scholarly journals An atypical case of proventricular dilatation in a Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 316-319
Author(s):  
T. Hellebuyck ◽  
L. Geerinckx ◽  
J. Simard ◽  
M. Verlinden ◽  
A. Van Caelenberg
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Atypical Case ◽  
Contrast Radiography

A Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus) was presented with regurgitation and passage of undigested seeds in the feces. Radiographic examination revealed dilatation of the proventriculus. Contrast radiography was performed and revealed that the proventricular dilatation and associated clinical signs resulted from circumferential thickening of the proventricular wall leading to severe narrowing of the lumen of the proventriculus. Testing for parrot bornavirus (PaBV) was negative. After the initiation of antimicrobial treatment because of suspected bacterial overgrowth, all clinical signs resolved two weeks after the start of the treatment, and radiographs taken four months after initial presentation revealed a normal appearance and size of the proventriculus. In the present case, bacterial proventriculitis associated with hyperplasia of the proventricular wall was put forward as a final but presumptive diagnosis highlighting the need to differentiate bacterial proventriculitis from other causes of proventricular dilatation in macaws.

scholarly journals Image Diagnosis in Extensor Tendons Injuries in the Radiocarpal Region in Horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Heide Nunes Paz ◽  
Daniel De Medeiros Assis ◽  
Clédson Calixto de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Barbosa Palmeira ◽  
Bruno Henrique Rodrigues do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Injuries ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Extensor Tendons

Background: Soft tissue injuries are common in sport horses, especially those involving tendons, with few current reports in the literature on the diagnosis of extensor injuries, especially with regard to ultrasound characteristics, being essential for the diagnosis of these injuries. The objective of the study is to characterize the clinical signs and the alterations of images, especially ultrasound, in the diagnosis of these lesions of the dorsal radiocarpal region, through case reports of horses seen at the Medical Clinic of Large Animals of the Federal University of Campina Grande (MCLA/UFCG), Patos-PB, Brazil.Cases: The study includes five “vaquejada” competitions horses, of which two were active and the others were away from the sport before the onset of the problem, with injuries to the extensor tendons in the radiocarpal region. Two of the animals had involvement of the common digital extensor muscle tendon (CDEMT), with acute and chronic tenosynovitis, and three with involvement of the extensor carpi radialis muscle tendon (ECRMT), presenting acute tendonitis, septic tenosynovitis and rupture, all of traumatic etiology, except for one whose cause has not been determined. On physical examination, the affected tendon was noticeable in three cases, and two had other injuries associated with the tendons. Bone alteration in the radiographic examination was observed in two cases, however, one of them related to another disease in the radiocarpal palmar region. Ultrasound images, performed in all cases, showed different characteristics and degrees of the involvement of the tendon and its sheath.Discussion: The scarcity of current reports of extensor tendon injuries in horses can be attributed to the fact that they do not suffer as much overload or effect from biomechanics compared to flexor tendons, in addition to being an area of little soft tissue covering these tendons. Although the involvement of the extensor tendons is more frequent in the pelvic limbs, due to lacerations, the occurrence of lesions in the dorsal radiocarpal region may be related to excess flexion, being easily susceptible to trauma to solid objects. The specific clinical examination, associated with a well-explored anamnesis, can allow us to locate the lesion and achieve a presumptive diagnosis. In three cases, tendon injuries were noticeable on inspection and palpation, important points to guide the diagnosis. However, in two cases with associated injuries this perception became difficult. Regardless of the clinical diagnosis, imaging diagnosis in lesions of the locomotor system was essential, as it allowed us to assess bone involvement, accurately determine the location of the lesion, its extent and prognosis, which would not be possible only in the clinic. Through ultrasonography it was possible to classify the lesions into acute (hypoechoic areas) and chronic (hyperechoic areas or with heterogeneous pattern of variable echogenicity), in addition to the thickness and characteristic of the liquid in the tendon sheath, which are also important aspects for lesion classification. Thus, we conclude that the dorsal region at the carpal level is susceptible to trauma and can easily compromise the extensor tendons. And for the diagnosis and adequate conduct, it is necessary to determine ultrasound image regarding the different types of lesions, which is provided in the present study.

scholarly journals Importance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis in Clinical Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Ana García-Galán ◽  
Juan Seva ◽  
Ángel Gómez-Martín ◽  
Joaquín Ortega ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Feedlot Calves ◽  
Fixed Panel

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important viral and/or bacterial disease that mainly affects feedlot calves. The involvement of Mycoplasma bovis in BRD can lead to chronic pneumonia poorly responsive to antimicrobial treatment. Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia is a pulmonary lesion typically associated with M. bovis. In Spain, M. bovis is widely distributed in the feedlots and circulating isolates are resistant to most antimicrobials in vitro. However, the role of this species in clinical respiratory disease of feedlot calves remains unknown. Furthermore, available data are relative to a fixed panel of antimicrobials commonly used to treat BRD, but not to the specific set of antimicrobials that have been used for treating each animal. This study examined 23 feedlot calves raised in southeast Spain (2016–2019) with clinical signs of respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment. The presence of M. bovis was investigated through bacteriology (culture and subsequent PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, mainly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23). Immunohistochemistry revealed M. bovis antigens in 73.9% (17/23) of the calves in which caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia was the most frequent lesion (16/17). Minimum inhibitory concentration assays confirmed the resistance of a selection of 12 isolates to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results stress the importance of M. bovis in the BRD affecting feedlot calves in Spain.

Short Oral Antibiotic Treatment of Osteomyelitis Questioned

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Cortical Destruction

Dr. Rothman of Haverhill, MA questioned the short duration of antimicrobial treatment and use of oral route for the patient with osteomyelitis presented by Bennett in PIR 1:153, November 1979. He noted that the traditional regimen for osteomyelitis calls for six weeks of intravenous antimicrobial therapy. Dr. Bennett quotes from Telzlaff et al (J Pediatr 92:485, 1978). In this report good results were found when antimicrobial regimens for patients with osteomyelitis and suppurative arthritis consisted of a brief initial period of parenteral therapy of only one to seven days followed by oral antimicrobial therapy begun when there was a definitive decrease in clinical signs of inflammation and continued for three weeks or longer. It is important to note that surgical drainage of pus was carried out, that antimicrobial blood levels were obtained after initiation of oral therapy to ensure adequate levels, that therapy was continued until all signs and symptoms had subsided, that there was no evidence of cortical destruction or sequestrum formation on roentgenogram, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was less than 20 mg/hr. When these conditions are met it is clear that oral therapy can be an adequate substitute for prolonged intravenous therapy for osteomyelitis in children.

scholarly journals An afebrile heartwater-like syndrome in goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda Leask ◽  
Kenneth P. Pettey ◽  
Gareth F. Bath
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Febrile Reaction ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Control

Heartwater is a serious limiting factor for sheep and goat production in the major endemic area of sub-Saharan Africa and therefore most knowledge, research and control methods originate from this region. Whilst the usual or common clinical presentations can be used to make a presumptive diagnosis of heartwater with a good measure of confidence, this is not always the case, and animals suffering from heartwater may be misdiagnosed because their cases do not conform to the expected syndrome, signs and lesions. One aberrant form found occasionally in the Channel Island breeds of cattle and some goats is an afebrile heartwaterlike syndrome. The most constant and characteristic features of this heartwater-like syndrome comprise normal temperature, clinical signs associated with generalised oedema, and nervous signs, especially hypersensitivity. The presumption that the disease under investigation is the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome entails a tentative diagnosis based on history and clinical signs and the response to presumed appropriate treatment (metadiagnosis). The afebrile heartwater-like syndrome presents similarly to peracute heartwater but without the febrile reaction. Peracute cases of heartwater have a high mortality rate, enabling confirmation of the disease on post-mortem examination. Recognition of the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome is important to prevent deaths and identify the need for appropriate control measures.

scholarly journals Case Report: Spinal Stabilization Surgery Using a Novel Custom-Made Titanium Fixation System for the Spinal Instability Caused by Vertebral Malformation in a Dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Kimura ◽  
Kohei Nakata ◽  
Yukiko Nakano ◽  
Yuta Nozue ◽  
Naoyuki Konno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Spinal Instability ◽  
Spinal Fixation ◽  
Spinal Stabilization ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dorsal Laminectomy ◽  
Fixation System

A 2-year-old Maltese was presented with wobbly gait of the pelvic limbs. Based on imaging examinations, a diagnosis of congenital malformation at T5–T8 and severe kyphosis causing spinal cord compression at T6–T7 was made. Dorsal laminectomy and stabilization of T6 and T7 vertebrae were performed. As the size of the vertebrae was small and they were severely deformed, novel custom-made titanium implants were used for spinal stabilization. Clinical signs were resolved 2 weeks after surgery. Although radiographic examination 373 days after surgery showed slight loosening of implants, post-operative course remained uneventful. This report describes the use of novel custom-made titanium implants for spinal fixation surgery in a dog.

scholarly journals Traumatic bone cyst of mandible: a case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnoosh Razmara ◽  
Zahra Ghoncheh ◽  
Ghazal Shabankare
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mandibular Region ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Anterior Mandible

Abstract Background A traumatic bone cyst is an uncommon nonneoplastic lesion of the jaws that is considered as a “pseudocyst” because of the lack of an epithelial lining. This lesion is particularly asymptomatic and therefore is diagnosed by routine dental radiographic examination as a unilocular radiolucency with scalloped borders, mainly in the posterior mandibular region. The exact etiopathogenesis of the lesion remains uncertain, though it is often associated with trauma. Case presentation We report three Persian cases of traumatic bone cyst with different clinical and radiographic features, and we present a review of the literature to further discuss diagnostic and treatment challenges. Only one of the three patients reported a history of trauma, and despite the usual signs and symptoms of the lesion, extension of the defect to the ramus, swelling of the lingual cortex, and their unusual presence in the anterior mandible were noted in these patients. Conclusions Because features of this cyst can be varied, careful history taking and radiographic evaluation alongside the clinical signs and symptoms have a very significant role in definitive diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and accurate assessment of prognosis.

scholarly journals Simple bone cyst in a 7-year-old child

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heitor ALBERGONI DA SILVEIRA ◽  
Camila LOPES CARDOSO ◽  
Mariane PEXE ◽  
Rafael ZETEHAKU ARAUJO ◽  
Anthony BENITES CONDEZO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Simple Bone Cyst ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Tooth Roots ◽  
Expansive Lesion ◽  
Exploratory Surgery

ABSTRACT The simple bone cyst,or traumatic bone cyst, solitary or idiopathic bone cavity is an intraosseous pseudocyst discovered through a panoramic radiographic examination. Commonly, the SBC is presented as an asymptomatic lesion, radiolucent, unilocular, without cortical expansion, with margins adorning vital tooth roots of the affected region. The literature has recommended that clinical and radiographic aspects of simple bone cyst are quite convincing as to diagnosis, so follow-up through clinical and radiographic examination has been suggested. This case illustrates an exuberant clinical case of simple bone cyst, which was presented as multilocular and expansive lesion in a 7-year-old patient. Surgical exploration was performed because her parents were anxious about the presumptive diagnosis of other more aggressive lesions. The diagnosis of SBC was confirmed. The case was monitored and, after three years, total bone remodeling of the affected area was observed. In conclusion, asymptomatic radiolucent lesions that suggest a strong presumptive diagnosis of a simple bone cyst can be clinically and radiographically monitored. However, clinical variations, as in the present clinical case, require confirmation of the diagnosis, which is performed through exploratory surgery. The establishment of the diagnosis affords the safest approach for both the professional and the patient.

Long-term Results of Conservative Treatment, Excision Arthroplasty and Triple Pelvic Osteotomy for the Treatment of Hip Dysplasia in the Immature Dog

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dupuis ◽  
G. Beauregard ◽  
N. H. Bonneau ◽  
L. Breton ◽  
J. Planté
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Hip Dysplasia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pelvic Osteotomy ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Conservative Group ◽  
Excision Arthroplasty

SummaryThe efficiency of conservative treatment, excision arthroplasty of the femoral head and neck and triple pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of hip dysplasia in the immature dog were compared using locomotor, physical and radiographic examinations and owner’s evaluation. Cases selected for this study were dogs diagnosed with bilateral hip dysplasia, initially admitted with clinical signs (lameness, pain), immature at the beginning of the treatment (less than 12 months of age), with both hips subjected to the same treatment (conservative treatment, excision arthroplasty of the femoral head and neck or triple pelvic osteotomy). These dogs never showed any musculoskeletal problems other than hip dysplasia and the surgical treatment had been completed at least 20 months prior to re-evaluation time. Fourteen hips were re-evaluated in the conservative group, 16 in the triple pelvic osteotomy group and ten in the excision arthroplasty group. Locomotor, physical and owner’s evaluations demonstrated the superiority of the triple pelvic osteotomy. These evaluations also showed that excision arthroplasty was more efficient than conservative treatment. Radiographic examination demonstrated the obvious superiority of the triple pelvic osteotomy over conservative treatment.Locomotor, physical and owner’s evaluations demonstrated the superiority of the triple pelvic osteotomy over conservative treatment and excision arthroplasty for the treatment of hip dysplasia in the immature dog. Radiographic examination demonstrated the obvious superiority of the triple pelvic osteotomy over conservative treatment for joint congruence and control of degenerative joint disease.

scholarly journals Clostridial Enteric Infections in Pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glenn Songer ◽  
Francisco A. Uzal
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Type C ◽  
Beta Toxin

Clostridium perfringens types A and C and Clostridium difficile are the principal enteric clostridial pathogens of swine. History, clinical signs of disease, and gross and microscopic findings form the basis for a presumptive diagnosis of C. perfringens type-C enteritis. Confirmation is based on isolation of large numbers of type-C C. perfringens and/or detection of beta toxin in intestinal contents. Diagnosis of C. perfringens type-A infection, however, remains controversial, mostly because the condition has not been well defined and because type-A organisms and their most important major (alpha) toxin can be found in intestinal contents of healthy and diseased pigs. Isolation of large numbers of C. perfringens type A from intestinal contents, in the absence of other enteric pathogens, is the most reliable criterion on which to base a diagnosis. Recently, beta2 (CPB2) toxin-producing C. perfringens type A has been linked to disease in piglets and other animals. However, implication of CPB2 in pathogenesis of porcine infections is based principally on isolation of C. perfringens carrying cpb2, the gene encoding CPB2, and the specific role of CPB2 in enteric disease of pigs remains to be fully defined. Clostridium difficile can also be a normal inhabitant of the intestine of healthy pigs, and diagnosis of enteric infection with this microorganism is based on detection of its toxins in feces or intestinal contents.

scholarly journals Urinary Bladder Stone Removal Surgery in Sulcata tortoise (Geochelon sulcata) with Lateral Plastron Osteotomy Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-637
Author(s):  
Dian Ayu Kartika Sari ◽  
Desty Apritya
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Bladder Stone ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Stone Removal ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Osteotomy Technique ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

This paper aimed to examine the management of urinary calculi of a sulcata tortoise. A 5-year-old Sulcata tortoise (Geochelon sulcata) was presented with a history of dehydration, loss of appetite, and lameness. Clinical signs and radiographic examination indicated urinary calculi in the urinary bladder. Radiographic results revealed that there was a radiopaque urinary calculi mass. Plastron osteotomy and cystotomy techniques were used to remove urinary calculi. The appetite of the tortoise returned to normal in a week after the surgery. The lateral plastron is an appropriate osteotomy technique, especially for the immediate opening of the plastron with a stone-filled bladder. This was a safe area to open plastron since it was far from the heart. This method was not beneficial for the tortoise in their infancy since it would interrupt the development of plastron formation resulting in the postoperative asymmetrical plastron structure.

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