Resilience in the Face of Disability

Author(s):  
Bibian Bibeca Bumbila García ◽  
Ruth Leonor Bergmann Zambrano ◽  
María Gabriela Palma Bravo

The objective of the work is to identify the most preeminent elements of resilience in the face of disability at the Technical University of Manabí. To do this, a wide-ranging exploration and bibliographical study was carried out, which allowed us to return to the criteria addressed by several authors recognized internationally in the study of resilience and especially those of the Latin American area. The work deals with contemporary contextual aspects that may be favorable to the psychosocial approach to resilience. The article is based on research based on the qualitative interpretative paradigm. The theoretical referents were consigned from the bibliographic review, to compare them with the empirical phase that allowed interpreting the individual representations of disabled youth about resilience. The results of the research show that resilience is widely known, although an important bias is maintained in its representation related to a more individual than the social view, which could limit its influence as a pedagogical factor.

Author(s):  
Eleticia Isabel Pinargote Macías ◽  
Hernán Andrés Cedeño Cedeño ◽  
Gabriela Monserrate Romero Chávez

The objective of the work focuses on determining the importance of resilience in the teaching-learning process of students with disabilities at the Technical University of Manabí, for this purpose an exploration is carried out to verify the criterion on this concept students group. The work deals with contemporary contextual aspects that may favor a psychosocial approach to resilience. The article is based on qualitative research based on the qualitative interpretative-hermeneutic paradigm. The theoretical referents were consigned from the bibliographic review, with the purpose of confronting them with the empirical phase that allowed to unravel the individual representations of the interviewees about the resilience. The results of the research show that resilience is widely known, although an important bias is maintained in its representation related to a more individual than the social view, which could limit its influence as a pedagogical factor.


1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Piker

Ongoing cultures, by virtue of the personalities they produce and the social arrangements they embody, create tensions or strains for their individual members; and they provide as well for the institutionalized expression and alleviation, if not complete reduction, of these tensions in culturally approved channels. In this view, cultural stability refers not to the absence of persisting conflict on the individual or social level; but rather to a high degree of complementarity between institutionalized sources of strain or conflict for the individual, and institutionalized arrangements for tension reduction or expression. This conception of stability does not assume that all relatively stable cultures are equally productive of psychological well-being, even assuming this nebulous condition could be specified. Nor does it assert that all stable cultures are equally adaptive in the face of external pressures. It does imply, however, that sources of conflict and channels for its expression will be sufficiently balanced to insure perpetuation of culturally standardized social arrangements and beliefs over many generations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 93-146

Culture and awareness are two flexible concepts that are related to the social nature and its development, and the creative and scientific activities of humans since time immemorial. Awareness is developed by humans living their social life, the way they react towards their environment that consists of people, the average of their knowledge and the way they react to the things around them. What distinguishing the individual self-awareness is the human's ability to make any decision and their knowledge of their general behavior. in the light of taking what we need of the information, data, properties and characteristics, we give the youth their needs of activities, movement, awareness and culture through setting codified thoughtful programs. Therefore, we need to know the following: Are the attitudes of the males differ from the attitudes of the females of practicing sports? The importance of the research lies in the fact that it is one of the few studies that takes into consideration sport culture and health of an important segment, which is the youth. One of the results of the research is that the physical activity that the youth do in sports centers (gyms) that brings important benefits like prevention of diseases. The research was conducted on (202) of males which is 63.3% and (98) females which is (32.7). The results of the research show that most of those whom the research was conducted on were from the age of 18 to 25, which makes 47% of the study sample.


2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor Castañeda ◽  
David Doyle ◽  
Cassilde Schwartz

We examine the individual-level determinants of tax morale in low-capacity states, specifically Latin American countries, where the social contract is often perceived as fractured. We argue that individuals in such states perceive the social contract as an agreement to which they can opt in or opt out. Those who choose to opt out prefer to substitute state-provided goods for private providers, rather than pay for public goods through taxes or free ride to receive those goods. Through a list experiment conducted in Mexico City, we demonstrate that willingness to evade taxes is highest when individuals have stepped outside of the social contract. More traditional indicators of reciprocity—such as socioeconomic status and perceptions of corruption—are not significant. We bolster our experimental results with observational data from 17 Latin American cities; those with access to employer-sponsored insurance are more willing to evade tax.


Author(s):  
Francisco Segado-Boj ◽  
Juan-José Prieto-Gutiérrez ◽  
Jesús Díaz-Campo

This paper studies the social structure of Spanish and Latin American communication researchers through the representation and analysis of three coauthorship networks at the national, institutional, and individual level. Such networks are built from papers indexed in the ‘Communication’ category by Web of Science and published between 2000 and 2019 by authors attached to a Spanish or Latin American institution (n = 5,040). The goal is to characterize the structural features of each network, identify the most central actors, and illustrate the most relevant relationships among nodes. The results show that the most central country is Spain, followed by the USA and other European nations. Among the Latin American states, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico are placed at the most relevant nodes. Latin American collaboration is preferentially addressed to the USA, especially since 2015. Regarding institutions, Spanish public universities in Madrid and Catalonia achieve the highest degrees of centrality. However, the most central Latin American institutions are private universities. The most relevant authors are Spanish researchers until 2015, when they are replaced at the top by Latin American scholars. Collaboration at both the individual and institutional levels shows a deep regional tendency, while the internationalization of researchers and universities is only more visible since 2015. This work identifies a tendency towards internal cohesion at different network levels as the number of connected nodes grows in each period. We conclude that a proper Spanish-Latin America community of communication researchers does not exist. Resumen Se aborda la estructura social de la comunidad española y latinoamericana de investigadores en Comunicación. Para ello se representan y analizan las redes de coautorías en tres niveles: naciones, instituciones y autores. Estas redes se construyen a partir de los artículos de revistas indexadas en la Web of Science categorizadas dentro del área “Communication” y publicados entre 2000 y 2019 por autores con afiliación a un centro español o latinoamericano (n = 5.040). Se busca así caracterizar estructuralmente cada red, identificar los actores más centrales y delimitar las relaciones más relevantes entre los nodos y medir la cohesión de la red, así como trazar la evolución de las coautorías en el período analizado. Los resultados muestran que el país más central es España, seguido por Estados Unidos y otras naciones europeas. Entre los estados latinoamericanos, Brasil, Chile y México ocupan los lugares más relevantes. La colaboración de Latinoamérica se dirige preferentemente hacia Estados Unidos, especialmente a partir de 2015. En cuanto a las instituciones, las universidades públicas madrileñas y catalanas destacan por su centralidad. Por el contrario, las universidades latinoamericanas más centrales son centros privados. Respecto a los autores, los más centrales son especialmente investigadores españoles, pero a partir de 2015 son reemplazados en los puestos más relevantes por autores latinoamericanos. No obstante, la colaboración, tanto institucional como individual, es marcadamente regional. La internacionalización de individuos e instituciones sólo se hace más visible a partir de 2015. Se identifica una tendencia a la cohesión interna de las redes en sus distintos niveles en tanto que aumenta el número de nodos conectados entre sí. Se concluye que no existe una comunidad propiamente hispano-latinoamericana de investigación en Comunicación.


2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
Andrey Shilovtsev ◽  
Natalia Sorokina ◽  
Konstantin Stozhko ◽  
Dmitry Stozhko ◽  
Jose Luis Lopez Garcia

The aim of the study is to assess the multidimensional nature of the relationship between the social security of the individual and the new technical and technological reality. Using the example of the dialectics of science and technology, the noosphere and the technosphere, the article reveals the nature and features of such interrelations in the conditions of modern globalism, a new scientific and technological revolution and the transition of society to a new technological order. An analysis of the concepts of “transhumanism”, “posthuman” and a number of other terms is given, as well as the results of modern discussions of the problem under study. The article substantiates the idea that effective management of the modern technosphere is associated with the preservation of the basic traditional value foundations of society’s existence, which made it possible to create modern engineering and technology and which are able to provide the necessary dynamic balance between science and technology in the face of steadily growing social instability, uncertainty and risks.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-422
Author(s):  
Eva Farhah

Infectious plague has seized the attention of a number of experts in various scientific fields and squeezed a number of dimensions of human life. This is also inseparable from the attention of Arabic writers, Egypt, namely Thaha Husain in undergoing an infectious plague era. Through his work entitled Al-Mu'tazilah (1971), Thaha Husain highlights the individual and social conditions of the community at the time when an outbreak of an infectious virus struck and after it passed. This situation is the problem in this study. Thus, the purpose of this study is to describe, describe and critique the attitudes of individuals and social communities in the face of infectious plague. The various attitudes and behaviors presented in this literary text serve as primary research data and are analyzed by descriptive methods. That is an analytical method that emphasizes the description of a qualitative critical analysis data, and not produce numbers as quantitative research. Furthermore, literary reception theory is used to express research analysis by its work, namely the method of textual criticism in order to obtain an objective and scientific analysis, then reinforced by secondary sources related to research. Thus, the results of this study are exemplary individual and social attitudes that can be implemented in contemporary life in the context of prevention, treatment and mutual assistance in dealing with infectious virus outbreaks. In addition, people can refrain from doing things that can harm the social environment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
Olga S. Surzhik ◽  

The article reflects K.P. Pobedonostsev’s understanding of the events of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878. He noticed the spiritual division of the society in the face of wartime challenges. It was based on the Christian conscience of the individual, or its spiritual passivity. The war of 1877– 1878 divided the Russian society into sincere figures who were ready to sacrifice their lives, property, time, and formal reputation for the sake of faith, the Tsar, the Fatherland, the suffering neighbors, and into those who preferred to put on self-interest and skepticism, and hide behind indifference and instructions. The more formalized an official’s activities are, the more harmful and less effective they are. Favoritism and theft were not harmed by this order. The less work you do for your conscience, for the sake of loving your neighbor and fulfilling your duty to God, the greater the need for fear of punishment. On the other hand, the more formalized an official’s activities are, the greater the fear of responsibility when taking the initiative. In the social activities of wartime, the thinker also saw a division into modest ascetics and noisy demonstrative personalities, who, acting for show, were more harmful to the cause. On the other hand, according to K.P. Pobedonostsev, the war had awakened many forces that were sleeping in the people’s environment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1 (460)) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Roman Chymkowski ◽  
Agata Koprowicz

The main aim of the article is presentation and operationalization of the concept of the places of the future in the context of seed banks. The future is understood here as a category of collective imagination, which means that the predicted future is an essential element of the present. The anticipated futures act reciprocally upon the social practices, both at the individual and the institution levels. Although, due to social, natural, civilizational and other reasons, the future is not fully predictable, it is semi-open, not-completely closed, it is recognized in the form of systemic thinking, which can be defined as closed. The analysis of the case of seed banks allowed revealing the inevitable gap between the future and systematic anticipation practices. The seed banks established in the face of the anticipated threat of global hunger are a tool for negotiating a possibly beneficial to people scenario for the future, conducted with non-human actors, whose actions are of probabilistic nature.


1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-399
Author(s):  
Mario J. Valdés

The idea of a seminar that would contribute as much to the understanding of the country or area studied as to the individual disciplines participating is still one of those interesting projects that very rarely materialize. I can only provide knowledgeable discussion on the contribution that literary criticism can make to the larger objective of the study of Latin American society and culture. I am of the opinion that the insights of literary analysis can be very useful to my colleagues in the social sciences, but the adaptation of material from a discipline that is dealing with the imagination in its most elaborate expression, in the last analysis, must depend on each specialist's willingness to confront the subjective vision in man as a part of the human experience.


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