Preparation of Sintered Brick with Aluminum Dross and Optimization of Process Parameters

Aluminum dross is produced in the process of industrial production and regeneration of aluminum. Currently, the main way to deal with aluminum dross is stacking and landfilling, which aggravates environmental pollution and resource waste. In order to find a green and environmental protection method for the comprehensive utilization, the aluminum dross was used as raw materials to prepare sintered brick. Firstly, the raw material ratio, molding pressure and sintering process were determined by single factor test and orthogonal test, and the mechanism of obvious change of mechanical strength of sintered brick was studied by XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that, the optimal formula of sintered brick is 50% aluminum dross, 37.50% engineering soil and 12.50% coal gangue. The optimum process parameters are molding pressure 10 MPa, heating rate 8 °C/ min, sintering temperature 800 °C, holding time 60 min. The samples prepared under the above formula and process parameters present outstanding performance, and the compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption rate are 16.21 MPa, 3.42 MPa and 17.12% respectively.

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Optimization of Process Parameters for Production of Pectinase using Bacillus Subtilis MF447840.1

Recent Patents on Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1872208312666180917094428 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 69-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ram Balak Mahto ◽

Mukesh Yadav ◽

Soumya Sasmal ◽

Biswnath Bhunia

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Agitation Rate ◽

Fermentation Condition ◽

Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽

Food And Beverage ◽

Pectinase Production ◽

Sterile Product

Background: Pectinase enzyme has immense industrial prospects in the food and beverage industries. Objective: In our investigation, we find out the optimum process parameters suitable for better pectinase generation by Bacillus subtilis MF447840.1 using submerged fermentation. Method: 2% (OD600 nm = 0.2) of pure Bacillus subtilis MF447840.1 bacterial culture was inoculated in sterile product production media. The production media components used for this study were 1 g/l of pectin, 2 g/l of (NH4)2SO4, 1 g/l of NaCl, 0.25 g/l of K2HPO4, 0.25 g/l of KH2PO4 and 1 g/l of MgSO4 for pectinase generation. We reviewed all recent patents on pectinase production and utilization. The various process parameters were observed by changing one variable time method. Results: The optimum fermentation condition of different parameters was noticed to be 5% inoculums, 25% volume ratio, temperature (37°C), pH (7.4) and agitation rate (120 rpm) following 4 days incubation. Conclusion: Maximum pectinase generation was noticed as 345 ± 12.35 U following 4 days incubation.

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High strength glass-ceramics sintered with coal gangue аs а raw material

Science of Sintering ◽

10.2298/sos1903285w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 285-294

Author(s):

Dang Wei ◽

H.-Y. He

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

High Strength ◽

Coal Gangue ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Forming Process ◽

Sintered Glass ◽

Utilization Ratio

High strength lightweight glass-ceramics were fabricated with coal gangue and clay as main raw materials. The utilization ratio of coal gangue, the ratio of the coal gangue with clay, mineralization agents, forming process and sintering process on the properties of the fabricated glass-ceramics were optimized. The utilization ratio of coal gangue reached 75, and the ratio of coal gangue to clay was 3/1, as an optimal property was observed. The optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1370?C. At this optimal temperature, the sintered glass-ceramics showed the main phase of mullite and spindle and so showed high strength, low density, and low water absorbance. The appropriate amounts of codoping of the TiO2, ZnO, and MnO2/dolomite as mineralization agents obviously enhanced the properties of the glass-ceramics. Process optimizations further determined reasonable and optimal process parameters. The high strength lightweight glass-ceramics fabricated in this work may be very suitable for various applications including building materials, cooking ceramics, and proppant materials, et al.

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Photostabilization of i-line Photoresist and ARC Layer

International Symposium on Microelectronics ◽

10.4071/isom-2012-wa55 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 (1) ◽

pp. 000694-000701

Author(s):

Zeliha YILMAZ ◽

Murat PAK ◽

Sema İMRAHORILYAS ◽

Aylin ERSOY

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Critical Dimension ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Thermal Processes ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Ramp Rate ◽

Time Curve ◽

Lithography Process ◽

Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽

High Degree

Stabilization after the lithography process is crucial in order to prevent deformation of photoresist patterns by other thermal processes used in semiconductor production. UV hardening is capable of minimizing negative effects of thermal processes such as rounded shaped lines; line width widening or shrinkage and CD shift. The amount of UV energy absorbed and final process temperature are important process parameters; which effect directly the degree of cross-linking. So, this paper examines optimization of process parameters such as the ramp rate, which is the tangent of the temperature-time curve (°C/sec) and the final temperature. Also the ramp rate indicates the time; that wafer is exposed to the high degree of UV energy. Process parameters are optimised with respect to the improvement of etch selectivity, decrease of the CD shift. Profile photos have been taken with Scanning Electron Microscope. In the experiments, the novolak based i-line photoresist and ICON-7 as anti reflecting coating are used for the lithography process. Many variables have been taken into consideration while determining optimum process parameters. These are resist thickness, type of the surface layer of wafer, magnitude of the critical dimension (>1 μm & < 1 μm ) and the size of the open area on the reticle used during exposure.

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On the effect of process parameters on properties of AlSi10Mg parts produced by DMLS

Rapid Prototyping Journal ◽

10.1108/rpj-03-2013-0028 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 449-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Manickavasagam Krishnan ◽

Eleonora Atzeni ◽

Riccardo Canali ◽

Flaviana Calignano ◽

Diego Manfredi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Process Window ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Content Type ◽

Significant Process ◽

Macroscopic Properties ◽

Full Factorial

Purpose – The aim of this research is to reach a deep understanding on the effect of the process parameters of Direct Metal Laser Sintering process (DMLS) on macroscopic properties (hardness and density) of AlSi10Mg parts and resulting microstructure. Design/methodology/approach – A full factorial design of experiment (DOE) was applied to determine the most significant process parameter influencing macroscopic properties of AlSi10Mg parts manufactured by DMLS process. The analysis aims to define the optimum process parameters and deduce the process window that provides better macroscopic properties of AlSi10Mg parts. Optical microscopy observations are carried out to link the microstructure to macroscopic properties. Findings – Macroscopic properties of DMLS parts are influenced by the change in process parameters. There is a close correlation between the geometry of scan tracks and macroscopic properties of AlSi10Mg parts manufactured by DMLS process. Originality/value – The knowledge of utilizing optimized process parameters is important to fabricate DMLS parts with better mechanical properties. The present research based on applying experimental design is the first analysis for AlSi10Mg parts produced in DMLS process.

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Review on Investigations Carried out on Burr Formation in Drilling During 1975 To 2020

Technological Engineering ◽

10.1515/teen-2019-0007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 43-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reddy Sreenivasulu ◽

Chalamalasetti SrinivasaRao

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

New Technologies ◽

Value Added ◽

Vital Role ◽

Machining Process ◽

Burr Formation ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Drill Bit ◽

Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽

Almost All

Abstract Burr formation during machining process is a vital role in the assembly lines, even though it is a non value added process but also care should be taken while machining due to non avoiding output generated at the end of material removal process. At present almost all manufacturing sectors faces lot of problems due to these issues and invest more money towards deburring still advanced manufacturing methods available. So, complete burr removal is not possible and only thing is reducing utmost by applying better optimizing techniques, to develop good mechanization methods, selecting optimum process parameters and their conditions. The aim this paper deals about research methods implemented by earlier authors on burr formation especially in drilling. The reason why the present authors selected the drilling is number of automotive and aircraft engineers struggling during structural building works because of these burrs wherever precise measurement needed. In this connection, the authors concentrate their study on previous researcher works related to investigations on experimentation, developing new theoretical mechanisms to minimize burrs, adapt a new technologies available to modify drill bit geometries such that improvement in the minimization of burrs. Finally found that research contributions by changing their drill bit geometry and cutting process parameters have been focused on utilizing the methodologies, changing time to time. In analyzing the performance characteristics with that of input process parameters, several mathematical and empirical models were developed by many researchers so far in their works. Efforts have been made in the direction of optimization of process parameters in drilling for minimizing burr size.

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Karakterisasi Serbuk Timah dari Sistem Atomisasi Gas Argon Panas - Sub Sistem Gas Alir Tabung Gas

Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin ◽

10.21776/ub.jrm.2021.012.01.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Abdul Basyir ◽

Didik Aryanto ◽

Jayadi Jayadi ◽

Wahyu Bambang Widayatno ◽

Agus Sukarto Wismogroho

Keyword(s):

Size Range ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Spherical Powder ◽

Melting Chamber ◽

Chamber Temperature ◽

Size Powder ◽

Main Material

The tin powder was used in some applications and technology such as for part manufacture through alloying, pressing, and sintering process, mixing material for the pyrotechnic application, the main material for solder pasta, mixing material on tin chemical, and others. Therefore, the demand for tin powder with a small size, spherical shape, and high purity is increasing severely. Indonesia (PT. Timah Tbk.) is one of the world’s largest producers of tin raw materials. This raw material can be processed be as powder by the atomization method. In this research, hot argon gas atomization system was used to generated tin powder. Raw tin was melted in a melting chamber with temperature variations of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C. This experiment generates powder with a dominant size of 37 – 150 mm. Meanwhile, for size powder of 0 – 30 mm, dominated by size range of 0 – 10 mm. Furthermore, the size powder of 0 – 30 mm is composed of tin phase, without tin oxide. The tin powder of melting chamber temperature of 900 °C produces the largest tin powder with a size of 0 – 10 mm and spherical powder.

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Densification Technique of Al2O3/Al Metal Ceramics Using Powder Metallurgy Method

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.281.291 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 291-296

Author(s):

Yin Yan Ju ◽

Ai Xia Chen ◽

Rui Hua Wang ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Ming Han Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Holding Time ◽

Molding Pressure ◽

Powder Metallurgy Method ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Good Oxidation Resistance ◽

Corrosion Medium ◽

Scanning Electron

In atmospheric environments, Al2O3 ceramics have good oxidation resistance in water, acid, and other solutions and suitable corrosion medium resistance. Al2O3 ceramics is one of the most widely used engineering ceramics. In this paper, Al2O3/Al cermet matrix composites were prepared by mixing a series of powders with aluminum and alumina powders as raw materials. The interface of Al2O3/Al cermet was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The densification process of Al2O3/Al cermet was then explored from the aspects of formulation, molding pressure, holding time, and sintering process. After mixing and dry pressing, 50 wt% Al and 50 wt% Al2O3 were appropriate for sintering. Following sintering and measuring density, density was improved under 20 MPa with a 20-minute holding time. Through a comparison of the sintering process, the interface structure was observed via scanning electron microscopy, which found that secondary sintering is conducive to improving the density of Al2O3/Al cermet.

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Critical Features in the Microstructural Analysis of AISI 316L Produced By Metal Additive Manufacturing

Metallography Microstructure and Analysis ◽

10.1007/s13632-019-00604-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 92-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abdollah Saboori ◽

Mostafa Toushekhah ◽

Alberta Aversa ◽

Manuel Lai ◽

Mariangela Lombardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Complex Shape ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Aisi 316L ◽

Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽

Clear Insight ◽

Directed Energy ◽

Insight Into ◽

Metal Additive

AbstractDirected energy deposition (DED) process is recognized as an alternative technology to produce the complex-shape AISI 316L components. The critical production step in this technology is the optimization of process parameters that can directly affect the final properties of the components. To optimize the process parameters, the residual defects of specimens produced with different combinations of process parameters are evaluated, and the optimum condition is chosen. Therefore, the residual defects assessment is a vital step in finding the optimum process parameters; therefore, this evaluation should be carried out carefully. One of the main issues in the production of AISI 316L by DED process is oxidation during the process that should be considered besides the other defects such as porosity and cracks. However, the identification between the oxides and porosities is not an easy task, and so this study aims to provide more clear insight into the evaluation of pores and oxides in DED 316L samples. The outcomes of this work show that at the best process parameters suitable for a porosity-free sample, there are some oxides that can be misinterpreted as porosity and consequently deteriorate the mechanical properties of the dense sample.

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A Study of Stabilization and Recycling for Aluminum Dross

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2237 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 275-277 ◽

pp. 2237-2240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hsieh Kuo Cheng ◽

T.H. Ueng ◽

Ching Chyi Chen

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxide ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Aluminum Carbide ◽

Raw Material ◽

Hydration Reaction ◽

Secondary Aluminum ◽

Stabilizing Agents ◽

Alkaline Environment ◽

Aluminum Dross

In this study, a recycling process for stabilized secondary aluminum dross is proposed. Calcium oxide-containing materials, such as de-sulfur slag produced from steel manufacturing process, are used as stabilizing agents for secondary aluminum dross. The de-sulfur slag was first hydrolyzed. Due to the high content of calcium oxide (about 45%), hydration of de-sulfur slag can produce a solution with strong alkalinity (pH≧12). In the strong alkaline environment, the residual pernicious components in the aluminum dross, such as aluminum nitride, aluminum carbide and metal aluminum, are hydrolyzed and decomposed rapidly, resulting in the stabilization of secondary aluminum dross. The stabilized aluminum dross, therefore, was used as the raw material for preparing concrete bricks. In the subsequent concrete brick manufacturing process, the hydration reaction between stabilized aluminum dross and other raw materials can also produce strong alkaline environment (pH≧12), which further stabilizes the aluminum dross wastes, and produce high-pressure concrete bricks with satisfactory performance.

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Optimization of Process Parameters for Detonation Gun Coating Process through Greyrelation Analysis

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.636 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 592-594 ◽

pp. 636-640

Author(s):

K.N. Balan ◽

S. Manimaran ◽

M.A. Essam Ahamed ◽

Amaladas John Rajan

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Spray Coating ◽

Aviation Industry ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Coating Process ◽

Micro Hardness ◽

Wear Resistant ◽

Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽

Marine Industry ◽

Detonation Gun

Detonation gun spray coating method (D-Spray) is an effective method of coating process [4]. The surface property of material will be enhanced by deposition of coating powders such as metal oxides and ceramics like aluminium oxides, tungsten carbide, nickel chromium etc. which improves micro hardness, corrosion and wear resistant resistance property. This coating process is applicable in different engineering sectors such as aviation industry, marine industry, biomedical industry etc., In this Experimental study the Process parameter optimization of D-spray coating process with different coating powder was done by Taguchi design of experiment [2] and interrelationships among multiple response was analysed with Grey relation Analysis [2] in order to find the optimized processing conditions and to get higher quality of coating. Micro hardness Wear resistant, Surface roughness are the multiple responses estimated for various combinations of parameters and the optimum process parameters were obtained.

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