Karakterisasi Serbuk Timah dari Sistem Atomisasi Gas Argon Panas - Sub Sistem Gas Alir Tabung Gas

<p class="Abstract">The tin powder was used in some applications and technology such as for part manufacture through alloying, pressing, and sintering process, mixing material for the pyrotechnic application, the main material for solder pasta, mixing material on tin chemical, and others. Therefore, the demand for tin powder with a small size, spherical shape, and high purity is increasing severely. Indonesia (PT. Timah Tbk.) is one of the world’s largest producers of tin raw materials. This raw material can be processed be as powder by the atomization method. In this research, hot argon gas atomization system was used to generated tin powder. Raw tin was melted in a melting chamber with temperature variations of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C. This experiment generates powder with a dominant size of 37 – 150 mm. Meanwhile, for size powder of 0 – 30 mm, dominated by size range of 0 – 10 mm. Furthermore, the size powder of 0 – 30 mm is composed of tin phase, without tin oxide. The tin powder of melting chamber temperature of 900 °C produces the largest tin powder with a size of 0 – 10 mm and spherical powder.</p>

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High strength glass-ceramics sintered with coal gangue аs а raw material

Science of Sintering ◽

10.2298/sos1903285w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 285-294

Author(s):

Dang Wei ◽

H.-Y. He

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

High Strength ◽

Coal Gangue ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Forming Process ◽

Sintered Glass ◽

Utilization Ratio

High strength lightweight glass-ceramics were fabricated with coal gangue and clay as main raw materials. The utilization ratio of coal gangue, the ratio of the coal gangue with clay, mineralization agents, forming process and sintering process on the properties of the fabricated glass-ceramics were optimized. The utilization ratio of coal gangue reached 75, and the ratio of coal gangue to clay was 3/1, as an optimal property was observed. The optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1370?C. At this optimal temperature, the sintered glass-ceramics showed the main phase of mullite and spindle and so showed high strength, low density, and low water absorbance. The appropriate amounts of codoping of the TiO2, ZnO, and MnO2/dolomite as mineralization agents obviously enhanced the properties of the glass-ceramics. Process optimizations further determined reasonable and optimal process parameters. The high strength lightweight glass-ceramics fabricated in this work may be very suitable for various applications including building materials, cooking ceramics, and proppant materials, et al.

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Preparation of Sintered Brick with Aluminum Dross and Optimization of Process Parameters

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11091039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1039

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Hongjun Ni ◽

Shuaishuai Lv ◽

Xingxing Wang ◽

Songyuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Molding Pressure ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Aluminum Dross ◽

Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽

Protection Method ◽

Engineering Soil

Aluminum dross is produced in the process of industrial production and regeneration of aluminum. Currently, the main way to deal with aluminum dross is stacking and landfilling, which aggravates environmental pollution and resource waste. In order to find a green and environmental protection method for the comprehensive utilization, the aluminum dross was used as raw materials to prepare sintered brick. Firstly, the raw material ratio, molding pressure and sintering process were determined by single factor test and orthogonal test, and the mechanism of obvious change of mechanical strength of sintered brick was studied by XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that, the optimal formula of sintered brick is 50% aluminum dross, 37.50% engineering soil and 12.50% coal gangue. The optimum process parameters are molding pressure 10 MPa, heating rate 8 °C/ min, sintering temperature 800 °C, holding time 60 min. The samples prepared under the above formula and process parameters present outstanding performance, and the compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption rate are 16.21 MPa, 3.42 MPa and 17.12% respectively.

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Study of the High-temperature Synthesis of MgAl2O4 Spinel Refractory Raw Materials from Chromium Slag

High Temperature Materials and Processes ◽

10.1515/htmp-2016-0254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 581-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jinxia Meng ◽

Weiqing Chen ◽

Jizeng Zhao ◽

Li Liu

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Melting Process ◽

Volume Density ◽

Raw Material ◽

Electric Melting ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Spinel Refractory ◽

Chromium Slag ◽

High Temperature Synthesis ◽

Shock Resistance

AbstractTo make use of chromium slag waste, this study examined the technology of the preparation of MgAl2O4 spinel refractory raw material by using chromium slag. The results showed that (1) using the traditional sintering process of synthetic spinel, the highest volume density was 3.14 g/cm3 and the lowest porosity rate was 9.16 %. With the increase of the proportion of MgO powder mixing, bulk density and porosity fluctuations, and which cannot meet the requirements of refractory raw materials. (2) For MgAl2O4 spinel prepared by the electric-melting process, the highest volume density was 3.27 g/cm3 and the lowest porosity rate was 8.78 %. Volume density and the porosity remained stable, and they are affected by MgO powder thus the blending ratio is very small, which can satisfy the requirements of refractory raw materials. (3) MgAl2O4 spinel prepared by the electric-melting method is superior to traditional MgAl2O4 spinel in terms of slag resistance and thermal shock resistance.

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Chemical and Mineralogical Composition Influence of Steelworks Dust on Agglomerate Quality

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1143.120 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1143 ◽

pp. 120-126

Author(s):

Vasilica Viorica Corcoţoi Toniţă ◽

Maria Vlad ◽

Ilenuta Severin ◽

Andrei Berbecaru

Keyword(s):

Experimental Research ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Mineralogical Analysis ◽

Secondary Raw Material ◽

Chemical And Mineralogical Composition

From making steel process result dust and slurry that can be used as a secondary raw material in the composition stack of ferrous materials for the sintering process. Together with other raw materials rich in Fe, SiO2, CaO, this waste can be significant on quality ferrous agglomerate due to the useful elements contained.The paper presents the results of chemical and mineralogical analysis of steelworks dust and experimental research with a view to introduce dust in the sintering process to increase the quality of agglomerate.

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Stabilization Behavior of Heavy Metals Derived from Wastes on Cementitious Minerals and Hydrates

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.630 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 510-511 ◽

pp. 630-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji Whan Ahn ◽

Kwang Suk You ◽

Gi Chun Han ◽

Kye Hong Cho

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Crystal Morphology ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Hydration Process ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Burning Temperature ◽

Residual Content ◽

Calcium Sulfoaluminate

In this paper, the application of wastes as raw materials to cementitious mineral was investigated. A rolling slag, which contains plenty of heavy metals, was used as a raw material to synthesize calcium sulfoaluminate. It was found that the suitable burning temperature of CSA clinker is between 1,250°C and 1,300°C, and the residual content of heavy metals in the CSA clinker turned out sequentially as Cu, Zn, Cr, and Pb. According to the results of the investigation, it is believed that a large amount of the Cu, Zn and Cr present in the raw materials were fixed in the CSA clinker formed during the sintering process. It was further found that the distortion of the crystal morphology of hydrate, which was ettringite, took place according to the substitution of heavy metals during the hydration process.

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RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal ◽

10.26518/2071-7296-2019-3-334-351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 334-351

Author(s):

A. S. Mavlyanov ◽

E. K. Sardarbekova

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sensitivity Coefficient ◽

Raw Material ◽

Clay Material ◽

Fibrous Materials ◽

Chemical Production ◽

Production Wastes ◽

Pass Through ◽

The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

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ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v7i2.1951 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Firman L. Sahwan

Keyword(s):

Organic Material ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Production Potential ◽

Natural Organic Material ◽

Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

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Nutritional Value Research of Spelt Pasta with Vegetable Additives

Food Industry ◽

10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-2-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

Oliya Fazullina ◽

Stanislav Smirnov

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Healthy Nutrition ◽

Physiologically Active Substances ◽

Simple Carbohydrates

Health indicators of the population depend significantly on the food quality and nutritional value. Simple carbohydrates excess of and lack of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other physiologically active substances increase the risk of socially significant disease progress. The development and production of mass-consumed products with high nutritional and biological value, including affordable non-traditional raw materials use, are promising areas of the food industry development aimed at improving the nutritional status of the population. The article presents the research results on the developed Noodle products recipes from non-traditional raw materials that meet modern healthy nutrition requirements, intended for dietary treatment and dietary prevention of people with overweight / obesity. The research aimed at expanding the range of macaroni products with these characteristics. As the main raw material, a man selected whole-wheat flour – new spelt flour, and as additional raw materials – buckwheat flour, broccoli and celery powders. The researchers found that the introduction of macaroni products from buckwheat spelt, broccoli and celery powders into the recipe had a multidirectional effect, reducing or increasing various indicators of its nutritional value. The changes range did not affect the overall characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the average daily need for food substances and energy when consuming a portion of 100 g for each sample of developed Noodle products allows them to be classified as functional products that are protein and dietary fiber sources, according to the requirements of the TR CU 022/2011.

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UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v21i4pp.329-333 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 329-333

Author(s):

Rashid Aziz

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

United Nations ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Raw Material ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Depth Study ◽

Manufactured Exports ◽

Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

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PENGARUH HARGA DAN PEMAKAIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP VOLUME PRODUKSI PADA PT. KELOLA MINA LAUT DI GRESIK

MANAJERIAL ◽

10.30587/manajerial.v1i1.429 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

BAYU YRI WIDHARTO

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Raw Materials ◽

T Test ◽

Raw Material ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Production Volume ◽

F Test ◽

Material Price

The purpose of the research was to know the affect of many factors which affected to the production volume in PT. Kelola Mina Laut Gresik. What the price of raw materials was and the used of raw materials partially and simultan eously affected on the production volume. The analysis tool which used was a model of multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing used t test and F test, both at the significant level 5%. Based of the analysis of research on PT Kelola Mina Laut Gresik. Partially, inventory raw material price had not significant effect on the production volume, consumption of raw material inventory affected significantly of the production volume. Inventory of raw material price and the use of raw material simultan eously affect significantly to the production volume.

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