Stabilization Behavior of Heavy Metals Derived from Wastes on Cementitious Minerals and Hydrates

In this paper, the application of wastes as raw materials to cementitious mineral was investigated. A rolling slag, which contains plenty of heavy metals, was used as a raw material to synthesize calcium sulfoaluminate. It was found that the suitable burning temperature of CSA clinker is between 1,250°C and 1,300°C, and the residual content of heavy metals in the CSA clinker turned out sequentially as Cu, Zn, Cr, and Pb. According to the results of the investigation, it is believed that a large amount of the Cu, Zn and Cr present in the raw materials were fixed in the CSA clinker formed during the sintering process. It was further found that the distortion of the crystal morphology of hydrate, which was ettringite, took place according to the substitution of heavy metals during the hydration process.

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High strength glass-ceramics sintered with coal gangue аs а raw material

Science of Sintering ◽

10.2298/sos1903285w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 285-294

Author(s):

Dang Wei ◽

H.-Y. He

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

High Strength ◽

Coal Gangue ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Forming Process ◽

Sintered Glass ◽

Utilization Ratio

High strength lightweight glass-ceramics were fabricated with coal gangue and clay as main raw materials. The utilization ratio of coal gangue, the ratio of the coal gangue with clay, mineralization agents, forming process and sintering process on the properties of the fabricated glass-ceramics were optimized. The utilization ratio of coal gangue reached 75, and the ratio of coal gangue to clay was 3/1, as an optimal property was observed. The optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1370?C. At this optimal temperature, the sintered glass-ceramics showed the main phase of mullite and spindle and so showed high strength, low density, and low water absorbance. The appropriate amounts of codoping of the TiO2, ZnO, and MnO2/dolomite as mineralization agents obviously enhanced the properties of the glass-ceramics. Process optimizations further determined reasonable and optimal process parameters. The high strength lightweight glass-ceramics fabricated in this work may be very suitable for various applications including building materials, cooking ceramics, and proppant materials, et al.

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Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

Mehanization and electrification of agricultural ◽

10.37204/0131-2189-2020-11-19 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 162-170

Author(s):

R. Edgecock ◽

V. V. Bratishko ◽

I. V. Zinchenko ◽

S. H. Karpus ◽

D. O. Milko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Raw Material ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

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Karakterisasi Serbuk Timah dari Sistem Atomisasi Gas Argon Panas - Sub Sistem Gas Alir Tabung Gas

Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin ◽

10.21776/ub.jrm.2021.012.01.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Abdul Basyir ◽

Didik Aryanto ◽

Jayadi Jayadi ◽

Wahyu Bambang Widayatno ◽

Agus Sukarto Wismogroho

Keyword(s):

Size Range ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Spherical Powder ◽

Melting Chamber ◽

Chamber Temperature ◽

Size Powder ◽

Main Material

<p class="Abstract">The tin powder was used in some applications and technology such as for part manufacture through alloying, pressing, and sintering process, mixing material for the pyrotechnic application, the main material for solder pasta, mixing material on tin chemical, and others. Therefore, the demand for tin powder with a small size, spherical shape, and high purity is increasing severely. Indonesia (PT. Timah Tbk.) is one of the world’s largest producers of tin raw materials. This raw material can be processed be as powder by the atomization method. In this research, hot argon gas atomization system was used to generated tin powder. Raw tin was melted in a melting chamber with temperature variations of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C. This experiment generates powder with a dominant size of 37 – 150 mm. Meanwhile, for size powder of 0 – 30 mm, dominated by size range of 0 – 10 mm. Furthermore, the size powder of 0 – 30 mm is composed of tin phase, without tin oxide. The tin powder of melting chamber temperature of 900 °C produces the largest tin powder with a size of 0 – 10 mm and spherical powder.</p>

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Environmental managing of bottom ashes from municipal thermovalorization waste for civil applications, as a function of particle size, based on steam washing

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-17649 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Caterina Caviglia ◽

Enrico Destefanis ◽

Davide Bernasconi ◽

Linda Pastero ◽

Giorgia Confalonieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Particle Size ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Species ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Raw Material ◽

Accelerated Carbonation ◽

Washing Process ◽

High Concentrations

<p>Nowadays, the production of constructional materials requires raw materials obtained through extractive activities that often imply different environmental impacts. In a perspective of a growing sensitivity towards a responsible use of natural resources the attention to materials coming from waste is focused. The waste from the municipal thermovalorization plants can be suitable for this applications, and after moderate and sustainable treatments, can find a role of raw material-second in the construction of works, reducing the need to find additional natural resources and related problems for disposal or storage. The present study aims to explore the possibility of promoting inertization (i.e. reducing the BA&#8217;s release in water of environmentally dangerous chemical species below the legal thresholds) of as large a fraction of BA as possible, using ashes from one of the municipal waste incineration plants of Northern Italy, and exploiting byproducts of the incineration cycle, i.e. the spared steam from turbines, which produce electricity, and carbon dioxide from combustion fumes. The treatments discussed are as a function of the particle size (s). &#160;BA are partitioned into three main classes, determined by previous studies s &#8805; 4.75, 4.75 > s &#8805; 1, s < 1 mm; %. The BA fraction with 4.75 > s &#8805; 1 mm was further divided into two portions to optimize the steam washing process: 4.75 > s &#8805; 2 mm and&#160; 2 > s &#8805; 1 mm. BA with s > 4.75 mm are treated with steam washing only. In fact, although they do not contain high concentrations of heavy metals, they largely surpass the Italian legislation thresholds related to the occurrence of chlorides and sulfates. Steam is generally available from modern incineration plants in a considerable amount, and it is more effective than water in removing a variety of impurities/low-crystallinity fragments from the surface of coarse grains. Inertization of BA with 4.75 > s &#8805; 1 is investigated by means of both steam washing and accelerated carbonation, to optimize the combination of these methods and expand as much as possible the s-range that requires steam washing only.&#160; As to the BA fraction with s < 1 mm, whose heavy metals content is likely larger than elsewhere, steam washing is of difficult application and therefore we resort to accelerated carbonation.</p>

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Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic with medicinal herbal raw material of common shovel harvested in Voronezh region

Izvestiya of Saratov University New Series Series Chemistry Biology Ecology ◽

10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-4-478-487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 478-487

Author(s):

Nina A. Dyakova ◽

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Crop Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Anthropogenic Pollution ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cobalt Chromium ◽

Active Centers ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Nickel Copper ◽

Voronezh Region

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and agriculture. The purpose of the research was to study the contamination with heavy metals of medicinal plant raw materials of the Voronezh region using the example of the roots of ordinary burdock, prepared in urbo- and agro-ecosystems, which have various anthropogenic effects on themselves. The accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic in 51 samples of raw materials was studied. By comparing the heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the roots of the bladder, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the roots of the bladder, which is especially noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. At the same time, this type of medicinal vegetal raw material is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals included in the active centers of enzyme systems (copper and zinc). Thus, for an ordinary bladder under conditions of anthropogenic load, an edaphotype is formed, which is as a result of selection in conditions of anthropogenic pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions.

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The ecological state of the raw material zone of the enterprises supplying beef for baby food

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021006004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 06004

Author(s):

Nikolay Zabashta ◽

Elena Golovko ◽

Irina Sinelshchikova ◽

Anastasia Androsova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Humus Content ◽

Winter Season ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Baby Food ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Green Mass ◽

Quantitative Content

Subjects of the research: soils, pasture and cultivated plants, vegetable raw materials, prepared feed of the raw material zone of the Branch of the Tikhoretsky Children's Meat Canning Plant of DANON-RUSSIA JSC. The quantitative content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils under the main feed crops and their accumulation in finished feeds was determined. The a soil with a high humus content cover in the area of the surveyed farms is mainly represented by carbonate weakly humus heavy-duty “chernozem”, which occupies 82.5 % of all land. Fodder raw materials in the autumn-winter season 2019-2020 is safe in quantitative content regulated by standards of elements of heavy metals. Their contents were established: mercury ≤ 0.01 mg / kg, cadmium ≤ 0.2 mg / kg, lead ≤ 2.0 mg / kg and arsenic ≤ 0.5 mg / kg. However, there was an insignificant (1-2%) increase in the zinc content in the silage from the green mass of corn and haylage from the green mass of alfalfa. It was established that the remains of the prohibited pesticides are in trace amounts or practically absent in the feed of the raw material zone. The monitoring results will be used in farms - suppliers of beef for the production of baby food - canned meat and meat and vegetable.

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Pumice Characteristics and Their Utilization on the Synthesis of Mesoporous Minerals and on the Removal of Heavy Metals

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/259379 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. I. M. Ismail ◽

O. I. El-Shafey ◽

M. H. A. Amr ◽

M. S. El-Maghraby

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Synthetic Zeolite ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Crystallization Time ◽

Highly Active ◽

Zeolite P

Wastewater treatment of some heavy metals was carried out by synthetic zeolite P1, which was prepared by alkaline hydrothermal treatment of the pumice. Both of the pumice raw materials and synthetic zeolite were investigated for their chemical phase composition, physical properties, and microstructure. The adsorption behavior of Na-zeolite P1 with respect to Co+2, Cu+2, Fe+2, and Cd+2 has been studied to be applied in the industrial wastewater treatment. Metal removal was investigated using synthetic solutions at different ions concentrations, time, and Na-P1 zeolite doses as well as constant temperature and pH. It is concluded that the optimum conditions for synthesis of highly active Na-P1 zeolite from natural pumice raw material are one molar NaOH concentration, temperature at 80°C, and one week as a crystallization time. In addition to the effect of time and zeolite dose as well as the ion concentration of the reaction efficiency for metals removals are recorded.

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Quality Numerical Indicators of Raw Materials of Sanguisorba Officinalis L. Growing on Overburden Dumps of Kuzbass Coal Surface Mines

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201910502004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 02004

Author(s):

Natalya Egorova ◽

Irina Egorova ◽

Elena Maltseva ◽

Andrey Sukhikh

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Coal Mine ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Open Pit ◽

Normal Range ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Sanguisorba Officinalis ◽

Overburden Dumps

Medicinal plant materials quality assessment of the Sanguisorba officinalis L. growing on the Kedrovsky coal mine dumps in Kemerovo region is given. The analysis of obtained burnet raw material quality indicators (moisture, total ash, insoluble in hydrochloric acid, quantitative content of tannins, heavy metals, radionuclides) showed that this vegetable raw material match with the requirements of PhI.2.5.0078.18 “Sanguisorba officinalis L. rhizome and roots”. Tannins average content in the burnet rhizomes and roots was 15.708 ± 0.307%, which is within the normal range (up to 14%). It was found that the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) content does not exceed the MPC adopted for medicinal plant raw materials (G.Ph.A.5.5.000.0009.15). The obtained indicators for the artificial radionuclides (Cs-137, Sr-90) content showed that their quantity in the raw material is also within the normal range and their actual content is several times less than the normalized one. From the point of radiological safety view the studied raw materials are not dangerous since they accumulate 0.36% Sr-90 and 0.42% Cs-137 from the levels established by regulatory documentation. Therefore, the burnet medicinal plant raw material harvested at the Kedrovsky open-pit coal mine on the territory of waste dump does not represent a danger to human health.

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Preparation of Sintered Brick with Aluminum Dross and Optimization of Process Parameters

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11091039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1039

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Hongjun Ni ◽

Shuaishuai Lv ◽

Xingxing Wang ◽

Songyuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Molding Pressure ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Aluminum Dross ◽

Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽

Protection Method ◽

Engineering Soil

Aluminum dross is produced in the process of industrial production and regeneration of aluminum. Currently, the main way to deal with aluminum dross is stacking and landfilling, which aggravates environmental pollution and resource waste. In order to find a green and environmental protection method for the comprehensive utilization, the aluminum dross was used as raw materials to prepare sintered brick. Firstly, the raw material ratio, molding pressure and sintering process were determined by single factor test and orthogonal test, and the mechanism of obvious change of mechanical strength of sintered brick was studied by XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that, the optimal formula of sintered brick is 50% aluminum dross, 37.50% engineering soil and 12.50% coal gangue. The optimum process parameters are molding pressure 10 MPa, heating rate 8 °C/ min, sintering temperature 800 °C, holding time 60 min. The samples prepared under the above formula and process parameters present outstanding performance, and the compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption rate are 16.21 MPa, 3.42 MPa and 17.12% respectively.

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MINERAL AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE LEAVES OF MYRTHUS COMMUNIS L.

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2019034917 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 217-223

Author(s):

Ekaterina Yur'yevna Bakova ◽

Yuriy Vladimirovich Plugatar ◽

Nadezhda Nikolayevna Bakova ◽

Dmitriy Alekseyevich Konovalov

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Amino Acid Composition ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Botanical Gardens ◽

Promising Source

The homeland of Myrthus communis L. is Mediterranean region, in the countries of which its wild-growing and cultivated varieties grow. In the collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences the economic-valuable and morphological features of nine cultivars of this species have been studied. The plant is considered as a promising industrial medicinal culture. Contamination of medicinal plants with heavy metals and other toxic elements is an existing problem, which is associated with serious concern of international organizations on the quality and safety of medicinal raw materials. It is now established that trace constituents, entering into connection with chemical regulators of metabolism, including amino acids, participate in various biochemical processes, stimulate and normalize metabolism. The objective of this work is to study the elemental and amino acid composition of leaves of Myrthus communis L., cultivated in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. The study of Myrthus communis L. ultimate composition has been done with due regard to General Monograph requirements "The identification of heavy metals and arsenium in medicinal raw materials and plant preparations" for State Pharmacopeia of XIII edition. The research of the amino acid profile has been done subject to State All-Union Standard 32195-2013 (ISO 13903:2005). As a result of research it has been established that leaves of Myrthus communis L. accumulate 28 elements and 16 amino acids. The content of heavy metals and arsenium in the studied samples did not exceed the maximum permissible values for medicinal plant raw materials established by the Russian State Pharmacopoeia. The total content of amino acids in the leaves of myrtle was 11.65%. Among the amino acids found, glutamic and aspartic acids prevailed. The least in the leaves was methionine. The obtained results will be used for follow up standardization of myrtle raw materials as a promising source of medicinal plant raw material.

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