Antidiabetic Potential of Silver/Chitosan/Ascorbic Acid Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa Ahmed Abu El Qassem Mahmoud ◽  
Ayman S Mohamed ◽  
Sohair R Fahmy ◽  
Amel Mahmoud Soliman ◽  
Khadiga Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Ag Ncs

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common health problem in the world. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exposed great intrinsic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Chitosan is an oligosaccharide biopolymer with a great ability to lower hyperglycemia, and ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin with strong antioxidant activity. Objective: The present study aimed to estimate AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite (Ag-NCs) anti-diabetic properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Method: Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups (6 rats/group); control, diabetic, and Ag-NCs groups. Control group: after a single dose of citrate buffer at PH 4.5 (0.1 mol/L, i.p), the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic model was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p) for type 1 diabetes and the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic group was treated orally with Ag-NCs (0.25 mg/Kg body weight) daily for four weeks. Results: AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite group showed a reduction in the concentrations of glucose, NO, MDA, LDL, and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT. At the same time, it caused a general increase in insulin, albumin, TB, TC, TG, HDL, CAT, SOD, and GSH levels. The histopathological investigation illustrated regeneration of damaged pancreatic beta cells and a clear improvement in the hepatic architecture. Conclusion: The suggested mechanism of action for Ag-NCs in decreasing diabetic complications in the liver involved two pathways; the hypoglycemic activity and the antioxidant role of AgNPs, chitosan, and ascorbic acid.

scholarly journals Silver/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposites ameliorate diabetic nephropathy in the model of type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 091-102
Author(s):  
Esraa Abu El Qassem Mahmoud ◽  
Ayman S Mohamed ◽  
Sohair R Fahmy ◽  
Amel Mahmoud Soliman ◽  
Khadiga Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Type 1Diabetes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Ag Ncs

Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate anti-diabetic properties of AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposites (Ag-NCs) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Main methods: Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups (6 rats/group); control, diabetic and Ag-NCs groups. Control group: after a single dose of citrate buffer (0.1 mol/l, i.p), the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic model was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p) for type 1diabetes. Diabetic groups were treated orally with and Ag-NCs (0.25mg/Kg body weight) daily for four weeks. Key findings: AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite group showed a reduction in the concentrations of glucose, NO, MDA, creatinine, urea and uric acid. At the same time, it appeared a general increase in insulin, CAT, and SOD activities and GSH concentration. The histopathological investigation illustrated a clear improvement in renal architecture. Significance: The suggested mechanism of action for Ag-NCs in decreasing diabetic nephropathy includes two pathways; the hypoglycemic activity and the antioxidant role of Ag-NCs

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of fruit of Coriandrum sativum. Linn methanolic extract in Streptozocin induced diabetic wistar Albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. K. ◽  
Chakrapani Cheekavolu ◽  
Sampath D. ◽  
Sunil M.
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Diabetes prevalence is estimated to increase annually. Numerous people use traditional medicine, such as India also considered as the diabetic capital in the world. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. The present study to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of coriandrum sativum. linn fruits methanolic extract in streptozocin induced diabetic wistar albino rats model.Methods: Diabetes induction in wistar albino rats by administration of streptozocin (50mg/kg, i.p.) in citrate buffer. 30 wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E). Group A: served as normal control, whereas Group B: diabetic control, Group C, D methanolic coriandrum sativum Linn. fruits extract (CSFME) at a dose of 100, 200mg/kg orally, Group E was given standard drug Glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) orally. All groups are administered for the period of 14 consecutive days and blood sugar levels was measured at regular intervals up to end of the study.Results: This present research study confirms that the test drug compound CSFME has sustained oral hypoglycaemic activity and statistically significant (p ≤0.05) and which is comparable with standard drug Glibenclamide.Conclusions: This research study confirms that the CSFME has antidiabetic activity against streptozocin induced wistar diabetic albino rats. It could be a novel antidiabetic agent and also a dietary adjunct in the type 2 diabetes management and its complication. Further studies are necessary required to confirm the antidiabetic activity of individual phytochemical compounds of Coriandrum sativum.

Evaluation of the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid on the parotid glands of albino rats: An in vivo study

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-453
Author(s):  
Salma Awad Taghyan ◽  
Hend El Messiry ◽  
Medhat Ahmed El Zainy
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Ductal Cells

This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the parotid glands (PGs) of albino rats histologically and ultrastructurally and assess the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. Thirty male albino rats weighing between 150 mg and 200 mg were divided into three groups: the control group (C1) contained 10 rats that received 2 mg/kg (body weight (bw)) of aqueous nitrate buffer by intraperitoneal (IP) injection daily for 28 days; the AgNPs group contained 10 rats that received 2 mg/kg (bw) IP AgNPs daily for 28 days; and the AgNPs-vitamin C group contained 10 albino rats that received 2 mg/kg (bw) AgNPs IP daily for 28 days with oral administration of 100 mg/kg (bw) vitamin C in drinking water daily for 28 days. The PG acinar and ductal cells of the AgNPs group showed signs of toxicity and degeneration characterized as pleomorphic nuclei, binucleation, cytoplasmic vacuolations, and stagnated secretion in the ductal lumen. In addition to degenerated mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes were filled with AgNPs ( p < 0.001). The AgNPs-vitamin C group showed significantly less degenerative changes histologically and ultrastructurally compared to the AgNPs group ( p = 0.002). AgNPs produced significant toxic effects on the PG of albino rats, presumably through the generation of reactive oxygen species and toxic ion release, and administration of vitamin C was shown effective in decreasing these toxic effects.

scholarly journals Effect of Sofosbuvir Administration and Its Withdrawal on the Submandibular Salivary Gland of Adult Male Albino Rats: A Histological and Ultra-Structural Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 4101-4109
Author(s):  
Asmaa Mahmoud Abdeen ◽  
Tarik Essawy ◽  
Saher Sayed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Histological Results

BACKGROUND: Sofosbuvir (SOF) was published in 2013 as a part of first-line treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV); it has activity against all genotypes with extrahepatic adverse effects have recently arisen. AIM: Investigating sofosbuvir-induced alterations in the rat submandibular salivary gland (SMSG). METHODS: A group of 80 adult albino rats weighing about ± 150 gm were used in the experiment. The rats were divided into 3 groups: Group I (control group) received distilled water, Group II (experimental group) divided into 2 subgroups and received SOF 40 mg/kg/day dissolved in distilled water for 1 and 3 months and Group III (recovery group) allowed for 1 month of recovery after SOF withdrawal. All animals were sacrificed; the SMSG was dissected, and specimens were examined histologically and ultra-structurally. RESULTS: Compared to Group I, Group II subgroup (1) showed acinar and ductal vacuolisation, discontinuity of the epithelial lining associated with retained secretion and congested blood vessels. These changes were found to be exaggerated in the subgroup (2) accompanied by acinar and ductal shrinkage, interstitial oedema, haemorrhage, chronic inflammatory cells infiltration and loss of gland compactness. Amelioration of the histological changes was detected in Group III after SOF withdrawal. The ultrastructural examination confirmed the histological results. CONCLUSION: SOF had induced apparent alterations in the structure and ultrastructure of SMSG. The SOF-induced alterations were time-dependent, attributed mainly to mitochondrial toxicity and partially ameliorated by its withdrawal.  

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of mimosa pudica whole plant in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Parvathy Velayudhan Nair ◽  
Bindu Latha R. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Group I ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Mimosa pudica is a traditionally used folk medicine to treat various disorders like infections, anxiety, depression, bleeding disorders, convulsions, rheumatoid arthritis, muscular pain, asthma, snake bite etc. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Mimosa pudica whole plant (HAEMPWP) in rats.Methods: HAEMPWP was prepared using Soxhlets apparatus. Acute toxicity tests were done with HAEMPWP given orally to albino rats in increasing doses up to 3200 mg/ kg body weight. The anti-inflammatory action was evaluated by Carrageenan induced paw edema method. Thirty albino rats were grouped into five groups and each contained six rats. Group I (control group) received distilled water orally. Group II (standard) received Aspirin orally dissolved in distilled water. Groups III, IV and V received HAEMPWP in doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800mg/kg orally dissolved in distilled water. Data analysis was done by one way ANOVA and unpaired t test using SPSS 16 for windows.Results: HAEMPWP showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to control. There was no statistically significant dose dependent increase in the anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusions: HAEMPWP possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity and could be an effective treatment option for various inflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Ascorbic Acid Content in Some Selected Fruits Samples from Makarfi Local Markets, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Ayodeji Apampa ◽  
Isah AbdulAzeez ◽  
Salisu Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Cucumber Fruit

This study was carried out to determine the ascorbic acid content of some fruits samples sold in Makarfi local market. Six fruits samples were randomly selected and used for the study. The samples were thoroughly washed and rinsed with distilled water. 500 g of each fruit sample (Cucumber, Carrot and Garden egg) were analyzed for both fresh and cooked portions. The samples were crushed and suspensions were made using doubled-distilled water. The extract was filtered to obtained 100 ml from each fruit filtrate which was then placed in a 500 ml volumetric flask and diluted to the mark with distilled water. 25 ml of each solution were treated with 150 ml distilled water and 5 ml of 0.6 molar freshly prepared KI(aq). 5 ml of 1M HCl and 1 ml of starch solution was added to the mixture which was then titrated against a freshly prepared 0.002M potassium iodate solution. The results obtained were used to determine the concentration of ascorbic acid in each sample. The major findings revealed that, fresh cucumber fruit has the highest concentration of ascorbic acid (9.6 x 10-1 mg/L) followed by garden egg ( 7.1 x 10-1 mg/L) and cooked garden egg fruits ( 5.6 x 10-1 mg/L). On the other hand, passion fruit (0.06 x 10-1 mg/L) has the least quantity of ascorbic acid content followed by cooked carrot (1.3 x 10-1 mg/L) and tamarind (2.9 x 10-1 mg/L)respectively. Some recommendations were made amongst which is that farmers should be enlightened to avoid the use of excessive inorganic fertilizers as it may be the factors that degrade the ascorbic acid content of some edible fruits. Vitamin C content of food get reduced by prolonged storage and over cooking because ascorbic acid is water soluble and it is destroyed by heat. Therefore steaming or microwaving should be encouraged. The study was concluded by emphasizing the importance of the consumption of fruits and the advantages of this to human health and general well-being.

scholarly journals THE PIGMENT-PROTEIN COMPOUND IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA

1940 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. French
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Neutral Solution ◽  
Water Suspension ◽  
Water Soluble Protein

1. Photosynthetic bacteria in water suspension break open when treated with supersonic vibration thus liberating the cell contents, including a water soluble protein to which is attached the otherwise water insoluble pigments, bacteriochlorophyll and carotinoids. Both types of pigments appear to be combined with the same protein. 2. The protein pigment compound is insoluble in the region of pH 3.0 to 4.5 and in neutral solution can be completely precipitated by 0.5 saturated (NH4)2SO4. It is soluble in distilled water and adsorbable on fullers' earth. 3. Supersonic extracts of photosynthetic bacteria do not have the ability to carry on photosynthesis, but will act as a photocatalyst for the oxidation of ascorbic acid with visible or infrared radiation. The rate of the photochemical oxidation is proportional to the light intensity.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF HEPARIN IN TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PERITONITIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Bowel Loop

Background: To produce peritonitis experimentally in albino rats by creation of a necrotic loop of terminal Ileum. Study of peritonitis and gross changes in peritoniteal cavity and to study the effect of single dose heparin (Anticoagulant) in experimentally produced peritonitis. Also to study and compare the effect of repeated small dosage of heparin in peritonitis. Material and Methods The rats were divided into 6 groups, under the 2 experiments. So each group comprised of 8 rats. The peritonitis was proceduced by Rasto's method, in which the peritonitis was caused by a gangrenous loop of small intestine . two types of experiment were carried out: 1. Experiment 1 : The gangrenous loop which produced peritonitis was excised after 24 hours, normal saline was given in control group,whereas heparin as a single dose and heparin in small repeated dose were given by sub-cutaneous or intraperitoneal route for 3 days. No abdominal toilet or antibiotics were given during the time. The surviving as well as the dead rats during observation period were subjected to laparotomy and detailed pathology of peritoneum was studied. 2. Experiment 2 : In this group the gangrenous loop was not resected after 24 hours and normal saline was given in control group 0.2 ml., or heparin in a single dose 50 I.U. or heparin in small repeated dose 20 I.U. twice a day for three days.All the rats were continuously observed during the post-operative period for evidence of any complications. Results: The peritonitis produced by a necrotic bowel loop was severe & brino-purulent.The formation of inter-mesentric abscess in control group was much more evident than the heparinised rats. The size of inter-mesentric abscess was smaller in treated group of albino rats than in control.The incidence of adhesion formation was much more in control group, than in the heparin group, the adhesion were very less friable and easily breakable. The survival rate in heparin treatment group was 75% to 87.5% as compared to the control group, where the survival rate was 50% only.The mortality in the control group, where the necrotic loop, was not resected was as high as 87.5% and rats died within 8 days after operation whereas the mortality rate in treatment group was low that is, from 50% to 60% only. Conclusion: By comparison and contrast of the results of the difference treatment group, it become evident that survival in the treated group was signicantly better than control group. About the evidence of intra-peritoneal infection, it shows that in treated group clearance of peritonitis was much faster than the control group of albino rats:The number and size of intramesentric abscesses were also smaller in treated group. There was also a little benecial effect on adhesion in heparinised albino rats as compared to control group.So heparin in small repeated doses has denitely a signicant effect on secondary bacterial peritonitis and its subsequent results.

scholarly journals Changes in morphological composition of blood in rats under intragastric load with walnut meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Victor Leonov ◽  
Olga Pavlova ◽  
Olga Gulenko ◽  
Maxim Kislov ◽  
Pavel Boriskin
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Living Organisms

The basis for the existence of all living organisms is homeostasis. Any living organism is an open dynamic self-regulating system and self-regulation is based on the feedback principle. The use of biologically active substances, for example, plant meal, opens up great possibilities for modulation of physiological processes in the body. Walnut fruit meal also has a rich composition, contains almost all microelements, large amounts of protein as well as carotene, quinones, lecithin, water-soluble vitamins and flavonoids. The aim of the work was to study the adaptive changes in the morphological composition of rat blood to intragastric loading with walnut meal in the form of suspension on distilled water. The experiment was carried out on 60 white laboratory rats. Conclusion: intragastric loading with distilled water suspension of walnut meal in a concentration of 15 mg/100 g body weight of clinically healthy rats was accompanied by an increase in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and leukocyte count by 6.8%, 7.0% and 9.6%, respectively, compared with the control group animals.

scholarly journals Hematotoxic Effect of Water Soluble Fraction of Bonny Light Crude Oil in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abraham, Chiedozie Nicholas ◽  
Godwin J. Udom ◽  
Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study evaluated the Hematotoxic effect of water soluble fraction (WSF) of Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO) in Wistar Albino rats. After preparation of the WSF and a range finding test, the Wistar albino rats were administered three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of WSF of BLCO for 30 and 60days. Data from the study showed that there was a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in PCV values (30.2% in the control group to 17.2% in the 100% group), Hb levels decreased significantly from 9.25 g/dl in the control group to 5.27 g/dl in the 100% group. WBC count decreased significantly from 2932 mm3 in the control group to 136 mm3 in the 100% group and finally RBC count decreased significantly from 241.8E4 mm3 to 567 mm3 with increasing concentrations in the treatment groups after 60days administration. These results suggest that the oral consumption of the WSF of BLCO led to an onset of anaemia which indicates the presence of less than normal concentrations of PCV, Hb and RBC.

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