The skin is an organ that serves many functions in maintaining homeostasis in the body (Bryant, 2000). A wide range of diseases manifest in changes in the skin and its appendages, and because the skin is visible and its disorders are often disfiguring, skin disorders can cause emotional and psychological stress for children and their families (Ball & Bindler, 2007). Skin diseases affect 20–33% of the population at any one time, seriously interfering with activities in 10% (Byrant, 2000). Epidemiological evidence suggests that many cases of skin disease do not reach the general practitioner (GP) or even the local pharmacist; nevertheless, each year about 15% of the population consult their GPs about skin complaints (Bryant, 2000). Skin disorders are among the most common health problems in children (Butcher & White, 2005). The infant and child are possibly more vulnerable to the effects of skin disorders and breakdown due to their underdeveloped integumentary system. Understanding the normal condition of the skin can help in the identification of abnormal signs and prompt treatment of skin disorders (Butcher & White, 2005). This chapter will focus on the integumentary system of the child, with reference to the normal structure of the skin together with common alterations and injuries to the skin of the child and the skills required for their nursing management. At the end of this chapter you should be able to do the following: ● Understand the normal child skin anatomy and physiology. ● Understand the fundamentals of a skin assessment in a child. ● Develop an awareness of the management of common skin alterations. ● Understand the nature and treatment of a child with a skin injury. The skin of an infant or child is normally fundamentally the same as that of an adult, although the blood and nerve supplies are immature and the dermis thinner, with less collagen and fewer elastic fibres. This means that the skin is fragile and can be more easily damaged through physical and mechanical trauma (Turnball, 2007). The skin of a newborn is found to have lanugo, which is a very fine, soft, and unpigmented coat of hairs covering its body until it is shed about 14 days after birth.