CHANGE IN DEFORMATION PROPERTIES MODELING OF CONCRETE IN PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR BY IONIZING RADIATION

Results of annual examinations of peripheral blood and single examinations of bone marrow after 11, 14, 15, and 22 years of the chronic exposure to ionizing radiation in total doses of 24.25, 103.96, 111.84, and 74.09 mSv, respectively, are presented along with the results on the morphology of microvasculature vessels in skin tissue samples of two men and two women working at a nuclear reactor. Changes in the content of hemoglobin, total number of leucocytes, population of erythrocytes, neutrophils, reticulocytes, and in the composition of maturating and mature myeloid and erythroid cells accompanied by an increase составе in the number of cells of the lymphoid and monocytic pool as the intensity of inflammatory changes in microvasculature vessels increases from productive panvasculitis to panvasculitis with sclerosis of vessel wall were noticed. The presented actual material indicates that damages in the blood system can be connected with the intensity of pathological changes in microvasculature vessels, which represent one of the local components of hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment responsible for hemopoiesis regulation.

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Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma of the Cecum: A Radiation-Associated Tumor in a Previously Unreported Site

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2007-131-1825-sefotc ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 131 (12) ◽

pp. 1825-1828 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jared C. Frattini ◽

Julie Ann Sosa ◽

Susanne Carmack ◽

Marie E. Robert

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Atomic Bomb ◽

External Beam Radiation ◽

Low Grade ◽

Beam Radiation ◽

Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma ◽

First Case ◽

Radiation Induced

Abstract Data from the nuclear reactor explosion in Chernobyl and the atomic bomb detonations in Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated an association between ionizing radiation and tumoriogenesis. There is a significant association between external beam radiation and radiation-induced sarcoma. Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is a rare form of malignant fibrosarcoma that is low grade and indolent with distinct immunohistopathologic characteristics that usually occurs in the soft tissues of the extremities. A 62-year-old man from Kiev who aided in the cleanup at Chernobyl presented with crampy abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. His workup revealed a cecal mass, and the final pathology from his laparotomy confirmed sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma with metastasis to the liver. In addition to a review of the literature, we report the first case of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma arising from the large bowel. Exposure to ionizing radiation from Chernobyl could have played a role in the development of his tumor.

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Results pathomorphologic study of musculocutaneous tissue samplings with people who subject to influence a little doses of ionizing radiation

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2010-5-77-81 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 77-81

Author(s):

Ya. V. Porovsky ◽

V. V. Nedosekov ◽

A. I. Ryzhov ◽

F. F. Tetenev

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Vessel Wall ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Lower Leg ◽

Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽

Histological Feature ◽

Small Doses ◽

Research Nuclear Reactor

To study the influence of small doses of ionizing radiation on microvasculature, the skin-muscular biopsy in the lower leg region was performed in 33 liquidators or clean-up workers at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and 7 workers of a typical research nuclear reactor (RNR).A histological feature in the liquidators was the presence of the disseminated productive panvasculitis with pronounced lymphocytary infiltration of the vessel wall and sclerosis outcome in most microvasculature vessels, perivascular sclerosis. Changes in vessels of RNR workers increased with the increase а total doses from productive panvasculitis with involvement from few to most microvasculature vessels, formation of perivascular fibrosis and perivascular sclerosis. The revealed changes may be significant in the observed somatic pathology.

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The Use of Polycarbonate as Dosimeter of High Doses

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science ◽

10.1115/1.4049717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

David Zoul ◽

Markéta Koplová ◽

Vít Rosnecký ◽

Michal Košťál ◽

Miroslav Vinš ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Applied Research ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Neutron Radiation ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

High Dose ◽

Research Nuclear Reactor ◽

High Doses ◽

Basic And Applied Research

Abstract Dosimetry of high doses of ionizing radiation is a method widely used not only in the field of basic and applied research but also in various industries. High-dose irradiation is used in the sterilization of foodstuffs and prolongation of their shelf life, sterilization of tools, materials and wastewater, treatment of antiquities attacked by woodworm organisms, biological and genetic research, inhibition of seed germination, and retardation of fruit ripening. Furthermore, it has been applied in radiation resistance testing of materials, defectoscopy, industrial irradiation of materials (e.g., crosslinking and grafting of polymers or gemstone coloring by ionizing radiation), and last but not least, of course, nuclear energetics. In this work, the dosimetric properties of polycarbonate are studied. They are compared with a standardized and certified method using alanine dosimeters. In the case of gammas, the testing was realized for 60Co and neutron radiation was studied in the light water research nuclear reactor (LVR-15).

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Semen Quality of Workers Exposed to Ionizing Radiation in Decontamination Work after the Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor Accident

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health ◽

10.1179/oeh.1997.3.3.198 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Benjamin Bartoov ◽

Natalia Zabludovsky ◽

Fina Eltes ◽

Valery V. Smirnov ◽

Valentin I. Grischenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Reactor Accident

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Analytical model for determining the leakage albedo component for a direct cylindrical channel passing through the nuclear reactor protective layer

Nuclear Energy and Technology ◽

10.3897/nucet.7.68941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 91-95

Author(s):

Kirill S. Kupriyanov ◽

Vladimir V. Pereverzentsev

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Radiation Flux ◽

Gamma Quantum ◽

Protective Layer ◽

Radiation Environment ◽

Line Of Sight ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Radiation Fluxes ◽

Quantum Flux

The task of determining the radiation situation, including neutron and gamma-quantum flux density, radiation spectrum, specific volumetric activity of radioactive gases in the air, etc. behind the protective composition having inhomogeneities, has always been important in matters of radiation safety. One of the ways to solve the problem of determining gamma radiation fluxes was to divide the total ionizing radiation flux into four components: line-of-sight (LOS), leakage, line-of-sight albedo, and leakage albedo, and obtain an analytical solution for each component. The first three components have been studied in detail in relation to simple geometries and there are analytical solutions for them, but there is no such a solution for the last component. The authors of this work have derived an analytical representation for the leakage albedo component, which, in contrast to numerical methods (such as Monte Carlo methods), makes it possible to analyze the effect of inhomogeneities in protective compositions on the radiation environment as well as to quickly obtain estimated values of fluxes and dose rates. Performing a component-by-component comparison, it becomes possible to single out the most significant mechanisms of the dose load formation behind the nuclear reactor protection, to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of design solutions in the protection design and to improve the protection at significantly lower computational costs. Finally, the authors present calculations for the four components of the total ionizing radiation flux for various parameters of the cylindrical inhomogeneity in the reactor protection. Based on the obtained values, conclusions are made about the importance of taking into account the leakage albedo component in the formation of the radiation situation behind the core vessel.

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Experimental research on the haulage drifts stability in steeply dipping seams

Mining of Mineral Deposits ◽

10.33271/mining15.04.056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 56-67

Author(s):

Ihor Iordanov ◽

Ihor Buleha ◽

Yaroslava Bachurina ◽

Hennadii Boichenko ◽

Vitaliy Dovgal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bearing Capacity ◽

Mine Working ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Load Bearing Capacity ◽

Mining Site ◽

Load Bearing ◽

Deformation Properties ◽

Mine Workings ◽

Coal Pillars ◽

Protective Structures

Purpose. Substantiation of the conditions for haulage drifts stability using different protection methods in steeply dipping seams based on a set of experimental studies. Methods. To achieve the purpose set, mine instrumental observations have been performed to study the rock pressure manifestations in zonal advance workings adjacent to the stope face on the haulage horizon. The conditions for their maintenance, within the mining site, are assessed by the side rocks convergence value on the drift contour and the change in the cross-sectional area, taking into account the deformation properties of the protective structures. Findings. It is recorded that in the zone of the stope works influence, in the most difficult conditions, haulage drifts are maintained, when coal pillars or clumps of prop stays are used for their protection. It has been determined that a decrease in the section of such mine workings up to 50% is the result of the protective structures destruction. When protecting the hau-lage drifts with the rolling-on chocks, a decrease in the mine working section up to 30% occurs in the process of the protective structures compression. It has been revealed that deformation of coal pillars or clumps of prop stays up to 10-20% leads to a loss of their stability, and an increase to 60% leads to a complete loss of their load-bearing capacity, intensification of rock displacements on the mine working contour and deterioration of its stability. It has been determined that in the process of deformation of the rolling-on chocks from sleepers by 20-60%, they are compressed without loss of load-bearing capacity, which ensures a smooth deflection of the overhanging stratum and restriction of rock displacements on the haulage drift contour. Originality. To study the deformation characteristics of protective structures above the drift, the function of the increment is used of side rock displacements on the haulage drift contour along the mining site length dependent on the relative deformations of protective structures, which makes it possible to assess the real dynamics of the process. Practical implications. When mining steep coal seams, using the specificity of geomechanical processes, which are manifested in an anisotropic coal-rock mass during unloading, satisfactory mine workings stability can be ensured by changing the deformation properties of protective structures above the drift.

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Use of Gaussian process regression for radiation mapping of a nuclear reactor with a mobile robot

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93474-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrew West ◽

Ioannis Tsitsimpelis ◽

Mauro Licata ◽

Anz̆e Jazbec ◽

Luka Snoj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Gaussian Process ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Radiation Transport ◽

Gaussian Process Regression ◽

Crisis Response ◽

Nuclear Facilities ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Steady State Operation ◽

Stefan Institute

AbstractCollection and interpolation of radiation observations is of vital importance to support routine operations in the nuclear sector globally, as well as for completing surveys during crisis response. To reduce exposure to ionizing radiation that human workers can be subjected to during such surveys, there is a strong desire to utilise robotic systems. Previous approaches to interpolate measurements taken from nuclear facilities to reconstruct radiological maps of an environment cannot be applied accurately to data collected from a robotic survey as they are unable to cope well with irregularly spaced, noisy, low count data. In this work, a novel approach to interpolating radiation measurements collected from a robot is proposed that overcomes the problems associated with sparse and noisy measurements. The proposed method integrates an appropriate kernel, benchmarked against the radiation transport code MCNP6, into the Gaussian Process Regression technique. The suitability of the proposed technique is demonstrated through its application to data collected from a bespoke robotic system used to conduct a survey of the Joz̆ef Stefan Institute TRIGA Mark II nuclear reactor during steady state operation, where it is shown to successfully reconstruct gamma dosimetry estimates in the reactor hall and aid in identifying sources of ionizing radiation.

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Radiation-induced surface decomposition

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075592 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 368-369

Author(s):

M. L. Knotek

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Atomic Structure ◽

Chemical Bonding ◽

Neutral Species ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Surface Decomposition ◽

The Relationship ◽

Electron And Photon ◽

Surface Bond

Modern surface analysis is based largely upon the use of ionizing radiation to probe the electronic and atomic structure of the surfaces physical and chemical makeup. In many of these studies the ionizing radiation used as the primary probe is found to induce changes in the structure and makeup of the surface, especially when electrons are employed. A number of techniques employ the phenomenon of radiation induced desorption as a means of probing the nature of the surface bond. These include Electron- and Photon-Stimulated Desorption (ESD and PSD) which measure desorbed ionic and neutral species as they leave the surface after the surface has been excited by some incident ionizing particle. There has recently been a great deal of activity in determining the relationship between the nature of chemical bonding and its susceptibility to radiation damage.

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In situ TEM studies of irradiation effects for materials improvement

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100086568 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 452-453

Author(s):

Charles W. Allen

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽

High Energy ◽

Point Of View ◽

In Situ Tem ◽

Irradiation Effects ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Analytical Tools

Irradiation effects studies employing TEMs as analytical tools have been conducted for almost as many years as materials people have done TEM, motivated largely by materials needs for nuclear reactor development. Such studies have focussed on the behavior both of nuclear fuels and of materials for other reactor components which are subjected to radiation-induced degradation. Especially in the 1950s and 60s, post-irradiation TEM analysis may have been coupled to in situ (in reactor or in pile) experiments (e.g., irradiation-induced creep experiments of austenitic stainless steels). Although necessary from a technological point of view, such experiments are difficult to instrument (measure strain dynamically, e.g.) and control (temperature, e.g.) and require months or even years to perform in a nuclear reactor or in a spallation neutron source. Consequently, methods were sought for simulation of neutroninduced radiation damage of materials, the simulations employing other forms of radiation; in the case of metals and alloys, high energy electrons and high energy ions.

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