The spectrum of biochemical alterations with molecular and serological biomarkers in the diagnosis of COVID-19: searching for novel one to identify disease earlier with better prognosis and drug discovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Ray ◽  
Sukhes Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Serological Biomarkers

: Clinical and laboratory predictors of progression to serious and deadly forms are crucial in the fight against COVID-19, which has now become a worldwide pandemic. The clinical laboratory's vital role in today's crises has never been more obvious. These subjective clinical signals can be perceived more confidently during an examination with the help of biomarkers. To best combat present and future pandemics, global unity on test access is required, as well as infection prevention and diagnostic measures that are tightly linked.

Consistent Infection Prevention: Vital During Routine and Emerging Infectious Diseases Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Rebmann ◽  
Ruth Carrico
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Emerging infectious diseases impact healthcare providers in the United States and globally. Nurses play a vital role in protecting the health of patients, visitors, and fellow staff members during routine practice and biological disasters, such as bioterrorism, pandemics, or outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. One vital nursing practice is proper infection prevention procedures. Failure to practice correctly and consistently can result in occupational exposures or disease transmission. This article reviews occupational health risks, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for nurses who provide care to patients with new or re-emerging infectious diseases. Infection prevention education based on existing infection prevention competencies is critical to ensure adequate knowledge and safe practice both every day and in times of limited resources. Challenges specific to infectious disease disasters are discussed, as well as the role of microorganisms and nurse education for infection prevention.

A Critical and Concise Review of Mass Spectrometry Applied to Imaging in Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 963-976
Author(s):  
Richard J. A. Goodwin ◽  
Zoltan Takats ◽  
Josephine Bunch
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Program Attrition ◽  
Endogenous Metabolites

During the past decade, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become a robust and versatile methodology to support modern pharmaceutical research and development. The technologies provide data on the biodistribution, metabolism, and delivery of drugs in tissues, while also providing molecular maps of endogenous metabolites, lipids, and proteins. This allows researchers to make both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements at cellular resolution in tissue sections or clinical biopsies. Despite drug imaging within samples now playing a vital role within research and development (R&D) in leading pharmaceutical companies, however, the challenges in turning compounds into medicines continue to evolve as rapidly as the technologies used to discover them. The increasing cost of development of new and emerging therapeutic modalities, along with the associated risks of late-stage program attrition, means there is still an unmet need in our ability to address an increasing array of challenging bioanalytical questions within drug discovery. We require new capabilities and strategies of integrated imaging to provide context for fundamental disease-related biological questions that can also offer insights into specific project challenges. Integrated molecular imaging and advanced image analysis have the opportunity to provide a world-class capability that can be deployed on projects in which we cannot answer the question with our battery of established assays. Therefore, here we will provide an updated concise review of the use of MSI for drug discovery; we will also critically consider what is required to embed MSI into a wider evolving R&D landscape and allow long-lasting impact in the industry.

The impact of molecular biology on drug discovery

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Belfield ◽  
S.J. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Impact

The discipline of molecular biology has become increasingly important in recent times for the process of drug discovery. We describe the impact of molecular biology across the whole process of drug discovery and development, including (i) the identification and validation of new drug targets, (ii) the development of molecular screens to find new candidate drugs, and (iii) the generation of safety data and competences leading to enhanced clinical efficacy. We also speculate on emerging developments in drug discovery where it seems likely that molecular biology will play an even more vital role in the generation of future therapies.

scholarly journals Role of Regulatory Authorities on the Working of Contract Research Organization and Pharmaceutical Company’s Clinical Trials in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Poonam Chauhan ◽  
Monica Mendonca
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Research Organization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Contract Research Organization ◽  
Contract Research ◽  
Target Disease ◽  
The Masses

The evolution of the drug development process and testing its efficacy is a primary responsibility of pharmaceutical companies. The time cost investment involved in identifying a compound suitable to its target disease and making it available to the masses eventually led to the rise of the Contract Research Organization (CRO) in the domain of clinical research.  Pharmaceutical companies outsource the research and clinical trials to CRO’s. A CRO has a vital role from drug discovery to the launch and marketing of drugs. India is emerging as attractive location for global clinical trial. It has cost advantage compared to other countries and a well-developed associated services like data management, medical writing and pharmacovigilance.  The Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is the National Regulatory Authority in India that aims to bring safe drugs and standardize clinical research. Pharmaceutical Companies benefit by strategically working with CRO to gain speed and efficiency in drug discovery, generation and retention of clinical data integrity. The risk associated with CRO relates to delays and inferior quality of work, thereby making CRO a critical decision for Pharmaceutical Company.

The Present and Future of Novel Protein Degradation Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 1784-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Xia ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yinsen Song ◽  
Hailiang Zhu ◽  
Yongtao Duan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Bifunctional Molecules ◽  
Subsequent Degradation ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Novel Protein

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), as a novel therapeutic modality, play a vital role in drug discovery. Each PROTAC contains three key parts; a protein-of-interest (POI) ligand, a E3 ligase ligand, and a linker. These bifunctional molecules could mediate the degradation of POIs by hijacking the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases for POI ubiquitination and subsequent degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). With several advantages over other therapeutic strategies, PROTACs have set off a new upsurge of drug discovery in recent years. ENDTAC, as the development of PROTACs technology, is now receiving more attention. In this review, we aim to summarize the rapid progress from 2018 to 2019 in protein degradation and analyze the challenges and future direction that need to be addressed in order to efficiently develop potent protein degradation technology.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Psychological response toward COVID-19 among Nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Degena Bahrey Tadesse ◽  
Gebremeskel Tukue Gebrewahd ◽  
Gebre Teklemariam Demoz
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Response ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Response Score

Abstract Background: The Coronavirus Disease in 2019 (COVID-19) is not only the deadly outbreak disease but also it affects the mental status of the population including the nurses. Nurses play a vital role in dealing with COVID-19 victims. Nurse’s infection control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and psychological responses towards COVID-19. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice, and psychological response among nurses toward the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia. The hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed. The data were collected from March to April 2020. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire.The data were entered into Epi-data manager version 4.2 and exported to SPSS 23 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was reported to describe the demographic, mean knowledge, attitude practice, and psychological response score of nurses.Results: A total of 415 nurses were participated in this study making that 100% response rate. Of the participants 241(58.1%) were female. From the 415 nurses 307(74%), 278(67%), 299(72%%), and 354(85.3%) were had good knowledge, good infection prevention practice, a favorable attitude, and disturbed psychological response towards COVID-19 respectively.

scholarly journals Pharmacology NOW!

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Jessica Strangward
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process

Pharmacologists play a vital role in the drug discovery process. Every time we take a pill, our body's chemistry changes. Pharmacology's job is to understand why, and to use this knowledge to build better drugs.

scholarly journals Organocatalytic atroposelective heterocycloaddition to access axially chiral 2-arylquinolines

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongming Yang ◽  
Shaofa Sun ◽  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
Yuhan Liu ◽  
Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
Chiral Amine ◽  
New Class ◽  
Axially Chiral ◽  
High Yields

AbstractAxially chiral heterobiaryls play a vital role in asymmetric synthesis and drug discovery. However, there are few reports on the synthesis of atropisomeric heterobiaryls compared with axially chiral biaryls. Thus, the rapid enantioselective construction of optically active heterobiaryls and their analogues remains an attractive challenge. Here, we report a concise chiral amine-catalyzed atroposelective heterocycloaddition reaction of alkynes with ortho-aminoarylaldehydes, and obtain a new class of axially chiral 2-arylquinoline skeletons with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. In addition, the axially chiral 2-arylquinoline framework with different substituents is expected to be widely used in enantioselective synthesis.

The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Aline Byrnes ◽  
Elsa E. Ramos ◽  
Minoru Suzuki ◽  
E.D. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

Ultrastructure of Lymphatic Capillaries in the Transport of Colloidal Particles

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak ◽  
J. F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The vital role played by the lymphatic capillaries in the transfer of tissue fluids and particulate materials from the connective tissue area can be demonstrated by the rapid removal of injected vital dyes into the tissue areas. In order to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the transfer of substances from the connective tissue area at the ultrastructural level, we have injected colloidal particles of varying sizes which range from 80 A up to 900-mμ. These colloidal particles (colloidal ferritin 80-100A, thorium dioxide 100-200 A, biological carbon 200-300 and latex spheres 900-mμ) are injected directly into the interstitial spaces of the connective tissue with glass micro-needles mounted in a modified Chambers micromanipulator. The progress of the particles from the interstitial space into the lymphatic capillary lumen is followed by observing tissues from animals (skin of the guinea pig ear) that were injected at various time intervals ranging from 5 minutes up to 6 months.

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