scholarly journals Specialised discourse in medical research articles

Diacrítica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-171
Author(s):  
María Fernández Zas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Writing ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Due to the enormous development of science and technology in recent times, English has become the leading language for conveying specialised knowledge. Conversely, in Galicia, the study of specialised discourse has remained largely unexplored until the very end of the last century, when Galician achieved the status of co-official language within the Spanish State. This article presents an analytical and descriptive approach to the notion of specialised discourse with three objectives. First of all, it attempts to clarify the aforementioned concept, as well as its distinctive features, in order to identify potential differences and similarities in terms of how experts belonging to the English and Galician-speaking worlds understand and use specific-domain languages. Secondly, it aims to conduct a quantitative and qualitative corpus-based comparison of the most relevant morphosyntactic features in English and Galician specialised discourse, with a particular focus on the field of medical writing. Lastly, this article also intends to fill a significant gap in Galician linguistic studies, where research on specific-domain languages remains a pending issue. To attain these objectives, a corpus-based cross-linguistic comparison of English and Galician specialised discourse is carried out based on twenty-four research articles. By means of which, the most representative morphosyntactic characteristics of specialised texts are analysed, interpreted and discussed in depth for both languages. The results reveal that English and Galician domain-specific languages present far more similarities than might be expected at first, the most notable differences being those inherent to the specificity of each linguistic system.

scholarly journals Preserving Indian Languages and Ancient Scripts through Language Documentation and Digital Archiving

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 265-267
Author(s):  
Editorial Desk
Keyword(s):  
Language Documentation ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Indian Constitution ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Status ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Multiple Languages

Unity in diversity is one of the most distinctive features of Indian civilization. From Jammu & Kashmir to Kanyakumari, every region portrays different customs, cultural traditions, and mother tongues. India is a country of multiple languages and ancient scripts. According to the 2011 census report, 1950 mother tongues were spoken/in use in India. Under Article 344 of the Indian Constitution, only 15 languages ​​were initially recognized as the official language. The 21st Constitution Amendment gave Sindhi the official language status. Based on the 71st Constitution Amendment, the Nepali, Konkani, and Manipuri languages were also included in the above list. Later, by the 92nd Constitution Amendment Act, 2003, four new languages ​​Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali, were included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Thus, now 22 languages ​​have been given the status of official language in the Indian Constitution. The total number of people speaking these 22 languages ​​in India is 90%. Apart from these 22 languages, English is also the official language and is also the official language of Mizoram, Nagaland, and Meghalaya. In all, 60 languages ​​are being taught in schools in India. There was an excellent response to the call for papers for Special Issue on Language Documentation and Archiving of DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology (DJLIT). A total of about 13 Papers were received for the special issue. Based on the review and relevancy of the particular theme, seven papers have been selected for publication in the special issue on Language Documentation and Archiving.

РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК – ЯЗЫК ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В КГМА

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Г. Кульбаева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Language

Аннотация. В статье рассматривается вопрос о функционировании русского языка в образовательном пространстве КГМА. Большое место в работе занимает роль русского языка в учебной деятельности студентов-медиков. Мотивацией к изучению именно, русского языка являются следующие факторы: статус официального языка; возможность привлечь внимание широкого круга специалистов к своим исследованиям; понимание престижности русского языка. В статье нашли отражение различные формы работы по расширению сферы использования русского языка в медицинской академии. В работе уделено внимание и профильным учебным пособиям, разработанным автором статьи. Анализ некоторых заданий позволяет констатировать тот факт, что содержание пособии определено через компетенции, одной из которых является языковая. Ключевые слова:язык обучения, фундаментальные науки, соматические ФЕ, компетентностная основа, профессиональная направленность, жаргонная лексика. Аннотация. Макалада КММАнын билим берүү мейкиндеги орус тилин өздөштүү маселеси каралат. Орус тили студент-медиктердин окуу ишмердигинде чоң роль ойнойт. Расмий тил статусу, өз изилдөөлөрүнө көпчүлүк адистердин көңүлүн буруу мүмкүнчүлүгү, орус тилинин баркын түшүнүү, өзгөчөлөп билүүгө далил болуп эсептелет. Макалада медициналык академияда орус тили колдонуу чөйрөсүн кеңейтүү боюнча иштөөнү ар кандай формалары көрсөтүлгөн. Эмгекте макаланын автору иштеп чыккан адистик окуу колдонмолорго да көңул бурулган. Кээ бир тапшырмалардын анализи колдонмонун мазмуну компетенция, анын бирөөсү тил аркылуу аныкталганын факт катары көрсөтүүгө мүмкүндүк түзөт. Түйүндүү сөздөр: фундаменталдык илимдер, соматикалык фразеологизмдер, компетенттик негиз, профессионалдык багытталыш, жаргондук лексика. Summary. The article discusses the Russian language functioning in the of the KSMA’s educational space. Russian language plays a big role in the educational activity of the medical students. The main motivation of learning the Russian language has the following points: the status of the official language; the opportunity to attract the attention of a wide range of specialists to their research; understanding of the prestige of the Russian language. The article reflected various forms of work to expand the scope of the use of the Russian language at the medical academy. The work focuses on specialized textbooks developed by the author of the article. An analysis of some tasks allows us to state the fact that the content of the manual is determined through competencies, one of which is the language. Key words: teaching language, fundamental sciences, somatic phraseological unit, slang vocabulary.

scholarly journals Mapping domain characteristics influencing Analytics initiatives: The example of Supply Chain Analytics

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Tino Herden
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Analytics research is increasingly divided by the domains Analytics is applied to. Literature offers little understanding whether aspects such as success factors, barriers and management of Analytics must be investigated domain-specific, while the execution of Analytics initiatives is similar across domains and similar issues occur. This article investigates characteristics of the execution of Analytics initiatives that are distinct in domains and can guide future research collaboration and focus. The research was conducted on the example of Logistics and Supply Chain Management and the respective domain-specific Analytics subfield of Supply Chain Analytics. The field of Logistics and Supply Chain Management has been recognized as early adopter of Analytics but has retracted to a midfield position comparing different domains.Design/methodology/approach: This research uses Grounded Theory based on 12 semi-structured Interviews creating a map of domain characteristics based of the paradigm scheme of Strauss and Corbin.Findings: A total of 34 characteristics of Analytics initiatives that distinguish domains in the execution of initiatives were identified, which are mapped and explained. As a blueprint for further research, the domain-specifics of Logistics and Supply Chain Management are presented and discussed.Originality/value: The results of this research stimulates cross domain research on Analytics issues and prompt research on the identified characteristics with broader understanding of the impact on Analytics initiatives. The also describe the status-quo of Analytics. Further, results help managers control the environment of initiatives and design more successful initiatives.

Automatic construction of academic profile: A case of information science domain

2021 ◽  
pp. 016555152199804
Author(s):  
Qian Geng ◽  
Ziang Chuai ◽  
Jian Jin
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Learning To Rank ◽  
Semantic Distance ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Initial Vector ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm ◽  
Domain Specific

To provide junior researchers with domain-specific concepts efficiently, an automatic approach for academic profiling is needed. First, to obtain personal records of a given scholar, typical supervised approaches often utilise structured data like infobox in Wikipedia as training dataset, but it may lead to a severe mis-labelling problem when they are utilised to train a model directly. To address this problem, a new relation embedding method is proposed for fine-grained entity typing, in which the initial vector of entities and a new penalty scheme are considered, based on the semantic distance of entities and relations. Also, to highlight critical concepts relevant to renowned scholars, scholars’ selective bibliographies which contain massive academic terms are analysed by a newly proposed extraction method based on logistic regression, AdaBoost algorithm and learning-to-rank techniques. It bridges the gap that conventional supervised methods only return binary classification results and fail to help researchers understand the relative importance of selected concepts. Categories of experiments on academic profiling and corresponding benchmark datasets demonstrate that proposed approaches outperform existing methods notably. The proposed techniques provide an automatic way for junior researchers to obtain organised knowledge in a specific domain, including scholars’ background information and domain-specific concepts.

PEDIATRICS AND SOCIETY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Lytt I. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Public Support ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Harvard School

THIS is a progress report to the readers of Pediatrics on the status of Senator Lister Hill's "Health for Peace" bill (Senate Joint Resolution 41). This measure, which would have set up an international institute of medical research, passed the Senate May 20, 1959 with flying colors but finally was snagged in a House subcommittee through the summer of 1959. The legislation received resounding approval by the Senate, with a vote of 63 to 17. The bill proposed to organize an Institute of International Medical Research within the framework of the National Institutes of Health. A $50,000,000 annual appropriation was planned. Evidence of widespread public support for the measure was observed in the statements of authorities who spoke at the Senate hearings concerning the bill. It is of interest that no one appeared to testify against S.J. Res. 41 during the 6 days of hearings. At lease two persons participating in the hearings were members of the American Academy of Pediatrics: Dr. Martha M. Eliot, Head, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Harvard School of Public Health and Dr. Sidney Farber (Honorary Associate Member), Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School. Many witnesses pointed out the importance of providing support for the research activities and the training of promising scholars in other lands. On this subject, Dr. Farber had this to say: In many countries, such as Italy, the amount of research support available is so small that men of great skill and intellect are compelled to carry on only token research concerning problems which are selected because they do not require manpower, equipment, or modern research facilities.

Self-Perceived Creativity

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulamith Kreitler ◽  
Hernan Casakin
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Design Representation ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Small Museum ◽  
Very High

In view of unclear previous findings about the validity of self-assessed creativity, the hypothesis guiding the present study was that validity would be proven if self-assessed creativity was examined with respect to a specific domain, specific product, specific aspects of creativity, and in terms of specific criteria. The participants were 52 architecture students. The experimental task was to design a small museum in a described context. After completing the task, the students self-assessed their creativity in designing with seven open-ended questions, the Self-Assessment of Creative Design questionnaire, and a list of seven items tapping affective metacognitive aspects of the designing process. Thus, 21 creativity indicators were formed. Four expert architects, working independently, assessed the designs on nine creativity indicators: fluency, flexibility, elaboration, functionality, innovation, fulfilling specified design requirements, considering context, mastery of skills concerning the esthetics of the design representation, and overall creativity. The agreement among the architects’ evaluations was very high. The correlations between the nine corresponding indicators in students’ assessment of their design and those of the experts were positive and significant with respect to three indicators: fluency, flexibility, and overall creativity. On the contrary, the correlations of the rest noncorresponding indicators with those of the experts were not significant. The findings support the validity of self-assessed creativity with specific restrictions.

scholarly journals Areal-typological complexity of Lithuanian dialects

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Vytautas Kardelis
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Methodological Principle ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Theoretical Criterion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Stressed Position

This article deals with one of the most promising stages in Lithuanian dialectology discussed in the article “Seven stages of Lithuanian dialectology” published in the 2016 issue of the scientific electronic journal “Lietuvių kalba” (‘The Lithuanian Language’) (see Kardelis 2016). I referred to this stage as typological; however, now I think that the best term for this stage is the term areal-typological complexity (arealtypologische Komplexität) which originates from works by Alfred Lameli (2013). The concept of complexity is not associated with the attempt to classify dialects according to different “distinctive features” but rather with an idea, clearly supported by empirical facts that diatopical variation in language is highly complex. A closer look at the context of Lithuanian dialectology research reveals that the concept of complexity is still not discussed thoroughly; while specific studies are practically non-existent. The most general methodological principle which should be applied in carrying out an areal-typological study of the complexity of Lithuanian dialects could be referred to as the principle of offside. This means that studies of Lithuanian dialectology should offside from the conventionally applied research tradition and from: a) the aim to classify dialects typologically; b) all classifications of Lithuanian dialects published up to date; c) distinctive features described in the contemporary classification (as well as earlier classifications); d) the goal to specify the boundaries of dialects and subdialects. The second general theoretical criterion is related to the approach to the linguistic system. Here I rely on the concept of a diasystem introduced into the field of dialectology by Uriel Weinreich (1954; 1974). The whole area of the Lithuanian language together with its diatopical variants may be interpreted as a diasystem of Lithuanian which consists of separate systems. The most suitable, convenient and universal criteria for the analysis of empirical data established by the long-standing theory and practice of research into phonology are the following: 1) the quality of the elements of a vocalism system; 2) the quantity of the elements of a vocalism system; 3) the interrelationship between the quality and quantity of a vocalism system. Since here we are dealing with the Lithuanian language which features a complex prosodic system, we must introduce an additional criterion, i.e. 4) stress. Empirical data for the present study were collected from modern, phonological “grammars of dialects”. This article does not encompass the whole diasystem of the Lithuanian language since it only tackles the area covered by the Aukštaičiai dialect. The main phonological qualities according to which the basic vocalism model of the diasystem of the Aukštaičiai dialect can be described are the following: 1) the system of long vowels in the stressed position; 2) the shift in the level of rise of low vowels; 3) the system of short vowels in the stressed position; 4) automatic qualitative shifts; 5) vowel reduction (three degrees). The basic vocalism model described in accordance with the above criteria rather clearly indicates that the great differentiation of Lithuanian dialects postulated in the works on Lithuanian dialectology only has a phonetic and not a phonological basis and it can only be based on the differences of phonetic features. A phonological approach to the diasystem of the Aukštaičiai dialect of Lithuanian does not reveal any radical or extreme differentiation. In addition, the model also shows another significant regularity. The more features are taken into account, the lower the occurrence of individual, less significant dialectal elements distinguished on the basis of one feature (in comparison to the classification by A. Girdenis and Z. Zinkevičius). This approach thus allows solving the complexity of the puzzle of Lithuanian dialects (or, rather the complexity of the diasystem of the Aukštaičiai dialect of Lithuanian) which is summarised in Figure 10. As the matrix in Figure 9 illustrates, the diasystem of the Aukštaičiai dialect of Lithuanian so far consists of three zones represented in the matrix by three different colours.

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