scholarly journals Effect of Cassia occidentalis on Parthenium hysterophorus by way of secondary metabolites

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Jai Knox
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Biochemical Interaction ◽  
Relative Water

Cassia occidentalis is an extensive growing weed in India with some medicinal value. It has been reported to show strong biochemical interaction causing inhibition of Parthenium hysterophorus which is an obnoxious weed of today. The present study was performed to confirm its inhibition on Parthenium. Biological parameters like Seed germination, Germination velocity index, Shoot length and Root length of 10 days old Parthenium seedlings was recorded. Fresh weight (FW), Dry weight (DW) and Relative water content% (RWC) was recorded after treating the mature Parthenium plant with various aqueous leaf leachates of Cassia occidentalis. Aqueous leaf leachates of Cassia occidentalis which were prepared in different concentrations showed significant inhibition in all biological parameters on Parthenium. This study gives a strong clue regarding the potential of suppressive effect of allelochemicals present in Cassia on Parthenium.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akte ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
J Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

scholarly journals Investigation of Distinctive Morpho-Physio and Biochemical Alterations in Desi Chickpea at Seedling Stage Under Irrigation, Heat, and Combined Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Jameel ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Tariq Mahmud Shah
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Relative Water

Global climatic instabilities have become the main reason for drastic yield losses in chickpea. This shift in climate could be a great threat in the future for food security in developing countries. Chickpea production is badly hampered by heat stress coupled with drought stress, and these factors can reduce yields by 40–45%. To mitigate yield losses due these abiotic factors, irrigation supplementation could be the best strategy. The present study aimed to (i) investigate the tolerance response of 9 desi chickpea genotypes against heat stress (H), irrigation (I), and a combination of both (I+H) through morphophysiological and biochemical indices at early growth stage, and (ii) assess yield performance across multiple locations of the country. Results revealed that under irrigation treatment, all genotypes perform well, but the genotypes D-09027 and D-09013 showed best performance because, as compared to control, they retained root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, esterase activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids. Shoot length and total phenolic contents (TPC) increased in both genotypes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased in D-09027 and retained in D-09013. Catalase activity increased in D-09013 and retained in D-09027. Protease activity, total water potential and osmotic potential decreased in both genotypes and depicted high yield potential with 27 and 30% increase in yield over Bhakhar-2011 (check), respectively. In case of heat stress, maximum tolerance was found in genotypes CH104/06 and D-09013 with no change in shoot and root length, seedling dry weight, shoot fresh and dry weight, root dry weight, relative water content, turgor water potential, catalase (CAT) activity, esterase activity, increased root fresh weight, peroxidase activity (POD), ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX), and lycopene with low accumulation of protease and Malondialdehyde content (MDA). Both genotypes depicted high yield potential with 30 and 43% increase in yield over check across multiple locations of the country. Under the combined treatment, most genotypes showed good performance, while CH104/06 was selected as best performer genotype because significant of its increased root fresh weight, lycopene content, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total chlorophyll, retained shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight, total water potential, osmotic potential, relative water content, peroxidase activity (POD), catalase, esterase, and its ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and total soluble proteins (TSP) showed highest yield potential with 43% increase over check. Identified best performing and tolerant genotypes can further be employed for breeding climate-smart chickpea genotypes for sustainable production under changing climate.

Differential responses of accessions of native Australian Nicotiana species to water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondoker M. G. Dastogeer ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam ◽  
Michael G. K. Jones ◽  
Stephen J. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nicotiana Species ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water

Thirty-two accessions of four Nicotiana species (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin, Nicotiana occidentalis H.-M.Wheeler, Nicotiana simulans N. Burb. and Nicotiana umbratica N.T.Burb.) collected from wild plants in northern Australia were assessed for responses to water stress. Under moderate water stress conditions, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, and relative water content of leaves were significantly affected. However, the degree to which the accessions were affected varied considerably. Some accessions of N. simulans, N. benthamiana and N. occidentalis were significantly more affected by water stress than others. There was significant variation between accessions in leaf and shoot tip wilting times. Initial symptom expression (leaf wilting) was significantly delayed in three accessions of N. benthamiana, and in one accession of N. umbratica. The least water stress tolerant lines, two accessions each of N. benthamiana, N. occidentalis and N. simulans, exhibited advanced symptoms of water stress (shoot tip wilting) within 14–17 days of cessation of watering. This stage was significantly delayed in three accessions of N. benthamiana and two accessions N. occidentalis and one accession of each of N. simulans and N. umbratica, which showed tip wilting only after 21–24 days. There were variations among the accessions of same Nicotiana species on their tolerance to water stress. Plant responses to water stress could not be predicted from their plant biomass and leaf relative water content under well-watered conditions. Leaf chlorophyll content was variable under water stress, but did not correlate with water stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Comparison of some physiological responces to salinity and normal conditions in Sugar Beet 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Khorshid ◽  
F.A. Moghadam ◽  
I. Bernousi ◽  
S. Khayamim ◽  
A. Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Total Dry Weight

This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Iran in 2016. In this research, variations in different physiological and yield traits measurement of total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, relative water loss, root length, leaf area, root/shoot ratio, specific leaf weigh, sodium content, potassium content and proline were investigated in normal and saline condition. The results indicated that in saline condition, total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root/Shoot ratio, specific leaf weight, root length, proline and Na content were increased and the other traits were decreased. Study of correlation of traits showed that most significant difference between the two conditions was observed for the root/shoot ratio, so that, this trait has negative significant relation with total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, leaf area, root length, specific leaf weight in saline condition, but in normal condition correlation is positive and significant only in the total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dray weight and was not significant in the other traits. Step-wise regression analysis for total dry weight as dependent variable revealed that in normal condition, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and Na content expound of 93.1% and in saline condition root fresh weight, root length, Na content and proline explicate of 81.3% of total variation exist in total dry weight. Therefore, it is suggested to consider different traits in breeding programs for normal and saline conditions.

scholarly journals In vitro screening for drought tolerance of some chickpea varieties in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
UK Salma ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
TH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of the present study was to study physiological response of seven chickpea varieties viz. Binachola-2, Binachola-3, Binachola-4, Binachola-5, Binachola-6, Binachola-7 and Binachola-8 at different levels of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG).  Five different concentrations (0, 20, 35, 50, 60 g/L) of PEG 6000 was added in MS medium to create five different levels of drought stress for  in vitro screening of drought tolerant chick pea varieties. Data were recorded on germination percentage, fresh weight, shoot length, root length, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content (RWC) and proline content. The seven chickpea varieties differed significantly for different parameters in response to the drought stress. Binachola-2 and Binachola-7 showed the best performance for all the parameters studied. At the highest dose of PEG (60 g/l), in the most water deficient condition, fresh weight was recorded 0.59 g and 0.84 g, Shoot lengths of 2.10 cm and 3.75 cm, root lengths of 1.15 cm and 1.00 cm, turgid weight of 0.960 g and 0.970 g, dry weight of 0.13 g and 0.21 g, relative water contents (RWC) of 85.71% and 83.33% were recorded in Binachola-2 and Binachola-7, respectively. Increased proline content was recorded with the increasing level of PEG concentration. Proline content 0.533g/100g FW and 0.598g/100g FW were observed in Binachola-2 and Binachola-7, respectively under the influence of PEG at 60 g/l. Data recorded for Binachola-3, Binachola-4, Binachola-5, Binachola-6 and Binachola-8 for the studied parameters revealed that they showed susceptible response against higher drought stress level gen­erated by PEG. The data of this experiment revealed that, the accumulation of proline was significantly greater under drought stress. Thus, it is evident that Binachola-2 and Binachola-7 performed better against drought stress condition. These results of physiological and biochemical parameters may be utilized as a selection indicator for breeding program and used as a baseline for improvement of chickpea varieties in Bangladesh.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 110-118, 2016

scholarly journals Screening of Some Traditional Rice Cultivars of Assam, India, for Their Response to Arsenic-Induced Abiotic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotirmay Kalita ◽  
Bhaben Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Calculated Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Traditional Rice ◽  
High Arsenic

Rice is the staple food of more than 700 million people in the world and the most important food crop in Assam, India. However, the metalloid arsenic, which is widespread in the groundwater of many parts of Assam, adversely affects the productivity of different crops, including rice. In this study, seedlings of 23 different traditional rice cultivars were subjected to 0.5 mg/L (low) and 0.8 mg/L (high) arsenic under hydroponic conditions, and various growth parameters (viz., relative water content, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content) were recorded. The cultivars showed varying degrees of susceptibility, as observed by the changes in the different morphological and physiological parameters under arsenic-induced stress. The calculated stress response indices revealed that the cultivar ‘Monasali’ had the best overall tolerance at the high arsenic concentration, whereas ‘Biyoi Sali,’ ‘Baismuthi,’ and ‘Bora’ were most susceptible. On the basis of these observations, ‘Monasali’ was determined as an arsenic-tolerant cultivar, but further biochemical and molecular studies are needed to verify this.

scholarly journals PENGARUH ASAM GIBERELAT (GA3) DAN KALIUM NITRAT (KNO3) SERTA INTERAKSINYA TERHADAP SENESCENCE BUNGA POTONG GERBERA PUTIH (Gerbera jamesonii).

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Maulidina Agustin ◽  
Martha Lulus Lande ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Concentration Levels

The purpose of this study was to decide whether the mixture of KNO3 and GA3 solutions was more effective than a single solution of KNO3 or GA3 in maintaining the freshness of cut flowers. The study was conducted at the Botanical Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung from November - December 2017. The research was carried out in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment with reason A was the GA3 solution with 3 concentration levels: 0%, 0.5%, and 1%. Factor B is KNO3 solution with 2 concentration levels: 0% and 5%. The limits in this study were fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content, and total dissolved carbohydrate content of gerbera cut flowers, qualitative limits were the level of reducing sugars. Measurements were made 7 days after soaking cut flowers in KNO3 or GA3 solutions, and a mixture of both. Homogeneity of variance and analysis of variance were determined at a significant level of 5%. Simple effect of KNO3 at each concentration level of GA3 decide by F test at 5% significance level. The results showed that GA3 with a concentration of 0.25% and 0.5% increased the fresh weight and dry weight of Gerbera cut flowers. KNO3 0.5% much reduced the relative water content of Gerbera cut flowers. The interaction between GA3 and KNO3 does not much effect all freshness of cut flowers. From the results of the study concluded that the single treatment of GA3 was more effective than the combination treatment of GA3 and KNO3 in maintaining the freshness of Gerbera cut flowers.

scholarly journals The Allelopathic Effects Characteristics of Fresh Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Leaves Extract on the Germination and Growth of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa L.) Sprouts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Dian Putri Sani ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayani ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Martha Lulus Lande
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Germination And Growth

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) leaves extract on the germination and growth of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa L.). This study employed the completely randomized design with Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) leaves extract as the primary factor within 5 levels of concentration, namely 0% v/v, 5% v/v, 10% v/v, 15% v/v, and 20% v/v. The treatments were repeated 5 times. The variables measured in this study were root length, fresh and dry weight (aerial part and root), the length of aerial part, relative water content, and the total count of chlorophyll a,b. The homogeneity of the data was tested using the Levene statistics. The results showed that allelopathy of the Jatropha caused a stimulatory effect on the fresh weight and the dry weight of the sprouts with a maximum concentration of 10% v/V. The fresh weight increased from 38.22 to 49.16 or 22.25% while the dry weight increased from 3.40 to 4.42 or 23.07%. Karakteristik Efek Alelopati Ekstrak Air Daun Segar Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Terhadap Perkecambahan Dan Pertumbuhan Kecambah Sawi Pakcoy (Brasicca Rapa L.) Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak air daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah sawi pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan faktor utamanya adalah ekstrak air daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dengan 5 taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0% v/v, 5% v/v, 10% v/v, 15% v/v, dan 20% v/v sebagai perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5x. Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini panjang akar, berat segar dan berat kering (aerial part dan akar), panjang aerial part, kadar air relative, dan kandungan klorofil a,b serta total kecambah. Data yang diperoleh di homogenitas dengan uji Levene. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alelopati dari jarak pagar menyebabkan efek stimulasi terhadap berat segar kecambah dan berat kering kecambah dengan konsentrasi maksimum 10% v/v. Berat segar mengalami peningkatan dari 38,22 menjadi 49,16 atau sebesar 22,25% sedangkan berat kering mengalami peningkatan dari 3,40 menjadi 4,42 atau sebesar 23,07%.

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Potassium Nitrate (KNO3): The Influence and Interaction inThe Senescence Process in White Rosa Sp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Nur Jannah Cortesa ◽  
Martha Lulus Lande ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
White Rose

The purpose of this study was to find out whether the combination of KNO3 and GA3 solutions were more effective than a single solution of KNO3 or GA3 in keeping the freshness of cut flowers. The research was conducted in Botanical Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Lampung from November to December 2017. The experiment was conducted in 2 x 3 factorial experiment with factor A is GA3 solution with 3 concentration level: 0% w/v, 25% w/v, and 0.5% w/v. Factor B is KNO3 solution with 2 concentration levels: 0% w/v and 5% w/v. The parameters of this study were fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content, total chlorophyll content, total chlorophyll of leaves, and total carbohydrate content of rose cut flowers. Measurements were made 7 days after the immersion of cut flowers in KNO3 or GA3 solution, and mixed both. Homogeneity of variance and analysis of variance is determined at confidence level 5%. KNO3 simple effect at every level of GA3 concentration is determined by the F test at 5%. The results showed that there was no interaction between GA3 and KNO3 to fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content and chlorophyll content a, b and total white roses, but KNO3 reduced fresh weight of cut flowers by 48.15% and dry weight 58.60%. KNO3 increased the relative water content of white rose flowers by 6.85%. The results of the study concluded that the combination of GA3 and KNO3 is not effective to keep the freshness of white rose flowers cut.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

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