Survival and Genet Growth and Development of Field-Planted Giant Cane (Arundinaria gigantea) over Time in Southern Illinois

Castanea ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zaczek ◽  
S. G. Baer ◽  
J. L. Hartleb ◽  
W. W. Brendecke ◽  
J. E. Schoonover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Arundinaria Gigantea ◽  
Giant Cane ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Nutrient Dynamics and Decomposition of Riparian Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. Leaves in Southern Illinois

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Nelson ◽  
Jon E. Schoonover ◽  
Karl W. J. Williard
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Resorption Proficiency ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Arundinaria Gigantea ◽  
Giant Cane ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Litterfall

<p class="1Body">Leaf litter quality and quantity can influence soil nutrient dynamics and stream productivity through decomposition and serving as allochthonous stream inputs. Leaf deposition, nitrogen (N)-resorption efficiency and proficiency, and decomposition rates were analyzed in riparian stands of <em>Arundinaria gigantea </em>(Walt.) Muhl.<em> </em>in southern Illinois for the first time to determine potential nutrient cycling from riparian canebrake restoration. Leaf litter was collected from five established canebrakes monthly over one year and a decomposition study was conducted over 72 weeks. Live leaves, freshly senesced leaves, and decomposed leaves were analyzed for carbon (C) and N content. Leaf litterfall biomass peaked in November at twice the monthly average for all but one site, indicating a resemblance to deciduous leaf fall patterns. Nitrogen and C concentrations decreased 48% and 30%, respectively, between live leaves and 72 weeks following decomposition. High soil moisture appeared to slow decomposition rates, perhaps due to the creation of anaerobic conditions. Cane leaves have low resorption proficiency and nutrient-use proficiency, suggesting that these riparian canebrakes are not N limited. Giant cane should be considered in multispecies riparian buffer creation since it has this potential to supply carbon and nitrogen to the soil and to macroinvertebrates in the streams for a longer period of time and year round.</p>

scholarly journals Lipoxygenase activities during development of root and nodule of soybean

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Góes Junghans ◽  
Maria Goreti de Almeida Oliveira ◽  
Maurilio Alves Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lipoxygenase Activity ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Near Isogenic Line ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Elkanii ◽  
Over Time

The objective of this work was to evaluate root and nodule soybean lipoxygenases in Doko cultivar and in a near isogenic line lacking seed lipoxygenases, inoculated and uninoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii. The lipoxygenase activities from roots collected at 3, 5, 9, 13, 18 and 28 days post-inoculation and from nodules collected at 13, 18 and 28 days post-inoculation were measured. The pH-activity profiles from root and nodules suggested that the lipoxygenases pool expressed in these organs from Doko cultivar and triple-null near isogenic lines are similar. The root lipoxygenase activity of Doko and triple-null lines, inoculated and uninoculated, reduced over time. The highest lipoxygenase activity observed at the beginning of root formation suggests the involvement of this enzyme in growth and development of this organ. However, for nodules an expressive increase of lipoxygenase activity was noticed 28 days post-inoculation. Root and nodule showed, at least, two mobility groups for lipoxygenases in immunoblottings, with approximately 94 and 97 kDa.

A History of Interprofessional Education and Assessment at WesternU

2020 ◽  
pp. 286-310
Author(s):  
David N. Dickter ◽  
Daniel C. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Early History ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

This chapter traces the early history and progress of a pioneering interprofessional practice and education (IPE) program at Western University of Health Sciences (WesternU), whose growth and development can be viewed in the context of the broader IPE field, that of a nascent movement within the United States to recognize and facilitate collaborative, patient-centered healthcare. This chapter provides some of the background and details from the early design years at WesternU. The IPE movement in the U.S. worked with general principles and broad conceptual outcomes such as safety and quality but it took time to delineate more specific guidelines and practices. Over the years, frameworks and standards for education, practice, and outcomes assessment have developed that have helped to guide the program. Similarly, WesternU has developed and refined its education and assessment methods over time.

Changes in carcass composition with growth and the effect of feed type in lambs of two breeds and their cross

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 44-44
Author(s):  
J.M. Macfarlane ◽  
R.M. Lewis ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
J.E. Donbavand ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Know How ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Over Time

To enable producers to meet market requirements for lamb carcasses from the resources available, it is important to know how breeds differ in growth and development over time and how this is affected by feeding regime. The aims of this study were to explore the effect of diverse breed and feed types on carcass composition, growth and feed intake and investigate how these change during growth.

scholarly journals Urban Form Elements and Urban Potentiality ( Literature Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Haider Jasim Essa Al-Saaidy
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Street Pattern ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Morphological theories shape the leading platform to theoretically and practically consider the assets connected with the emergence of the city, and its growth and development over time. In this paper, five elements of the urban form are typified: structure/tissue, plot, building, block, and the street pattern will be addressed. Understanding the urban form at the different levels within its ingredients could lead to shape a base launch of how to consider the potentiality of the development and sustainability of a particular area.   

scholarly journals Decline and Fall, Growth and Spread, or Resilience? Approaches to Studying How and Why Societies Change

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Precocious Development ◽  
Over Time

An avid reader of history will be quite familiar with the rich, emotive narratives detailing the tragic decline and ultimate fall of once mighty civilizations; Rome succumbing to barbarian hordes, Alexander of Macedon’s and Chinggis Khan’s spear-won empires splitting into warring factions, and the demise of the great Inca or Maya civilizations are just a few such examples. On the other side of the stacks, similarly grandiose narratives document some group’s incredible growth and spread taking over vast territories and populations. These tell typically of societies coming to dominate a region, often in the face of overwhelming odds and tribulation or through some precocious development of a key technology or strategy that later becomes widespread. Here, I take stock of previous approaches to studying function – from growth and development to crisis and collapse to resilience – and ask what is the most fruitful lens with which to view fluctuations in how societies function and change over time, as this review essay attempts to accomplish.

Modeling growth of lambs of two breeds and their cross on different feed types

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
J.M. Macfarlane ◽  
R.M. Lewis ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
J.E. Donbavand ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Know How ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Modeling Growth

In order for producers to meet market requirements for lamb carcasses from the resources available, they need to know how breeds differ in growth and development over time and how this is affected by feeding regime. A previous paper explored the effect of diverse breed and feed types on carcass composition, growth and feed intake. This paper uses different mathematical descriptions of growth to study the relationships between live weight and time and between live weight and cumulative feed intake.

Age-related carcass composition changes in male broiler chickens

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Perreault ◽  
S. Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time

To quantify growth and development of the broiler chicken to 70 d, a flock of male birds was sampled at regular intervals, and observations were made on growth and development of various carcass components. Birds were fed conventional diets and maintained on litter-floor pens in a room with environmental control. At 21, 28, 35, 39, 43, 47, 50, 55, 60 and 70 d of age, 12 birds were selected at random for estimation of live weight, eviscerated weight, cut-up portion composition and deboned meat yield. Observations involved weights of the various carcass components and proximate analysis. Birds showed linear growth to 70 d (P < 0.01), while development shown by the eviscerated carcass was positively quadratic (P < 0.01). Proportional fat content of the eviscerated carcass increased over time (P < 0.01), while protein content decreased (P < 0.01). The leg-thigh portion yielded the greatest quantity of meat, while the bone portion increased from 130 g to 843 g over the 21- to 70-d period. Total carcass skin increased in weight from 50 g to 365 g over the same period. Both deboned breast meat and leg meat increased quadratically over time (P < 0.01). Comparison of results with that developed 10–15 yr ago indicates chronological changes in carcass development. An apparent sporadic increase in yield of breast and thigh meat, which has also been shown by other workers, warrants further investigation. Key words: Broiler, carcass composition, meat yield

scholarly journals Poor maternal nutrition during gestation in sheep alters prenatal muscle growth and development in offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C Gauvin ◽  
Sambhu M Pillai ◽  
Sarah A Reed ◽  
John R Stevens ◽  
Maria L Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition during gestation can have immediate and life-long negative effects on offspring growth and health. In livestock, this leads to reduced product quality and increased costs of production. Based on previous evidence that both restricted- and overfeeding during gestation decrease offspring muscle growth and alter metabolism postnatally, we hypothesized that poor maternal nutrition during gestation would reduce the growth and development of offspring muscle prenatally, reduce the number of myogenic progenitor cells, and result in changes in the global expression of genes involved in prenatal muscle development and function. Ewes were fed a control (100% NRC)-, restricted (60% NRC)-, or overfed (140% NRC) diet beginning on day 30 of gestation until days 45, 90, and 135 of gestation or until parturition. At each time point fetuses and offspring (referred to as CON, RES, and OVER) were euthanized and longissimus dorsi (LM), semitendinosus (STN), and triceps brachii (TB) were collected at each time point for histological and RNA-Seq analysis. In fetuses and offspring, we did not observe an effect of diet on cross-sectional area (CSA), but CSA increased over time (P &lt; 0.05). At day 90, RES and OVER had reduced secondary:primary muscle fiber ratios in LM (P &lt; 0.05), but not in STN and TB. However, in STN and TB percent PAX7-positive cells were decreased compared with CON (P &lt; 0.05). Maternal diet altered LM mRNA expression of 20 genes (7 genes downregulated in OVER and 2 downregulated in RES compared with CON; 5 downregulated in OVER compared with RES; false discovery rate (FDR)-adj. P &lt; 0.05). A diet by time interaction was not observed for any genes in the RNA-Seq analysis; however, 2,205 genes were differentially expressed over time between days 90 and 135 and birth (FDR-adj. P &lt; 0.05). Specifically, consistent with increased protein accretion, changes in muscle function, and increased metabolic activity during myogenesis, changes in genes involved in cell cycle, metabolic processes, and protein synthesis were observed during fetal myogenesis. In conclusion, poor maternal nutrition during gestation contributes to altered offspring muscle growth during early fetal development which persists throughout the fetal stage. Based on muscle-type-specific effects of maternal diet, it is important to evaluate more than one type of muscle to fully elucidate the effects of maternal diet on offspring muscle development.

scholarly journals 75 Assessment of allometric changes of visceral organs in pigs from birth to 10 kg bodyweight at 14 days post-weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Sarah K Elefson ◽  
James C Matthews ◽  
H J Monegue ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Intestine Length ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Visceral organs (VO) play a crucial role in nutrient metabolism needed for growth and development. Although many studies have documented selected VO growth during early development or around the time of weaning, few studies have documented complete VO growth from birth through the post-weaning (PW) period. The objective of this study was to assess allometric changes of VO growth from birth through d 14 PW. Crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to slaughter (n = 6, 3 male and 3 female) for tissue collection at birth (pre-suckle), 1 and 7 days after birth, at weaning (20.0 ± 1.3 d), and days 1, 2, 5, 7, and 14 PW. Pigs were fed a common PW diet formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) estimates. Body weight (BW) and VO were collected and measured (Table 1). Data were analyzed by ANOVA using GLM procedure of SAS with linear and quadratic effects of age determined by contrast statements. BW, absolute small intestine length (SIL), and absolute large intestine length (LIL) increased (linear, P < 0.001) with age. Absolute stomach, liver, pancreas, and total VO weight (including the previously mentioned organs in addition to heart, lungs, kidneys, and spleen) increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.0001) with pig age and BW. Relative weight (relative to BW) for stomach (0.52 - 0.82%, respectively), liver (2.99 - 3.17%, respectively), pancreas (0.14 - 0.22 %, respectively), and total VO weight (9.95 - 17.64%, respectively) also increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.0008) over time (d 0 - 14 PW). The SIL relative to total intestinal length (83.79 - 82.14%, respectively) and relative LIL (16.21 - 17.86, respectively) did not change (P > 0.05) from birth to d 14 PW. In conclusion, the weight of the assessed VO increased hyperallometrically from birth to d 14 PW.

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