Pengaruh Pemberian Air Rebusan Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

The most common cause of patalogis leucorrhoea is infection, one of which is Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) caused by fungus, while 80% -90% is caused by Candida albicans. Approximately 90% of young women in Indonesia have the potential to experience vaginal discharge because Indonesia is a tropical climate. Alternative treatment for antifungal drugs is needed through the exploration of natural material sources that have the potential as antifungals to deal with this infection safely and easily. The design used in this study was experimental research by in vitro using the dilution method of the tube. Treatment concentrations are 45%; 40%; 35%; 30%; 25%; 20%, 15% and 0% with Candida albicans 104 CFU / ml samples from the microbiology laboratory of the medical faculty Brawijaya University and repeated 3 times. The result showed that at all concentrations, growth was still obtained in agar media so that it could be denied that the boiled water of avocado seeds had no effect on the growth of Candida albicans fungal colonies in vitro because there were still fungal colonies on the plates.

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Potensi Ekstrak Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) Menghambat Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

Medical Laboratory Technology Journal ◽

10.31964/mltj.v2i2.94 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Annisa Rahmi ◽

Erpan Roebiakto ◽

Leka Lutpiatina

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

Kaempferia Galanga ◽

Regression Test ◽

Tube Dilution Method

<p style="text-align: justify;">Candida albicans infection is the cause of candidiasis. Candidiasis treatment can be done with a variety of antifungal drugs, one of them is rhizome of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.). The Rhizome of kencur is selected as a traditional medicine because it contains chemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins and essential oil that serves as an antifungal. This study aimed to determine the minimal inhibitory and minimal killing power and also an influence of kencur rhizome extract on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. This research was true experimental design with posttest only control group design with tube dilution method. Results of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) research showed there was no clarity at concentration of 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, and it shows clarity at concentration of 50 mg/mL and 60 mg/mL. Results of Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) showed the number of colonies at concentration of 20 mg/mL were 84 colonies, concentration of 30 mg/mL were 48 colonies, concentration of 40 mg/mL were 27 colonies, concentration of mg/mL were 12 colonies and concentration of 60 mg/mL were 0 colony. Based on linear regression test, the result showed significance value of 0.000 <ɑ = 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is a kencur rhizome extract influence on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro with minimal inhibitory concentrations is the concentration of 50 mg/mL and the minimal bactericidal concentrations 60 mg/mL. Further studies are required regarding kencur rhizome extract (Kaempferia galanga L.) in inhibiting and bactericidal microorganisms other than Candida albicans.

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Biodegradable polymers-based nanoparticles to enhance the antifungal efficacy of fluconazole against Candida albicans

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201022666210708105142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Noha Saleh ◽

Soha Elshaer ◽

Germeen Girgis

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Water Solubility ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Double Emulsion ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Antifungal Efficacy

Background: Fluconazole (FLZ), a potent antifungal medication, is characterized by poor water solubility that reduced its antifungal efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to prepare FLZ-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) by using different polymers and techniques as a mean of enhancing the antifungal activity of FLZ. Methods: NP1, NP2, and NP3 were prepared by the double emulsion/solvent evaporation method using PLGA, PCL, and PLA, respectively. The ionotropic pre-gelation technique was applied to prepare an alginate/chitosan-based formulation (NP4). Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity were characterized. FT-IR spectra of FLZ, the polymers, and the prepared NPs were estimated. NP4 was selected for further in-vitro release evaluation. The broth dilution method was used to assess the antifungal activity of NP4 using a resistant clinical isolate of Candida albicans. Results: The double emulsion method produced smaller-sized particles (<390 nm) but with much lower encapsulation efficiency (< 12%). Alternatively, the ionic gelation method resulted in nanosized particles with a markedly higher encapsulation efficiency of about 40%. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the loading of the FLZ molecules in the polymeric network of the prepared NPs. The release profile of NP4 showed a burst initial release followed by a controlled pattern up to 24 hours with a higher percent released relative to the free FLZ suspension. NP4 was able to reduce the value of MIC of FLZ by 20 times. Conclusion: The antifungal activity of FLZ against C. albicans was enhanced markedly via its loading in the alginate/chitosan-based polymeric matrix of NP4.

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In Vitro Antifungal Activities of a Series of Dication-Substituted Carbazoles, Furans, and Benzimidazoles

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.42.10.2503 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (10) ◽

pp. 2503-2510 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Maurizio Del Poeta ◽

Wiley A. Schell ◽

Christine C. Dykstra ◽

Susan K. Jones ◽

Richard R. Tidwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Inhibitory Compounds ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fluconazole Resistant ◽

Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Aromatic dicationic compounds possess antimicrobial activity against a wide range of eucaryotic pathogens, and in the present study an examination of the structures-functions of a series of compounds against fungi was performed. Sixty-seven dicationic molecules were screened for their inhibitory and fungicidal activities againstCandida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The MICs of a large number of compounds were comparable to those of the standard antifungal drugs amphotericin B and fluconazole. Unlike fluconazole, potent inhibitory compounds in this series were found to have excellent fungicidal activities. The MIC of one of the most potent compounds against C. albicans was 0.39 μg/ml, and it was the most potent compound against C. neoformans (MIC, ≤0.09 μg/ml). Selected compounds were also found to be active againstAspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani,Candida species other than C. albicans, and fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans and C. neoformans. Since some of these compounds have been safely given to animals, these classes of molecules have the potential to be developed as antifungal agents.

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Comparative pathogenicity of auxotrophic mutants of Candida albicans

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m84-005 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Marcia Manning ◽

Christina B. Snoddy ◽

Robert. A. Fromtling

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Parent Strain ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Mouse Serum ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Auxotrophic Mutants ◽

Growth Requirements ◽

Induced Mutant

An induced mutant of Candida albicans with greatly decreased virulence for mice is described. The mutant was one of five auxotrophic mutants obtained by ultraviolet irradiation of a clinical isolate (strain MY 1044). The five mutants included two methionine auxotrophs, one methionine–cysteine auxotroph, one temperature-sensitive serine auxotroph, and one auxotroph with unknown growth requirements. Each of the mutants produced normal mycelium and had a normal profile of susceptibility to four antifungal drugs. The virulence of each mutant was compared with the parent strain by LD50 determination in mice. Four of the five auxotrophs exhibited LD50's that were not significantly different from the parent strain (mean LD50 = 7.5 × 105 cells). However, the temperature-sensitive serine auxotroph was significantly less virulent than the parent strain (LD50 > 107 cells), even though it grew well in vivo and in mouse serum at 37 °C in vitro. Use of this mutant in conjunction with its "isogenic" parent should help to elucidate true virulence factors in C. albicans.

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Effect of antimycotic agents on the activity of aspartyl proteinases secreted by Candida albicans

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.05048-0 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 247-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Martin Schaller ◽

Nikola Krnjaic ◽

Markus Niewerth ◽

Gerald Hamm ◽

Bernhard Hube ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Amphotericin B ◽

Proteinase Inhibitors ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Antimycotic Agent ◽

Pepstatin A ◽

Aspartyl Proteinases

The inhibitory effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteinase inhibitors amprenavir and saquinavir and antifungal agents terbinafine, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and ciclopiroxolamine on aspartyl proteinases (Saps) secreted by Candida albicans was tested in an in vitro spectophotometric assay. As expected, both HIV proteinase inhibitors showed a significant inhibitory effect on Sap activity, which was comparable to that of the classical aspartyl proteinase inhibitor pepstatin A (P < 0.001). Antifungal drugs such as ketoconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B had no, or only minor, inhibitory effects on proteolytic activity. In contrast, a significant reduction in Sap activity could be demonstrated during treatment with the antifungal agent ciclopiroxolamine (P < 0.001). These results point to a multiple effect of this antimycotic agent and might explain the reduced adherence of C. albicans to human epithelial cells at subinhibitory doses.

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BAR Domain Proteins Rvs161 and Rvs167 Contribute to Candida albicans Endocytosis, Morphogenesis, and Virulence

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00683-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 77 (9) ◽

pp. 4150-4160 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Lois M. Douglas ◽

Stephen W. Martin ◽

James B. Konopka

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Membrane Function ◽

Histatin 5 ◽

Essentially Normal ◽

Altered Cell

ABSTRACT The Candida albicans plasma membrane plays critical roles in growth and virulence and as a target for antifungal drugs. Three C. albicans genes that encode Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs homology domain proteins were mutated to define their roles in plasma membrane function. The deletion of RVS161 and RVS167, but not RVS162, caused strong defects. The rvs161Δ mutant was more defective in endocytosis and morphogenesis than rvs167Δ, but both were strongly defective in polarizing actin patches. Other plasma membrane constituents were still properly localized, including a filipin-stained domain at the hyphal tips. An analysis of growth under different in vitro conditions showed that the rvs161Δ and rvs167Δ mutants grew less invasively in agar and also suggested that they have defects in cell wall synthesis and Rim101 pathway signaling. These mutants were also more resistant to the antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 but showed essentially normal responses to the drugs caspofungin and amphotericin. Surprisingly, the rvs161Δ mutant was more sensitive to fluconazole, whereas the rvs167Δ mutant was more resistant, indicating that these mutations cause overlapping but distinct effects on cells. The rvs161Δ and rvs167Δ mutants both showed greatly reduced virulence in mice. However, the mutants were capable of growing to high levels in kidneys. Histological analyses of infected kidneys revealed that these rvsΔ mutants grew in a large fungal mass that was walled off by leukocytes, rather than forming disseminated microabscesses as seen for the wild type. The diminished virulence is likely due to a combination of the morphogenesis defects that reduce invasive growth and altered cell wall construction that exposes proinflammatory components to the host immune system.

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Identification of 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives against Lanosterol 14 - demethylase (CYP51) property of Candida albicans: Influence on the development of new antifungal therapeutic strategies

10.20944/preprints202108.0359.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abhishek Kumar Verma ◽

Aarfah Majid ◽

Md. Shahadat Hossain ◽

Sk. Faisal Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Ashid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Binding Affinities ◽

Modern Drug ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

High Binding Affinity

This research aims to find out whether the synthetic 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have antifungal effects and can protect humans from infection with Candida albicans. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation are widely used in modern drug design to target a We are interested in using molecular docking and molecular dynamics modelling to investigate the interaction between the derivatives of 1, 2, 4-triazine and the resulting lanosterol 14 - demethylase (CYP51) of Candida albicans The inhibition of Candida albicans CYP51 is the main goal of our research. The 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have been docked to the CYP51 enzyme, which is involved in Candida albicans Multidrug Drug Resistance (MDR). Autodock tools were used to identifying the binding affinities of molecules against the target proteins. Compared to conventional fluconazole, the molecular docking results indicated that each drug has a high binding affinity for CYP51 proteins and forms unbound interactions and hydrogen bonds with their active residues and surrounding allosteric residues. The docking contacts were made using a 10 ns MD simulation with nine molecules. RMSD, RMSF, hydrogen bonds, and the Rg all confirm these conclusions. In addition, these compounds were expected to have a favorable pharmacological profile and low toxicity. The compounds are being offered as scaffolds for the development of new antifungal drugs and as candidates for future in vitro testing.

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Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antihelminthic Properties of Ethanolic, Methanolic and Water Extracts of Pollen

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53b33682 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 78-88

Author(s):

Anita Rana

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Diffusion Assay ◽

Broth Dilution

Microorganisms and helminthes can cause serious diseases in humans as well as in animals. The use of antimicrobial and antihelminthic drugs have created selective pressure and caused resistance to antibiotics used against them, thus it necessitates the use of honey bee’s derived natural products. One such bee derived product is pollen, collected by worker honey bees from the flowering plants and modify it by adding its salivary secretions. The present study embodies use of pollen as antimicrobial and antihelminthic substance. Among microorganisms 4 Gram (+ve) bacteria; (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and 3 Gram (-ve) bacteria; (Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteric) and 2 yeasts (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used and the methodology used disc diffusion assay and broth dilution method. The antihelminthic effect was observed among amphistomes via bioassay method under in vitro conditions. For observations three types of pollen extracts (ethanolic, methanolic and water extract) were prepared and positive controls used were; Ampicillin for antibacterial, Amphotericin B for antifungal and Albendazole for anti-helminthes. The antimicrobial activities were determined by measuring the zones of inhibition diameters in millimeters after 24 hours of incubation at optimum temperature for each microbe and also by broth dilution method. Results obtained showed that the water extract of pollen was found to be most effective against bacteria used in the present study where; Gram (+ve) bacteria were more susceptible as compared to the Gram (-ve) bacteria. It was also observed that among yeasts; Saccharomyces cerevisiae was more susceptible towards ethanolic extract of pollen while Candida albicans showed more inhibitions towards water extract of pollen. Results also demonstrated that none of the extracts of pollen was found to be effective against Helminthes (amphistomes) used in the present study.

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Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.5.2.2017.17370 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Ramschie ◽

Pieter L. Suling ◽

Krista V. Siagian

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Control Group ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design

Abstract: Noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaves contain antraquinon, atsiri oil, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, and sterol that have been proved can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study was aimed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni leaf extract against Candida abicans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. We used serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni leaves were extracted by using maceration with 96% ethanol. Candida albicans fungi were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The turbidimetry test using three repetitions showed that the MIC of noni leaf extract against Candida albicans was 6.25% meanwhile the spectrophotometry test established 12.5% as the MIC of noni leaf extract. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans was 12.5%.Keywords: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Abstrak: Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung antraquinon, minyak atsiri, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan sterol yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Jamur Candida albicans diambil dari stok jamur Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian turbidimetri dengan tiga kali perlakuan mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25% sedangkan pengujian spektrofotometri mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.Kata kunci: mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candia albicans, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM)

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