scholarly journals NON-MALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THROUGH 30 YEARS AFTER CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
O. V. Kaminskyi ◽  
O. V. Kopilova ◽  
D. Y. Afanasyev ◽  
O. V. Pronin ◽  
N. S. Dombrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Toxic Goiter

A retrospective analysis of data 1992–2014 years shows that the prevalence of thyroid patology in people affected by the Chernobyl accident is 40.3 %, in emergency workers — 35.4 %, in those whowere evacuated from the exclusion zone — 27.2 %, in residents of radiation contaminated areas — 28.6 %. It’s significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in the general Ukrainian population (3.9 %). The most common non-malignant endocrine diseases in individuals who have suffered as a result of the Chernobyl accident were: nodular goiter — 14.4 %, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis 8 %, preobese/obesity 41.9 %/36.8 %, pre-diabetes/diabetes 15.5 %/21.4 %. The most common non-malignant endocrine diseases liquidators of the Chernobyl accident were nodular goiter — 21.8 %, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis — 12.9 %, pre-obese/obesity — 41.7 %/33.6 %, prediabetes/diabetes — 8.6 %/12.2 %. Critical groups were children evacuated from the 30 km exclusion zone and irradiated at the age of 3–6 years. They had diffuse toxic goiter in 43.7 %, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis — 1.7 %, primary hypothyroidism — 0.96 %, nodular goiter — 2.3 %, and the peak prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis occurred in 2001–2003. An active period of their puberty. Among children who were born from irradiated parents (first generation), thyroid disease was detected in 42.6 %, it exceeded the rate in the control group, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis diagnosed significantly less frequently — at 0.45 %, diffuse toxic goiter in 9.5–13.8 %, nodular goiter at 1.7 %. Non-malignant endocrine pathology in exposed adults and children is common, occurs in 3–53 % of individuals, occurs in the majority of victims in 10–15 years after exposure to the radiation factor in the result of technogenic accident or incident, it continues to grow slowly in 30 years.

scholarly journals Draft of the clinical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
V. V. Fadeev ◽  
T. B. Morgunova ◽  
G. A. Melnichenko ◽  
I. I. Dedov
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Endocrine Diseases

Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine diseases. More than 99% of all cases of hypothyroidism in adults are due to primary hypothyroidism. Most often, hypothyroidism develops because of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, as well as after medical manipulations (iatrogenic hypothyroidism) — postoperative or as a result of therapy with radioactive iodine. The article presents a draft of clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in different groups of patients, including pregnant women.

scholarly journals “Vitamin D Deficiency Is More Common in Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Retrospective Study”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nino Turashvili ◽  
Lali Javashvili ◽  
Elene Giorgadze
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibody ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Antithyroglobulin Antibodies ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Background. Vitamin D is a hormone that is mainly produced in the skin upon ultraviolet B radiation exposure and has important influence on various organs. In recent years, data have been collected that vitamin D deficiency plays an important role in the development of various nonskeletal diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) is one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune endocrine diseases. It is characterized by increased level of antithyroid peroxidase and/or antithyroglobulin antibodies in blood, which often leads to thyroid dysfunction and structural changes of the gland. There is an opinion that vitamin D deficiency may be considered as an important risk factor for development of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, but data of various small studies are controversial. Despite the fact that Georgia is a sunny country, vitamin D deficiency is a widespread problem here. Thyroid diseases, including the chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, are also very common in Georgia. The aim of our research was to compare the level of vitamin D between the patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and the healthy subjects. Methods. This retrospective study enrolled subjects, who were 18–70 years old and visited the clinics “Cortex” and “National Institute of Endocrinology” in 2018 or in 2019 from mid-spring to mid-summer. Data of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, antithyroglobulin antibodies, thyroid ultrasonography, and 25(OH) vitamin D were retrospectively analysed based on medical history. In total, data of 1295 patients were collected. The statistical processing of data was performed through the SPSS 20 program. Results. The negative association between thyroid-stimulating hormone, antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, antithyroglobulin antibodies, heterogeneous parenchyma of thyroid gland, and vitamin D was found in women. Statistically significant association was not detected in men. Conclusions. Serum vitamin D is lower in women with autoimmune thyroiditis and primary hypothyroidism. Further studies are needed to evaluate the influence of vitamin D supplementation on thyroid autoantibody positivity or primary hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Langerhans Isletsβ-Cells Autoantibodies (Anti-GAD) in Georgian Children and Adolescents with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Balakhadze ◽  
Elene Giorgadze ◽  
Marina Lomidze
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Gad Antibodies ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Aim. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus are organ-specific autoimmune diseases. There is large evidence that autoimmunity against the thyroid gland in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is increased, but little is known about anti-islet cell autoimmune status in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. We evaluated the concentration of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) which are widely used as a diagnostic and predictive tool for type 1 diabetes mellitus, in school-aged Georgian children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.Methods. The frequency of anti-GAD antibodies was measured in Georgian school-aged children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and compared to healthy age and sex matched controls.Results. Of the 41 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis 4 (9.8%) were positive for GAD antibodies. The frequency of GAD positivity in the chronic autoimmune thyroiditis group was significantly higher than in the control subjects (P=0.036).Conclusion. In the study we found that the frequency of GAD antibody positivity in autoimmune thyroiditis patients was significantly higher (9.8%,P=0.036) than in the control group. Our findings support the concept that patients with autoimmune thyroid disease may develop type 1 diabetes mellitus in future life.

Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Coexisting Autoimmune Thyroiditis

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 869-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Veit ◽  
Dieter Graf ◽  
Saskia Momberger ◽  
Brigitte Helmich-Kapp ◽  
Ilka Ruschenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Younger Age

AbstractHistological findings often display an association between papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and so differ significantly from follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC). The aim of this interdisciplinary, retrospective study was to evaluate the association of AIT in patients with PTC and FTC and a control group of benign nodular goiters. One hundred thyroidectomies with histologically confirmed differentiated thyroid carcinomas, 67 with PTC and 33 with FTC, were submitted for examination. The two control groups consisted of 60 patients with euthyroid nodular goiter, displaying no signs for malignancy (no surgery) and 100 patients (second control group) with surgery of a benign nodular goiter. Controls were collected to obtain data about the incidence of significantly increased TPOAbs in the first group and of lymphocytic infiltrates (LI) in the second group. High TPOAbs were found in 35% (23/67) of patients with PTC. LI were detected by histology in 48% (32/67) of PTC. Ten patients (10/32) of this group showed the clinical and histological manifestation of a classic AIT with diffuse dense LI as well as diffuse hypoechogeneity in ultrasonography. In 7/32 cases, the histological report described focal dense LI (fAIT) and in 15/32 cases scant scattered LI. AIT and fAIT, together 25% of all PTC (17/67), showed germinal centers and can therefore be characterized as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. In this group, high TPOAb could be detected in 94% (16/17). Scan scattered LI without germinal centers (15/32) do not represent a fAIT, although TPOAb are high in 47% (7/15). The younger age group (<45 years) showed significantly more often high TPOAbs (p<0.023) in comparison with the age-group older than 60 years. In contrast to PTC, only 4/33 (12%) patients with FTC had high TPOAb levels. We conclude that in contrast to benign euthyroid goiters and to FTC, different degrees of LI are often associated with high TPOAb levels and seem to be significantly increased in PTC, particularly prominent in younger age. There is a high coincidence between LI and high TPOAb levels. In the presence of hypoechoic thyroid nodule, signs of thyroid autoimmunity such as the presence of high TPOAbs, lymphocytic infiltration in cytology, and/or characteristic ultrasonic features, are arguments that might favor the decision for surgery if a cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodule is found and focal autonomy is excluded by szintiscan.

scholarly journals Shear-Wave Elastography—Diagnostic Value in Children with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Cristina Mihaela Cepeha ◽  
Corina Paul ◽  
Andreea Borlea ◽  
Renata Fofiu ◽  
Florin Borcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Pathology ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation

Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) is the most common thyroid disorder in the pediatric population. Ultrasound evaluation may suggest the diagnosis. Additionally, shear-wave elastography (SWE) proved to be a valuable additional diagnosis tool in adults with CAT by assessing thyroid stiffness (TS). This study aims to assess its use also in detecting children with CAT. The study group consisted of 50 children with confirmed diagnosis of CAT, who were compared to the control group, consisting of 50 children with no thyroid pathology and with an adult group of 50 subjects with CAT. The evaluation included, besides bioimmunochemical evaluation, also thyroid ultrasound evaluation and elastography measurements in the same session (Aixplorer Mach 30, Supersonic imagine, France). The mean TS values were significantly lower for children in the CAT group compared to adults with CAT (15.51 ± 4.76 kPa vs. 20.96 ± 6.31 kPa; p < 0.0001) and higher compared to the healthy aged matched controls (15.51 ± 4.76 kPa vs. 10.41 ± 2.01 kPa; p < 0.0001). SWE elastography definitely seems a promising technique in the evaluation of children with autoimmune thyroid pathology.

scholarly journals Hormonal contraception with progestagen desogestrel in women with diffuse non-toxic goiter аnd autoimmune thyroiditis

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Galina Petrovna Pologoyko ◽  
Maria Igorivna Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Tatyana Mihajlovna Lekareva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
And Function

The article represents influence of gestagen desogestrel on size and function of thyroid gland in women of reproductive age. Into the study we included 70 women who were prescribed gestagen desogestrel in a daily dose of 75 mg for a period of 12 months. All the patients were devided into two groups. The first group consisted of 20 women with diffuse nontoxic goiter, the second consisted of 30 women with autoimmune thyroiditis. Control group consisted of 20 women without thyroid gland pathology. Prior to therapy with desogestrel and after 12 month of treatment, serum levels of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyrotropin releasing hormone, thyroperoxidase antibodies were determined and thyroid gland sonigraphy was performed in all the patients. Obtained data show that gestagen desogestrel doesn’t influence the size and function of thyroid gland in healthy women and in patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter. In women with autoimmune thyroiditis implication of desogestrel significantly decreases blood levels of thyroperoxidase autoantibodies.

scholarly journals Goiter relapses

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Ye. M. Goch ◽  
V. K. Kudryashov ◽  
P. A. Belyayev
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Recurrent Goiter ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
Complications And Mortality

The problem of relapse of goiter is still considered insoluble. Postoperative relapses of goiter are observed quite often - from 1.8 to 39%. The severity of the problem of recurrent goiter is that at present, patients suffering from this disease can be attributed to the group of "increased oncological risk" in relation to thyroid cancer. Malignancy of recurrent goiter, according to various authors, is observed with a frequency of 8.1 to 20%. Malignancy occurs hidden without clear clinical symptoms of thyroid cancer, and therefore surgical intervention is often performed at a stage that does not give optimal treatment results. The second side of the problem is the technical features of the surgical treatment of recurrent goiter. The latter are caused by violations of the anatomical and topographic relationships of tissues, extensive scars and atypical location of the node. As a result, complications and mortality after repeated operations with goiter significantly exceed those after primary interventions. Therefore, one of the tasks of thyroid surgery is to find out the causes of relapse of goiter and reduce its frequency. For this purpose, various methods of primary surgery, the intake of thyroid hormones in the postoperative period, etc. are proposed. The reasons that lead to relapse of goiter are varied and depend primarily on the disease for which the patient was operated on primarily (diffuse toxic goiter, nodular goiter, multinodal, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, etc.). To avoid relapse of goiter, a number of surgeons offer more advanced operations even with nodular goiter. However, the expansion of the volume of operation with nodular forms of goiter often leads to the development of persistent hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Analysis of complications of surgical treatment of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
O. V. Shidlovskyi ◽  
V. O. Shidlovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Voice Tone ◽  
Complications Of Thyroidectomy ◽  
Toxic Goiter

Aim — to study the frequency and structure of specific complications in surgeries for autoimmune thyroiditis AIT associated with benign nodules in comparison with operations for multinodular non-toxic goiter. Materials and methods. The analysis of complications of thyroidectomy was performed for 237 patients operated for AIT (main group) and 261 for multinodular non-toxic goiter (control group). The evaluation was done to assess thesurgeryduration, the frequency of laryngeal paresis, postoperative hypoparathyroidism, thoracic duct damage, intense neck hematomas, dysphagia and changes in voice tone. Results. More complications were found in patients of the main group — 33 against 20 in the control group. The structure and number of individual complications from their total number in both groups was the same, and the frequency of the number of operated patients was significantly higher in the group of patients with AIT. The duration of thyroidectomy in AIT was (174.3 ± 4.2) min and depended on the severity of inflammatory changes in the gland and tissues around it, and in cases of multinodular non-toxic goiter — (127.0 ± 4.7) min (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Thyroidectomy for AIT compared to multinodular non-toxic goiter is accompanied by a greater number of complications and duration of surgery. There is an increased risk of developing hypoparathyroidism, laryngeal paresis, thoracic duct injuries, severe neck hematomas, dysphagia and changes in voice tone.

scholarly journals Circulating Visfatin in Hypothyroidism Is Associated with Free Thyroid Hormones and Antithyroperoxidase Antibodies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj ◽  
Ariadna Zybek-Kocik ◽  
Aleksandra Klimowicz ◽  
Michał Kloska ◽  
Dorota Mańkowska-Wierzbicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Visfatin Level

We hypothesized that regulation of visfatin in hypothyroidism might be altered by coexisting chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. This is a prospective case-control study of 118 subjects. The autoimmune study group (AIT) consisted of 39 patients newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism in a course of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. The nonautoimmune study group (TT) consisted of 40 patients thyroidectomized due to the differentiated thyroid cancer staged pT1. The control group comprised 39 healthy volunteers adjusted for age, sex, and BMI with normal thyroid function and negative thyroid antibodies. Exclusion criteria consisted of other autoimmune diseases, active neoplastic disease, diabetes mellitus, and infection, which were reported to alter visfatin level. Fasting blood samples were taken for visfatin, TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb), antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), glucose, and insulin levels. The highest visfatin serum concentration was in AIT group, and healthy controls had visfatin level higher than TT (p=0.0001). Simple linear regression analysis revealed that visfatin serum concentration was significantly associated with autoimmunity (β=0.1014;p=0.003), FT4 (β=0.05412;p=0.048), FT3 (β=0.05242;p=0.038), and TPOAb (β=0.0002;p=0.0025), and the relationships were further confirmed in the multivariate regression analysis.

SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND THE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND IN BORDERLINE AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordin ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
R. Pelkonen ◽  
B.-A. Lamberg
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was determined by the double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 58 patients with primary hypothyroidism and was found to be elevated in all but 2 patients, one of whom had overt and one clinically borderline hypothyroidism. Six (29%) out of 21 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) had an elevated serum TSH level. There was little correlation between the severity of the disease and the serum TSH values in individual cases. However, the mean serum TSH value in overt hypothyroidism (93.4 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean value both in clinically borderline hypothyroidism (34.4 μU/ml) and in SAT (8.8 μU/ml). The response to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in all 39 patients with overt or borderline hypothyroidism and in 9 (43 %) of the 21 subjects with SAT. The individual TRH response in these two groups showed a marked overlap, but the mean response was significantly higher in overt (149.5 μU/ml) or clinically borderline hypothyroidism (99.9 μU/ml) than in SAT (35.3 μU/ml). Thus a normal basal TSH level in connection with a normal response to TRH excludes primary hypothyroidism, but nevertheless not all patients with elevated TSH values or increased responses to TRH are clinically hypothyroid.

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