scholarly journals Development of Ibn Taymiyyah's ideas in the works of Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Ludmila B. Maevskaya ◽  
Khaisam Muhammad Aga
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Sayyid Qutb ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Political Figure ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In modern Islam, Sayyid Qutb is considered one of the main ideologues of fundamentalism. S. Qutb reinterpreted traditional Islamic concepts for use in political activities. His ideas had a huge impact on the jihadist takfiris. In turn, the worldview and subsequent political concepts of Qutb himself were formed under the influence of many medieval thinkers, including Ibn Taymiyyah. Since the study of the influence of Ibn Taymiyyah on the worldview of this religious and political figure has not received sufficient attention from researchers, this determines the relevance of this work. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of the ideas of Ibn Taymiyyah on S. Qutb, and his interpretation of the teachings of this religious figure. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive study of the influence of Ibn Taymiyyah's ideas on the worldview of S. Qutb. In the course of studying this issue, the following methods of scientific research were used: analysis, comparison, chronology, historical-comparative method, which contributed to the establishment of objective and subjective factors that influenced the formation of the teachings of Ibn Taymiyyah and Sayyid Qutb. 

JULIJONA – LIETUVOS DIDŽIOJO KUNIGAIKŠČIO ALGIRDO ŽMONA IR JO VAIKŲ MOTINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019/2 ◽  
pp. 5-39
Author(s):  
Darius Baronas
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania

ANNOTATION. This article is the first attempt of the biographic research of Grand Duchess Uliana Algirdienė of Lithuania (d. 17/03/1392), based on the critical analysis of primary sources. It is also aimed at pointing out the reflection of the role of women in the pagan Lithuanian society. The research was carried out by means of the analytical and comparative method of historical source analysis with a view to separate as distinctly as possible the information derived from contemporary sources from the images imposed by later historiographic tradition. The article questions the stereotypes related to Uliana’s great political power in Lithuania’s political life that are well-established in modern historiography and present-day cultural memory. With this an attempt is made to draw attention to the problematic nature of information derived from historical sources as well as to more distinctly define the frames imposed by the political culture of pagan Lithuania which clearly marked the boundaries for the political activities of women representing the ruling dynasty. This article for the most part dwells on the issues related to the coverage of Algirdas and Uliana’s marriage and the period of their married life up to Algirdas’ death in 1377. KEYWORDS: Uliana, Algirdas, Simeon, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Moscow, Tver, Rus’, women

scholarly journals When research met policy: a history of innovation and a complicated relationship in three Swedish development projects in mathematics education, 1960–2018

ZDM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Prytz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
School Governance ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Major Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Contemporary Development

AbstractThis paper concerns the relationship between research and governance policy in three Swedish major development projects in mathematics education: the New Math project (1960–1975), the PUMP project (1970–1980), and the Boost for Mathematics project in (2012–2016). All three projects were driven or financed by the Swedish central school authorities. Using a historical comparative method, this study deepens the understanding of how research co-exists with governance policy when preparing innovations in mathematics education. The main historical sources are official reports and governmental decisions concerning the three projects. The analysis is focused on the nature of the innovations of each project and the role of researchers in the process of creating the innovations. The analysis highlights the theories and the methods involved in those processes. The three projects are also positioned in a context of school governance policy. In Sweden, the prevailing school governing policy changed from a highly centralised governance in the 1960s to a highly decentralised governance in the 2010s. The paper concludes by discussing to what degree the researchers adhered to principles of research or school governance; in particular, the Boost for Mathematics project is considered in this regard. The relevance of the paper in relation to the emerging field of implementation research in mathematics education concerns how historical studies can give new insights about contemporary development projects in mathematics education.

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF HISTORY OF THE STAVROPOL COSSACKS: KEY ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE REGIONAL COSSACK GROUP’S PAST

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
K.A. Ushmaeva ◽  
◽  
A.S. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Economic Ties

This study is devoted to the study of relevant works on the history of the Stavropol Cossacks, works in the field of education of the Stavropol Cossacks as an independent Cossack group, trade, cultural and economic ties in the Stavropol Territory, spiritual life, language, culture, traditions and customs of the Stavropol Cossacks. Among modern studies in the history of the Stavropol Cossacks, the following topics stand out: military life and everyday life, folklore and song traditions, the movement for the revival of the Cossacks, as well as the current state and prospects for the development of Cossack organizations. The prospect of the development of pedagogical technologies based on the Cossack traditions of educating young people in Stavropol is highlighted as a separate topical topic. The relevance of the study lies in the need for a private study of the historiography of the regional Cossack group of Stavropol Cossacks in order to expand the scientific and pedagogical tools in the field of «Cossack studies». The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using the data of the article in the search for supporting material for teaching the "History of the Cossacks" in a higher educational institution (taking into account the regional specifics). The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in a new view of the Stavropol Cossacks as an independent Cossack group formed at the end of the XVIII century. The source base is represented mainly by archival data from the State Archives of the Stavropol Territory, data banks on archaeological, cultural and linguistic expeditions, sources of personal origin, the works of contemporary historians and directly the works of historians, whose studies formed the basis of the historiography of the history of the Stavropol Cossacks. The research methodology is based on the principles of historiographic comparative studies and comparative analysis of sources. Within the framework of the sociocultural approach, we rely on the following methods. Special-historical: the narrative method, the historical-comparative method, the historical-systemic method, the retrospective method. Sociological: document analysis, method of generalizing characteristics, method of ideal types. Culturological: comparative method, cultural-systemic method. Pedagogical: pedagogical interviewing, a method of studying and generalizing pedagogical experience.

Worldview formation and Otto von Bismarck development as a politician

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Irina V. Lokhova
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Personal Character ◽  
The Family ◽  
Worldview Formation ◽  
Otto Von Bismarck ◽  
Basic Beliefs ◽  
Political Figure

The main aim of the article is to consider impartially the formation of O. Bismarck’s worldview and the stages of his development as a political figure. A lot of biographers are often biased and sometimes reach panegyric or censure in their attitude to this person. The article examines objectively the factors that influenced the formation of O. Bismarck’s personality, limiting itself only to the main features of his personal character and family environment, without dwelling in detail on his political activities. Bismarck’s mother was excellently educated, combined the sentimental-religious mood of her century and the liberal beliefs inherited from her father, she aimed to awaken ambition and the desire to achieve her goals in her children from childhood. His father, unlike emotionless and refined mother, was a former military man who preferred rural life to urban life and he spoiled children in every possible way and was the soul of the family. She was shrewd and ambitious, personified intelligence and she loved to have conversations with intelligent people and to play chess, he was full of humor and fun and he preferred living on the estate and hunting. Perhaps due to this inconsistency, Bismarck was not brought up in class prejudices in his native home, but later his basic beliefs were formed under the influence of the environment.

scholarly journals Калмыцко-казахское противостояние в Северном Прикаспии в 1723–1724 гг.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Vladimir T. Tepkeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Engagement ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Source Materials

Introduction. The paper examines an understudied period in the history of the Kalmyk Khanate — beginnings of a military confrontation between joint Kazakh-Karakalpak forces and Kalmyk units in 1723–1724. Goals. The article aims at introducing newly discovered archival data about the reign of Khan Tseren-Donduk (1724–1735). Materials and Methods. The source materials are related records stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia (Coll. И-36). The Register of Kalmyk Affairs contains dispatches and reports by the Governor of Astrakhan, A. Volynsky, clustered under the title ‘About Actual Disagreements and Feuds of Kalmyk Landlords’. The employed historical comparative method makes it possible to specify a chronicle of events on the basis of coinciding events described by all or most of the investigated sources. Results. The 1723 feuds between young Kalmyk princely heirs, Khan Ayuka’s death in 1724, and the unsettled order of succession paved the path for Kazakh and Karakalpak invasions of eastern Kalmyk-inhabited territories between the Volga and the Yaik (Ural) Rivers. Conclusions. Despite the actual political factionalism across the Kalmyk Khanate, eastern landlords headed by Dorji Nazarov were able to repel the aggression of hostile groups. The 1724 battle of the Uzen which ended in a defeat of a small Kazakh-Karakalpak unit had important military and political consequences conveying the message that even amidst the lack of solidarity between Kalmyk noblemen any invasion of their lands should turn an essentially arduous task. However, the successful local engagement of the Volga Kalmyks could not stop the subsequent eastward expansion of Kazakhs.

scholarly journals The Political Environment of the Cities of Northern Kazakhstan at the Cusp of the 19th-20th Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
G.Zh. Sultangazy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Historical Comparative

Cities of the northern part of Kazakhstan at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries had played the role of administrative units for a long period; however, the gradual development of the urban environment and the integration of the cities of the national outskirts into the system of socio-economic relations of the empire led to the formation cooperation of a citizen not only in the economic aspect, but also, in the political aspects. The research attempted to analyze the processes associated with the formation of a political space in a colonial city, where representatives of the national intelligentsia were the subjects, and the emerging media and public spaces were the tools. The author insists that the political component of the city had developed in the context of the all-Russian political situation. The systemic crisis in all spheres of the state's life demanded new formats of their rights struggle. Under these conditions, the intelligentsia takes the initiative and develops its own style of struggle, expressed in the creation of newspapers, which will later become the print organs of the parties. For example, the newspaper "Kazakh" will become the official organ of the Alash party. Thus, the author argues that the formation of the political space in the colonial city is the result of the activities of the intelligentsia. The article uses the data of the regional archives of Kostanay, Petropavlovsk and NurSultan cities. One of the methods of this research was the historical and genetic one, which allows considering the problems in its development and identifying patterns. The use of the historical-comparative method revealed differences in the development of Kazakhstan historiography.

scholarly journals The idea of wholeness as a Russian socio-political phenomenon

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
A. Ishutin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Ideal ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
The Trinity

The purpose of this article is to identify the role and significance of the category of wholeness in the Russian socio-political and historical process. Such methods of scientific research as the retrospective method, the comparative method and the hermeneutic method are used in the article. The author of the article claims that in the context of the collapse of the project Modern and the related worldview impasse, the idea of wholeness becomes the most important ideological paradigm, and this paradigm is peculiar to the Russian socio-political, cultural and philosophical sphere. Just in the Russian worldview wholeness is an important unifying component. It is very significant that thinkers out of completely different social backgrounds and completely different political views came to the idea of wholeness. As an example, the author of the article considers the views of the writer and thinker V.F. Odoyevskiy, religious philosopher V.F. Ern and the revolutionary Marxist A.A. Bogdanov. According to the views of V.F. Odoevsky, the basis of a true worldview is the trinity of faith, knowledge and art. Such integrity also determines the socio-political ideal of the writer. According to V.F. Ern, the whole becomes the whole only on the assumption that it is beyond the borders of our world, beyond death and it is a noumenal Being. Cognizing it, humanity can only build a new socio-political ideal. A.A. Bogdanov has come to the conclusion that the task of a genuine political project facing the future is to give an integral concept of man, as well as the science of holistic knowledge — tektology, and then the harmonious development of a new united humanity will begin. The theoretical and practical significance of the article lies in the fact that in the era of social upheaval and the dominance of postmodernism, the idea of wholeness becomes again very relevant because without it any social-political and historical design is impossible.

Phonetic Laws Related to Vowels in Dialects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrokhim Omonovich Darveshov
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Areal Linguistics ◽  
Historical Reflection ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract Today, in carrying out the reforms for the development of our society, there are created full opportunities and conditions for the fulfillment of the tasks set before the Uzbek linguistics, purposeful research work is carried out on the issue of comprehensive study of our language. At the same time, the study of the features of Uzbek dialects, relying on the theoretical bases of areal linguistic research, is defined as one of the priority directions in the historical-comparative and ethnolinguistic aspects.This sphere consists of imperfect, simple descriptive and illustrative aspects, indefinite places need to learn and fill on the basis of new views, from a mental point of view. The article gives an idea of the peculiarities of the Namangan Kipchak and Karluk dialects, the historical genesis of the system of vowels, the issues areal of their prevalence and application. The phonetic-phonological linguistic character of the dialect is a comparative-historical reflection of the processes of events of features and laws. In its turn, there are described opinions about the events of umlaut in the Turkic dialects of synharmonism and Karluk dialects in Kipchak dialects related to the vowels in the Turkic languages. Key policy insights.The study through areal-typological and areal-linguistic methods, which gave Mahmud Kashgariy in Turkic languages, the initial point of any linguistic theory and conceptions, the study of dialects, their specific features, is still one of the important issues today. The emergence of areal linguistics has opened up a wide way to evaluate new issues and concepts in the field of dialectology, to solve them in new ways. Relying on the theoretical basis of dialect and slang areas in the holistic study of the language system, the fact that historical-comparative and ethnologic research is defined as one of the priority areas imposes new responsibilities on Uzbek linguistics and Uzbek linguists.

Հայերի էթնիկ զտումների և ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության իրագործման փուլերն Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում (XI-XX դդ․) (Մաս 1)

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-34
Author(s):  
Gevorg Stepanyan
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Young Turks ◽  
Implementation Stages ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Armenian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Study

THE STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF ETHNIC CLEANSING AND GENOCIDE OF ARMENIANS IN THE EASTERN CIS-CAUCASUS (11TH-20TH CC.) (PART 1) The aim of the article is to present the motives and implementation stages of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policy perpetrated towards the indigenous Armenian population during the 11th-20th centuries in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, on the basis of various primary sources (archival documents, statistical materials, periodical press, theme related literature). The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical investigation and historical-comparative analysis. The level of reliability and validity of the sources through their comprehensive study have been verified. Through the combination of facts the following phases of the history of the main issue are presented: the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus were still implemented in the 11th-18th centuries when the region regularly appeared under the invasions and dominion of various conquering nomadic tribes (Turk-Seljuks, Mongol-Tatars, Tamerlane, nomadic Turkmen tribes of Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu, Kizilbash invasions followed by the Turkish-Persian wars, Sunni Lezgins, invasions of Nader Shah and Agha Mohammad Khan). As a result, some part of the Armenian population was deported and left native lands or forcedly accepted the Muslim religion of the conquerers. The next phase of ethnic cleansing and atrocities was the period of the Armenian-Tatar clashes (1905-1906). Later, the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide was implemented at state level already during the Musavat regime of the artificial “Azerbaijan” formation (1918-1920), and finally during the Soviet regime (1920-1990). The article substantiates the fact that the indigenous Armenian population of the region was subjected to ethnic cleansing and genocide in its cradle, just as the Young Turks carried out the extermination of the Western Armenians in 1915-1916 in Western Armenia. Therefore, this policy should be described as a continuation and an integral part of the Genocide of Armenians, as the Armenian Genocide with its geographical coverage (from Cilicia to Baku), was a consequence of the implementation of a comprehensive pan-Turkic program. There are numerous references to the issue in the historical literature, though the comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies of Armenians in the Eastern CisCaucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, has not been the subject of a separate study.

Հայերի էթնիկ զտումների և ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության իրագործման փուլերն Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում (XI-XX դդ․) (Մաս Բ)

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-38
Author(s):  
Gevorg Stepanyan
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Young Turks ◽  
Implementation Stages ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Armenian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The aim of the article is to present the motives and implementation stages of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policy perpetrated towards the indigenous Armenian population during the 11th-20th centuries in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, on the basis of various primary sources (archival documents, statistical materials, periodical press, theme related literature). The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical investigation and historical-comparative analysis. The level of reliability and validity of the sources through their comprehensive study have been verified. Through the combination of facts the following phases of the history of the main issue are presented: the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus were still implemented in the 11th-18th centuries when the region regularly appeared under the invasions and dominion of various conquering nomadic tribes (Turk-Seljuks, Mongol-Tatars, Tamerlane, nomadic Turkmen tribes of Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu, Kizilbash invasions followed by the Turkish-Persian wars, Sunni Lezgins, invasions of Nader Shah and Agha Mohammad Khan). As a result, some part of the Armenian population was deported and left native lands or forcedly accepted the Muslim religion of the conquerers. The next phase of ethnic cleansing and atrocities was the period of the Armenian-Tatar clashes (1905-1906). Later, the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide was implemented at state level already during the Musavat regime of the artificial “Azerbaijan” formation (1918-1920), and finally during the Soviet regime (1920-1990). The article substantiates the fact that the indigenous Armenian population of the region was subjected to ethnic cleansing and genocide in its cradle, just as the Young Turks carried out the extermination of the Western Armenians in 1915-1916 in Western Armenia. Therefore, this policy should be described as a continuation and an integral part of the Genocide of Armenians, as the Armenian Genocide with its geographical coverage (from Cilicia to Baku), was a consequence of the implementation of a comprehensive pan-Turkic program. There are numerous references to the issue in the historical literature, though the comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, has not been the subject of a separate study.

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