Green Communication Infrastructure (GCI) Serving Different Smart City Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qutaiba I. Ali ◽  
Issam Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
System Level ◽  
Green Communication ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Application Fields

Aims: The aim of the Green Communication Infrastructure ‎‎(GCI) project is to understand the idea of a self ‎‎"sustainably" controlled correspondence foundation ‎fitting for smart city application fields. ‎ Background: This paper shows the endeavors to understand the idea of a ‎self "sustainably" energized communication foundation ‎fitting for smart city application fields. The recommended ‎Green Communication Infrastructure (CGI) comprises ‎different kinds of remote settled (or even versatile) hubs ‎performing diverse activities as per the application ‎requests. An imperative class of these hubs is the Wireless ‎Solar Router (WSR). Objective: The work in this venture was begun in 2009 with the aim ‎of demonstrating the essential advances that must be taken to ‎accomplish such framework and to proclaim the value of ‎embracing natural vitality assets in building mission ‎basic frameworks. Alternate destinations of this venture ‎are introducing a sensibly cost, solid, verified, and simple ‎to introduce correspondence foundation.‎ Method: The arrangement to actualize the GCI was accomplished ‎subsequent to passing two structure levels: device level and ‎system level. Result: The suggested system is highly applicable and serves a wide ‎range of smart city application fields and hence many ‎people and organizations can utilize this system. ‎ Conclusion: The presence of a reliable, secured, low cost, easy to install ‎and self-powered communication infrastructure is ‎mandatory in our nowadays. The communities in ‎developing countries or in rural areas need such a system ‎highly in order to communicate with other people in the ‎world which will affect positively their social and ‎economic situation.

scholarly journals Smart Metering for Challenging Scenarios: A Low-Cost, Self-Powered and Non-Intrusive IoT Device

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7133
Author(s):  
Edgar Saavedra ◽  
Guillermo del Campo ◽  
Asuncion Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Technological Constraints

In this work, a novel current metering device was presented. This device was intended to bring current metering capabilities to a wide variety of scenarios: Developing countries, rural areas, or any situation with technological constraints. The device was designed to provide a straightforward installation with no intrusion in the electrical panels. This was achieved by applying energy harvesting techniques and wireless communication technology for data transmission. The device was able to exploit the magnetic field inducted around a wire carrying electricity as energy harvesting, thus acquiring the power it needed to work. Since very low power was harvested, an efficient treatment for the incoming power and a minimal power consumption system were essential. Although exploiting the magnetic fields inducted around a wire has been used for years, the combination of this technology for both energy harvesting and current metering in an end-user device was off-center. To work in a wide variety of scenarios, it used Sigfox for communications as this brought wide coverage and out-of-the-box functioning. The theoretical design of the device was validated by verification assessments for the joint performance of the individual parts compounding the device, including metering capabilities and wireless communication test-bench. Finally, the metering device was tested under three distinct real-world scenarios that demonstrated the viability of the system. Results show that, depending on the metering period and the average current value in the mains line, the device could work forever acquiring and sending electricity consumption data. Perpetual working was achieved with an average current of 3.1 A to meter every 15 min, and an average current of 5 A for a 5-min metering period.

scholarly journals Harvesting Solar Energy from Asphalt Pavement

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12807
Author(s):  
Md Fahim Tanvir Hossain ◽  
Samer Dessouky ◽  
Ayetullah B. Biten ◽  
Arturo Montoya ◽  
Daniel Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Powered

This study aims at designing and developing a new technique to harvest solar energy from asphalt pavements. The proposed energy harvester system consists of a pavement solar box with a transparent polycarbonate sample and a thin-film solar panel. This device mechanism can store energy in a battery charged over daytime and later convert it into electric power as per demand. A wide range of polycarbonate samples containing different thicknesses, elastic moduli, and light transmission properties were tested to select the most efficient materials for the energy harvester system. Transmittance Spectroscopy was conducted to determine the percent light transmission property of the polycarbonate samples at different wavelengths in the visible spectrum. Finite Element Analysis modeling of the pavement–tire load system was conducted to design the optimal energy harvester system under static load. It was followed by the collection of data on the generated power under different weather conditions. The energy harvesters were also subjected to vehicular loads in the field. The results suggest that the proposed pavement solar box can generate an average of 23.7 watts per square meter continuously over 6 h a day under sunny conditions for the weather circumstances encountered in South Texas while providing a slightly smaller power output in other weather circumstances. It is a promising self-powered and low-cost installation technique that can be implemented at pedestrian crossings and intersections to alert distracted drivers at the time of pedestrian crossing, which is likely to improve pedestrian safety.

scholarly journals Development of communication infrastructure in rural areas of the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vaněk ◽  
J. Jarolímek ◽  
P. Šimek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

The paper deals with the current trends in development of communication infrastructure which is, above all, represented by high-speed Internet connection (broadband). It is focused on conditions of the Czech Republic; or more precisely, on its rural areas, including possibilities of further development in the following period in context of trends in the world, in the OECD and the EU countries.

Can communication satellites overcome crippling educational deficits in the poorest nations?

1975 ◽  
Vol 345 (1643) ◽  
pp. 591-600
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Software ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Solution

The world’s most massive and urgent educational needs today-not simply for schools but for many other kinds of learning opportunities, for children and adults alike - centre in the rural areas of poorer nations. To meet these basic rural learning needs will certainly require, among other things, far more extensive use of low cost mass media and much greater investment in relevant, dynamic and effective educational software. It is tempting, therefore, to hail communication satellites as the ‘great solution’. But unfortunately, for a variety of practical reasons which will be explained in the paper, satellite delivery systems are unlikely to be able over the next 10 to 20 years to contribute more than marginally to meeting these massive and highly diverse rural learning needs. This conclusion is arrived at reluctantly on the basis of recent I.C.E.D. studies of education for rural development commissioned by the World Bank of U.N.I.C.E.F.

The Cave-let: A low-cost projective immersive display

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Green ◽  
Lloyd White
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collaborative Systems ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

This paper describes the design and implementation of a low-cost projective immersive display (PID), called the Cave-let. A PID immerses the user in a computer-generated three-dimensional environment that responds to the user's movements. Current devices of this nature are very expensive, so that fewer than 100 units have been installed around the world. A low-cost PID will enable a wide range of applications in areas such as telehealth, visualization, education and collaborative systems. To produce a low-cost PID, we identified the components of the design that represented the major costs. These were then redesigned with the aim of reducing cost as much as possible while preserving most of the functionality. The resulting device is suitable for a wide range of applications and is an order of magnitude less expensive than similar devices.

scholarly journals Performance of WiMAX Physical layer MIMO-OFDM System under Rayleigh Fading Channel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Spatial Multiplexing ◽  
System Level ◽  
High Data ◽  
Mimo Ofdm ◽  
Phy Layer

WiMAX infrastructure will meet the needs of multiple consumers at very low cost and without the time required to install a wired network, for those who need quick access to rural areas where cable systems cannot be feasible because of the distances and costs involved. Multi-Input (MIMO) technology in combination with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an appealing architecture for wireless systems of the next decade. This system level approach has been used in many WiMAX simulator developments, both public and private. In this paper we are investigating the performance of Wi- MAX PHY layer for PHY-layer modifications of 2×2 MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output), spatial multiplexing, to provide high throughput, bandwidth efficiency and low bit error rate at high data rates. The paper provides necessary description for the simulation process of WiMAX model, addresses the important elements for specific inaccuracies that are existed in the physical layer with the BER for various modulation schemes.

scholarly journals An IoT-oriented Fast Prototyping Platform for BLE-based Star Topology Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Invidia ◽  
Silvio Lucio Oliva ◽  
Andrea Palmieri ◽  
Luigi Patrono ◽  
Piercosimo Rametta
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
End Users ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Star Topology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Open Development ◽  
Application Fields

The Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized by many technologies, standards, tools and devices for a wide range of application fields and often, for the end-users (makers and developers), is hard to orientate in an equally wide range of offers from various manufacturers. In recent years, the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication protocol is achieving a large portion of the market, thanks to its low-power and low-cost orientation and its pervasiveness in mobile devices, like smartphones. For these reasons, BLE is increasingly used in IoT-oriented Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), where a small set of devices arranged in star topology network and connected to a smartphone and a Wi-Fi gateway, can cover a large number of monitoring and controlling use case scenarios. This work presents the ST’s STM32 Open Development Environment (ODE), a complete suite of hardware and software tools representing a reference point for end-users willing to create BLE-based star topology networks for a wide range of applications. Through a simple use case in a smart home context, it is shown how all provided tools can be used to fast prototype applications addressing all user requirements.

scholarly journals Ozone Gas Sanitization Unit (O3SU) with Low Cost Tech where Water Supply is Critical

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Massimiliano De Mei
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
The World ◽  
Gas Generators

Too many people in the world do not have access to clean and safe water but water purification processes are energy intensive and require structures capable of supplying energy constantly. In many rural areas there is basically no electricity available and only the installation of a photovoltaic system or of any other renewable energy source, can lay the foundations for design of water purification plants. The main goal of this work was to study the effectiveness of ozone (O3) for knocking down high levels of fecal pollution and to construct a prototype for low cost sanitization (O3SU Ozone gas Sanitization Unit), able to supply limited quantities of safe water to small rural communities. Ozone gas generators were tested at 7, 14 and 21 g/h and gas flow times were determined. The ozone sanitization of waters characterized by mainly fecal contamination seems to be very effective; surely the O3SU can and must be improved through, for example, the use of more powerful ozone generators, in order to reduce the duration of the treatment and through the decreasing of the electric consumptions, that would make possible to increase the daily treatment cycles. Thus, we would be able to increase the amount of clean water available to populations living in areas where the water crisis is an unlucky and grim reality.

INFLUENCE OF NANO Al2O3 TO IMPROVE THE YIELD OF DOUBLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rees Alexa Robert ◽  
Dinesh Keloth Kaithari ◽  
M. Mumtaz Mirza ◽  
Parimal Sharad Bhambare
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Development

Purpose:The supply of pure fresh water is becoming a rising issue is many areas of the world. Clean water being a basic requirement is still unavailable to a large number of people. The fast development and growth in population and agriculture has helped to increase the need of clean water. The solar distillation is one of the most cost efficient ways to accomplish this. Methodology:When water evaporates from the basin of the still, it leaves the various impurities behind resulting in clean palatable water. Solar stills have a comparatively low yield but can be used to provide safe water options to rural areas of the world. To increase the yield of the solar still nano Al2O3 fluid is used,which is prepared using a dispersant of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS). The still is a double slope basin type solar still with black paint coating on the inside and external reflecting mirrors, to enhance the yield. Main Findings:This project compares the efficiency and output of double slope solar still with and without the nanofluid. The single basin double slope solar still was fabricated using low cost durable materials and the 0.01 vol. % Al2O3 water based nanofluid was prepared. The results showed a positive outcome of a 15% increase in the rate of distillate collected with the use of nanofluids. The payback period was calculated to be less than 2 weeks without nanofluid and one week with the use of nanofluid. Implications:The present study is useful for obtaining pure drinking water at remote locations in Sultanate of Oman where solar energy is abundance. Novelty of Study: Nanofluids are used to enhance the distillation rate when compared to the conventional solar stills.  

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