms the presence of different constituents of Ghrita. Conclusion: routine analysis of Ghrita was facilitated with simple, accurate and cost-effective HPTLC method. Data has been provided to demonstrate the present and future applicability of the methods of quality control assessment of Dhatryadi Ghrita.

scholarly journals Improving the Role and Contribution of Pharmacokinetic Analyses in Antimalarial Drug Clinical Trials

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 5643-5649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kay ◽  
Eva Maria Hodel ◽  
Ian M. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Designs

ABSTRACTIt is now World Health Organization (WHO) policy that drug concentrations on day 7 be measured as part of routine assessment in antimalarial drug efficacy trials. The rationale is that this single pharmacological measure serves as a simple and practical predictor of treatment outcome for antimalarial drugs with long half-lives. Herein we review theoretical data and field studies and conclude that the day 7 drug concentration (d7c) actually appears to be a poor predictor of therapeutic outcome. This poor predictive capability combined with the fact that many routine antimalarial trials will have few or no failures means that there appears to be little justification for this WHO recommendation. Pharmacological studies have a huge potential to improve antimalarial dosing, and we propose study designs that use more-focused, sophisticated, and cost-effective ways of generating these data than the mass collection of single d7c concentrations.

scholarly journals An IoT Architecture for Assessing Road Safety in Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd-Elhamid M. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The Safe System (SS) approach to road safety emphasizes safety-by-design through ensuring safe vehicles, road networks, and road users. With a strong motivation from the World Health Organization (WHO), this approach is increasingly adopted worldwide. Considerations in SS, however, are made for the medium-to-long term. Our interest in this work is to complement the approach with a short-to-medium term dynamic assessment of road safety. Toward this end, we introduce a novel, cost-effective Internet of Things (IoT) architecture that facilitates the realization of a robust and dynamic computational core in assessing the safety of a road network and its elements. In doing so, we introduce a new, meaningful, and scalable metric for assessing road safety. We also showcase the use of machine learning in the design of the metric computation core through a novel application of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Finally, the impact of the proposed architecture is demonstrated through an application to safety-based route planning.

scholarly journals Motion – Screening and Surveillance of Barrett’s Epithelium Is Practical and Cost Effective: Arguments against the Motion

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Endoscopic Screening ◽  
Effective Screening ◽  
Screening And Surveillance ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Prolongation Of Life ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Very High

The issue of whether to screen individuals for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) to prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is highly controversial. Important considerations are that BE is not highly prevalent in the general population and that not many patients with BE develop or die from EAC. Studies that suggest an improved prognosis from surveillance programs are susceptible to lead-time bias. Most of the principles for effective screening, as outlined by the World Health Organization, are not met by endoscopic screening and surveillance protocols. The diagnosis of BE (and dysplasia) is often unclear. Most patients with BE are not identified by screening, and few deaths would be prevented by surveillance. A decision analysis found that the most cost effective screening protocol would be every five years, but the costs associated with prolongation of life are very high, even if a group at high risk for EAC could be identified.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND YOGA ON BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premalatha P ◽  
Kanniammal C ◽  
Valli G ◽  
Jaydeep Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Childhood Hypertension ◽  
And Control

Objective: The principal aim of the study is to identify the effect of physical exercise and yoga on blood pressure (BP) among children, a common cardiovascular risk factor among children in recent years. Methods: A true experimental design was adopted to find the effect of physical exercise and yoga on selected children with increased BP and weight. The weight was inferred based on the World Health Organization (WHO) chart on body mass index for age. BP and height were measured and interpreted using the WHO height percentile chart for boys/girls and BP references of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, to identify hypertensive children. Hypertensive children were given physical exercise and yoga, 5 days a week, for 6 months and control group led a normal lives. Results: In the pretest, 100% of the study and control group were prehypertensive. After 3 months of physical exercise and yoga, 21% of study group became normotensive which was significant at p=0.000 and it increased to 93% after 6 months with the significance of p=0.000. The weight and systolic BP (SBP) had a significant positive correlation. The age (p=0.001), number of family members, type of family (p=0.01), mother’s occupation, family history of obesity, and chronic illness among fathers (p=0.05) had a significant association with SBP of the children. Conclusion: The study concluded that physical exercise and yoga reduced childhood hypertension as well as is a cost effective and easily practicable intervention for children to minimize cardiovascular risk during their adulthood.

Essential medicines for palliative care

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana De Lima ◽  
Lukas Radbruch ◽  
Eduardo Bruera
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
International Association ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care

The essential medicines concept developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), states that there is a list of minimum medicines for a basic health-care system, including the most efficacious, safe, and cost-effective ones for priority conditions. According to the WHO, essential medicines are those that satisfy the primary health-care needs of the population. Thus, they should always be available, affordable, and cost-effective. However, the vast majority of the global population does not have access to essential medicines. Many organizations have called on governments to adopt policies to improve availability of these essential medicines and developed programmes and projects to increase awareness and knowledge. This chapter describes two such projects developed by the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care (IAHPC), based on the essential medicines concept to improve access to medicines and appropriate palliative care: the IAHPC List of Essential Medicines in Palliative Care and the Opioid Essential Prescription Package.

scholarly journals A Review on a Deep Learning Perspective in Brain Cancer Classification

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal S. Tandel ◽  
Mainak Biswas ◽  
Omprakash G. Kakde ◽  
Ashish Tiwari ◽  
Harman S. Suri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Health Organization

A World Health Organization (WHO) Feb 2018 report has recently shown that mortality rate due to brain or central nervous system (CNS) cancer is the highest in the Asian continent. It is of critical importance that cancer be detected earlier so that many of these lives can be saved. Cancer grading is an important aspect for targeted therapy. As cancer diagnosis is highly invasive, time consuming and expensive, there is an immediate requirement to develop a non-invasive, cost-effective and efficient tools for brain cancer characterization and grade estimation. Brain scans using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), as well as other imaging modalities, are fast and safer methods for tumor detection. In this paper, we tried to summarize the pathophysiology of brain cancer, imaging modalities of brain cancer and automatic computer assisted methods for brain cancer characterization in a machine and deep learning paradigm. Another objective of this paper is to find the current issues in existing engineering methods and also project a future paradigm. Further, we have highlighted the relationship between brain cancer and other brain disorders like stroke, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Wilson’s disease, leukoriaosis, and other neurological disorders in the context of machine learning and the deep learning paradigm.

scholarly journals Policy Innovation and Policy Pathways: Tuberculosis Control in Sri Lanka, 1948–1990

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-533
Author(s):  
Margaret Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Organization Model ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Bacteriological Test ◽  
Health Organization

This paper, based on World Health Organization and Sri Lankan sources, examines the attempts to control tuberculosis in Sri Lanka from independence in 1948. It focuses particularly on the attempt in 1966 to implement a World Health Organization model of community-orientated tuberculosis control that sought to establish a horizontally structured programme through the integration of control into the general health services. The objective was to create a cost- effective method of control that relied on a simple bacteriological test for case finding and for treatment at the nearest health facility that would take case detection and treatment to the rural periphery where specialist services were lacking. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Sri Lanka had already established a specialist control programme composed of chest clinics, mass X-ray, inpatient and domiciliary treatment, and social assistance for sufferers. This programme had both reduced mortality and enhanced awareness of the disease. This paper exposes the obstacles presented in trying to impose the World Health Organization’s internationally devised model onto the existing structure of tuberculosis control already operating in Sri Lanka. One significant hindrance to the WHO approach was lack of resources but, equally important, was the existing medical culture that militated against its acceptance.

Fighting the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic with Soap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Nabina Chaudhary ◽  
Manis Dahal ◽  
Biswash Guragain ◽  
Sumie Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Effectiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Unique Chemical

Today, the entire globe is struggling to deal with the greatest pandemic of the century, COVID-19. With no clinically approved treatments available, we are left with no options other than following the preventive measures issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). Among many others, hand washing with soap and water has been emphasized the most because it is cost-effective and easily accessible to the general public. Various studies have reported that soaps offer unique chemical properties that can disinfect the virus as a whole. However, there is still ambiguity in the general public about whether soaps can really shield us from this highly contagious disease. In an attempt to help eliminate the ambiguity, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of soap and its prospect for preventing the spread of COVID-19. In this paper, we have provided an overview of the history and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), the detailed mechanisms of the deactivation of viruses by soaps, and the potential effectiveness of soap in eliminating coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.

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