scholarly journals Para uma análise semântica de para locativo em construções estativas

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-279
Author(s):  
Fátima Oliveira ◽  
Luís Filipe Cunha ◽  
António Leal ◽  
Purificação Silvano ◽  
Fátima Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Subject

In this paper, we put forward a semantic analysis of constructions of prepositional phrases introduced by the preposition para with a locative meaning combined with the verbs ser, estar and ficar. In this proposal, we characterise these constructions regarding the properties individual-level/ stage-level, modal reading, and vagueness of the location, as well as restrictions imposed on the subject related to some lexical semantic features, in particular [movable] and [animated] features. Additionally, we contrast these constructions to the ones introduced by the preposition em (typically locative), revealing to what extent they differ from each other.

scholarly journals VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT DOUBT BY MEANS OF EPISTEMIC MODALITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 240-252
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Nizhnik
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Epistemic Modality ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Weak Force ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

The article considers verbalization of the DOUBT concept by means of epistemic modality, namely epistemically marked words and phrases. The relevance of the study is due to the tendency to study epistemic modality (Palmer F., Halliday M.), epistemic words (Biber D., Wierzbicka A.), phrases of harmonious / disharmonious type (Aijmer K., Hoye L.) and intensifier words (Quirk R.). However, the verbalization of the DOUBT concept by these units has not yet been studied. The object of research is the ways of verbalization of the DOUBT concept by means of epistemic modality, and the subject of research is the meaning of epistemic words and phrases Adv + V / V + Adv, Modal V + Adv, Adv + Adj, Adj + N, where the main words are epistemically marked words, and adverbs and adjectives act as modifiers and intensifiers of meaning. Material of the research ‒ dictionary definitions of epistemic words, word combinations of epistemic words with adverbs-intensifiers in the Oxford Collocations Dictionary, modern English fiction from the 90s of the XX century until now. The research methodology consists in using component analysis of epistemic words to determine words with the “uncertain” seme, lexical-semantic analysis to distinguish verbalizing words of the DOUBT concept, in analyzing the compatibility of epistemic words with intensifier words and pragmatic analysis of epistemic words and phrases. The results of the study are the identification of the semantic features that are inherent in the words verbalizing the concept DOUBT and their grouping by semantic features. Studies of harmonic / disharmonious type phrases allow to refer to the phrases-verbalizers of the DOUBT concept those that contain units that express a weak force of modality (e.g. could possibly), and those whose meaning is modified by intensifier words in the direction of intensification of uncertainty (e.g. will possibly). In the phrases Adv + V / V + Adv, Adv + Adj, Adj + N the influence of the adverb of degree on the meaning of the phrase was traced. The compatibility of epistemic words to denote the DOUBT concept and epistemic words of confidence and probability with amplifiers, emphasizers and downtoners (Quirk R. terms) has been studied. It has been found that the use of epistemic words of confidence and probability with downtoners mitigates the confidence of such a phrase and contributes to its attribution (e.g. hardly believe) to the traditional verbalizers of the DOUBT concept.

scholarly journals Lexical-Semantic Analysis of “Allah” Component Expressions In Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s Novels

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muazzama Foziliya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
National Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Common ◽  
Turkish Language

This article discusses the study of phraseology, one of the most interesting fields of study in world linguistics. Research in Uzbek and Turkish linguistics has been commented on. In Uzbek linguistics, attention is paid to the issue of grouping according to the meaning, lexical, methodological and semantic features of phraseology, and some shortcomings are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the semantic classification of phraseologies, the interpretation of complex phrases. It is explained by the scientific views of Turkish linguists on phraseology, the terms “idiom”, “expression”. It is also argued that the common features of phraseology in all languages of the world are the same, and in the language of writers the use of phraseology to give national identity. Lexical-semantic analysis of phraseologies and phrases refers to the national language, which reflects similarities in the worldview, religion and customs of the speaking population. At the same time, the phraseology used in the Ottoman period in the Turkish language was analyzed lexically and semantically. For this purpose, the author Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels “Choliqushi” (“Çalıkuşu”), “The Enemy of a Woman” (“Bir Kadin Düşmanı”) were chosen as a source. In his novels, Rashod Nuri Guntekin notes that the protagonists used a lot of rhetoric to ensure nationalism in their speech, and that no other can be used in their place. Praising the author’s writing skills, the phraseology in his novels is analyzed lexically and semantically based on certain components. Accordingly, the expressions used by the author in the two works are classified according to a certain system. Author Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels, on the other hand, contain a variety of components. Turkish writer Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels “Cholikushi” and “The Enemy of a Woman” often use the phrase “Allah” and are used by the author to express various meanings.

scholarly journals The Detective and Sensation Fiction of Wilkie Collins: A Computational Lexical-Semantic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulfattah Omar
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Wilkie Collins ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Sensation Fiction ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Genre Classification ◽  
Textual Content

Theme and genre classifications in the works of Wilkie Collins (1824-89) have been extensively investigated using different literary approaches; these are usually based on textual content and biographical considerations. Different critics place Collins’ works under the two main headings of detective fiction and sensation fiction. Such analyses have been generated by what is referred to as the ‘philological method’; that is, by an individual critic’s reading of the relevant material and their intuitive abstraction of generalizations from that reading. A problem with such an approach is that it is not objective, and it is therefore unreliable. The research question is thus asked in response to the subjectivity of previous genre classifications of the novels of Wilkie Collins and the lack of agreement among literary critics and researchers about such classifications. As such, I ask whether an objective and conceptually useful reading of the themes and subjects of Wilkie Collins’ prose fiction texts can be developed. As thus, computational lexical-semantics is suggested to understand the issues of thematic classification. For this purpose, vector space clustering (VSC) was used for capturing the lexical-semantic features of his novels and linking them explicitly to the relevant themes and genres. It is suggested that through this method, an objective, replicable, and reliable genre classification of Collins’ novels is possible. The results of this study can serve as a basis for future studies and criticisms of Wilkie Collins’ fiction.

scholarly journals CAT AND DOG CONCEPTS AS COMPONENTS OF THE ENGLISH WORLDVIEW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Novikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
World View ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
English Culture

The subject of the study is the linguistic objectification of the concepts of CAT and DOG in lexicographic sources, due to the national culture and mentality of English speakers (The British). The paper aims at identifying the objectification features of CAT and DOG concepts in the British linguoculture. The significance of CAT and DOG concepts is motivated by the degree of verbal explication and their value in English culture. In our work, the reconstruction of English world view fragments, marked by CAT and DOG concepts, was carried out on the material of lexical units. The purpose and problem is due to the use of the following methods: general scientific (abstraction, generalization, formalization, induction, deduction), empirical-theoretical (analysis, synthesis) and special (lexical-semantic analysis – to clarify the semantic potential of the concept name; dictionary definition method – to clarify the semantics of possible verbalizers of the concept, determine its name and description of the conceptual component; elements of etymological analysis – to explain the content of the concept verbalizer. Verbal nominations, representing CAT and DOG concepts, are interpreted as fixators of knowledge about objects, explicitly expressed in language. CAT and DOG concepts have a concrete-subject character, they correlate with the objective reality – a discrete, objectively available material object of reality. As a result of the definitive analysis and based on the definition of the nominative token cat and dog, we distinguished 12 generalized meanings that form the denotation CAT concept and 14 generalized meanings that produce the denotation of DOG concept. The conceptual basis of CAT and DOG concepts is expanded with the help of additional semantic features, taking into account the cognitive-semantic analysis of synonymous equivalents of the nouns cat and dog.

scholarly journals Nominal Constructions of the Vertical Level in the Yakut Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
I. B. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Nominal Structure ◽  
Imaginative Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vertical Level

At present, the grammatical and semantic study of nominal constructions as a means of conveying metrological concepts is believed to reveal the general picture of the study of the functional grammar of the Yakut (Saha) language. Widespread constructions obtained by the method of continuous sampling from Yakut imaginative literature and folklore serve as the material of the research. The purpose of the article is to identify the structural and semantic features of the expression of nominal structures on the material of the Yakut language. As the subject matter of the research, we chose constructions of a nominal type, expressing the height / growth of an object, the depth of substances, and the length of hanging objects.It is postulated that in the Yakut language, typical constructions with the instrumental affix -nan and with the dative affix -ar, -gar in combination with the postpositions dieri, dyly and tiye ʻdo, up to’ as means of expressing the level differ from each other not only in their structure, but also semantically. To identify the grammatical and semantic features of nominal constructions with the meaning of the level, different techniques have been used: morphoglossing, taking into account the linguistic specificity of the language, based on the Leipzig rules for the representation of texts, metalanguage transmission of the meaning of the level, description of semantic groups and subgroups, semantic analysis of the nominal structure.The basic nominal and postpositional constructions with the meaning of the level are presented; the component composition of the studied units is described; considered and described is also the semantic structure of qualitative-adverbial units with quantitative meaning. Based on the material of the studied units, it has been established that the situation of measuring the vertical level has its own cognitive significance, which is mostly associated with anthropocentrism. The main names of body parts with the instrumental affix -nan, capable of acting as level indicators, except for harah ʻeyesʼ, haas ʻebrowsʼ, uos ʻlip(s)ʼ, tis ʻtooth(s)ʼ, and other parts of a person’s face are revealed. Constructions with the instrumental case preposition -nan are more static and are mainly used with the verbs of being; the constructions with the dative affix -gar and the postpositions dyly, dieri, tiye ʻdo, up toʼ show more dynamics, thanks to the verbs of movement and achievement.

Caracterización formal y semántica del sujeto y del objeto directo léxicos en construcciones transitivas en la historia del español

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-83
Author(s):  
Javier Puerma Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThe main objective of this research is to characterize the form and the semantics of the transitive arguments lexical subject and direct object in transitive constructions throughout the history of the Spanish language. Firstly, this paper presents the analysis of the internal structural complexity of the subject and the direct object. Secondly, it shows the evolution of the features ±human and ±concrete of both arguments. The hypothesis is that Spanish has experienced a weakening of the typical lexical-semantic features of transitive arguments in parallel to an increase of their internal structural complexity. The quantitative evidence is supported by z statistic proof.

scholarly journals When Peanuts Fall in Love: N400 Evidence for the Power of Discourse

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1098-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mante S. Nieuwland ◽  
Jos J. A. Van Berkum
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Context Free

In linguistic theories of how sentences encode meaning, a distinction is often made between the context-free rule-based combination of lexical-semantic features of the words within a sentence (“semantics”), and the contributions made by wider context (“pragmatics”). In psycholinguistics, this distinction has led to the view that listeners initially compute a local, context-independent meaning of a phrase or sentence before relating it to the wider context. An important aspect of such a two-step perspective on interpretation is that local semantics cannot initially be overruled by global contextual factors. In two spoken-language event-related potential experiments, we tested the viability of this claim by examining whether discourse context can overrule the impact of the core lexical-semantic feature animacy, considered to be an innate organizing principle of cognition. Two-step models of interpretation predict that verb-object animacy violations, as in “The girl comforted the clock,” will always perturb the unfolding interpretation process, regardless of wider context. When presented in isolation, such anomalies indeed elicit a clear N400 effect, a sign of interpretive problems. However, when the anomalies were embedded in a supportive context (e.g., a girl talking to a clock about his depression), this N400 effect disappeared completely. Moreover, given a suitable discourse context (e.g., a story about an amorous peanut), animacy-violating predicates (“the peanut was in love”) were actually processed more easily than canonical predicates (“the peanut was salted”). Our findings reveal that discourse context can immediately overrule local lexical-semantic violations, and therefore suggest that language comprehension does not involve an initially context-free semantic analysis.

scholarly journals Lexical-Semantic Analysis of Various Component Phraseology in Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s Novels

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muazzama Foziliya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
National Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The Common ◽  
Turkish Language

This article discusses one of the most interesting scientific disciplines in world linguistics, the study of phraseology. Research in Uzbek and Turkish linguistics has been commented on. In Uzbek linguistics, attention is paid to the issue of grouping according to the meaning, lexical, methodological and semantic features of phraseology, and some shortcomings are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the semantic classification of phraseologies, the interpretation of complex phrases. It is explained by the scientific views of Turkish linguists on phraseology, the terms “idiom”, “expression”. It is also argued that the common features of phraseology in all languages of the world are the same, and in the language of writers the use of phraseology to give national identity. Lexical-semantic analysis of phraseologies and phrases refers to the national language, which reflects similarities in the worldview, religion and customs of the speaking population. At the same time, the phraseology used in the Ottoman period in the Turkish language was analyzed lexically and semantically. For this purpose, the author Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels “Çalıkuşu” (Cholikushi), “Bir Kadin Düşmanı” (An Enemy of a Woman) were chosen as a source. In his novels, Rashod Nuri Guntekin notes that the protagonists used a lot of rhetoric to ensure nationalism in their speech, and that no other can be used in their place. Praising the author’s writing skills, the phraseology in his novels is analyzed lexically and semantically based on certain components. Accordingly, the expressions used by the author in the two works are classified according to a certain system. Author Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels, on the other hand, contain a variety of components. Turkish writer Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels “Cholikushi” and “An Enemy of a Woman” contain various component expressions and the author uses them to express different meanings.

scholarly journals MEANS AND METHODS OF EXPRESSING THE SENSES IN ENGLISH PREFIXAL VERBS

10.23856/4202 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Anna Dudok
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Verbal Prefix ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Relationship

The paper dwells upon the systematic description of English verbal prefixes. The verbal prefix is to be treated in the paradigmatic and syntagmatic plane of the language. It is asserted in this article that the meaning of a prefix is identical to that of the preposition – the relationship between two objects in space extrapolating on two consecutive states of the subject/object in time, and when generalized, form the two types of senses. Such prefix features as origin, transporting opportunity, negation and valency are considered, as well as semantic features (such as polysemy and chains of synonyms). In semantic analysis we deal with semes as the meaning constituents defining basic and secondary semes. The process of the formation of different senses has been distinguished by means of semantic opposition and combinations of semes that form the invariant meaning of the verbal prefix.

scholarly journals A syntactic and Semantic Analysis of the Tὲὲ Verb Phrase

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Gbene-Nnah, Dumdebabari
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rivers State

This study descriptively analyses the syntactic and semantic features of the Tὲὲ verb phrase. It also analyses the structure of the verb phrase in Tὲὲ, a language spoken in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State.  The verb phrase is a syntactic unit composed of at least one verb and its dependents and other modifiers but not always including the subject. The verb is central in every language coupled with the fact that it is the most important and widely described phrase because the structure of and the meanings expressed in many languages revolves around the verb word. The research focuses to explore the peculiarities of the verb phrase in the language focusing basically on the structure of the verb phrase and the meaning generated thereof. It focuses on the features of the verb phrase in Tὲὲ; the constituent that make it up, their arrangement as well as the meaning attributed by such arrangements. The primary data for this work were collected using the intuitive knowledge of the researcher as a native speaker verified with unstructured interview with competent native speakers.  From the analysis of the data collected, the researcher discovered that the verb phrase in Tὲὲ can have various configurations. The constituents that may combine with the head of a verb phrase to project it into a larger structure are the complements and the adjuncts. The complement of the verb phrase can be the noun phrase, the prepositional phrase and the inherent complement. The adverbial functions both as complement and adjunct in the language.

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