scholarly journals Potential radiological risk for the population during implementation of the Rosatom Proryv project. Part 1. ICRP recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Chekin ◽  
◽  
A.N. Menyajlo ◽  
S.S. Lovachev ◽  
N.G. Seleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Standard Population ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Age At Exposure

The concept “radiation detriment” has been debated intensively in the pages of the ICRP Publica-tion 103 (2007), new radiation epidemiological data obtained after 2007 have also been brought into discussion. For radiation detriment calculation radiation risk models based on data of the study of Japanese cohort of atomic bombings survivors were used. Models developed for esti-mating radiation risk factors take account of gender and age at exposure. Now ICRP has estimat-ed radiation detriment in specially designed standard population by averaging the estimates based on age at exposure. The concept “radiation detriment” was developed for quantification of the overall harm to health of humans and their offspring from stochastic effects of low-level radi-ation on different parts of the body, reduction in life expectancy and reduced quality of life. In ad-dition, radiation detriment is used to assess effective dose and its standardization for radiological protection. In the paper, the concept “radiation detriment” is assessed with regard to the possibility of extending the area of its application. The applicability of technique for calculation of radiation detriment is possible to be extended with account of Russian health and statistical data, lethality fraction estimates, years of life lost, gender and age. The extended “radiation detriment” will be renamed as “radiological detriment”, that will highlight the possibility of quantifying potential harm to a specific irradiated population. The magnitude of population-based radiological detri-ment may be used not only for matching sources of ionizing radiation by their impact on the standard population, but also for estimating the level of radiological protection of the specific population. The level of radiological detriment may be used for quantification of potential harm to the public health in the implementation of the Rosatom project “Proryv”.

Incidence and Outcome of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Province of Modena.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4610-4610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Bari ◽  
Raffaella Marcheselli ◽  
Ivan Rashid ◽  
Goretta Bonacorsi ◽  
Roberto Marasca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Refractory Anemia ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Standard Population

Abstract Background As in the past Myelodisplastic Syndromes (MDS) were considered preneoplastic conditions, rarely data on these diseases were collected by cancer registries. Thus, there are few well documented population-based studies on the incidence and outcome of MDS. The aim of this study was to collect epidemiological data and clinical characteristics of MDS by studying all cases identified by the Modena Cancer Registry (MCR). Materials and methods We examined all cases of MDS diagnosed in the Province of Modena (population 633.993 at 2001 Census). MDS from 1997 to 2005 were identified using the MCR database and the archival files of the centralized hemolymphopathological laboratory at Modena Cancer Centre according to ICD-O-3 codes 9980,9982–87,9989. Death certificate, cytology and histology report, both local and national reports of Hospital admission, ICD-9 code reported in medical records were used as sources for identifying new MDS cases and their outcome. After collection, all cases were checked and validated by a hematologist (A.B.) and a pathologist (G.B.) by a review of the original pathology report. The large majority of bone marrow aspirate and biopsy were examined by the same pathologist (G.B.) making diagnostic criteria uniform. Clinical and follow-up data were retrieved by active search of discharge letters, review of hospital records, and interview of general practitioners. Information on vital status was achieved from official population registries. Age standardized rates (ASR) were calculated according to the World Standard population (Doll et al, 1966). The dates of diagnosis and death or the closing date of study (December 2006) were used to estimate survival. Observed survival and relative survival were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier method and the Hakulinen approach, respectively. Results A total of 205 cases of MDS were identified. The ASR of MDS was 1.2/100,000 varying slightly (from 0.9 to 1.5/100,000; p > 0.05) during the study period, and the crude incidence rate was 3.6/100,000. Median age at diagnosis was 75 years for men and 78 for women. Overall, 58% of patients aged more than 75 years, while only 1% were less than 45 years old. According to French, American and British (FAB) classification there were 35 cases (17% of all MDS) of Refractory Anemia (RA), 51 (25%) of RA with ringed sideroblasts, 73 cases (36%) of RA with excess of blasts (RAEB), 11 (5%) of RAEB in transformation, 31 (15%) of MDS not otherwise specified and 4 (2%) of other MDS. Overall the prognosis of MDS was poor, although we found statistically significant differences by clinical subtypes. In our MDS population the relative survival was 68%, 36% and 26% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study is the first in Italy providing information on the incidence and outcome of MDS using population-based data. Our results confirm that the risk of developing MDS increases with age for both men and women. The incidence of MDS was substantially stable during the study period. Overall survival was poor reflecting the aggressiveness of these diseases and the advanced age of patients at time of diagnosis. As expected, we observed important differences in overall survival by FAB subtypes. In the last few years, innovative treatments for MDS are emerging and we believe that the availability of precise epidemiological data could help clinicians in choosing the most appropriate treatment.

Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Samson O. Paulinus ◽  
Benjamin E. Udoh ◽  
Bassey E. Archibong ◽  
Akpama E. Egong ◽  
Akwa E. Erim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

scholarly journals Are there mortality differences between men and women in all types of intracranial hemorrhages: subarachnoid, intraparenchymal and subdural? An analysis of the Spanish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fernandez De Bobadilla Osorio ◽  
J.R Rey-Blas ◽  
N Gonzalez-Aguado ◽  
B Fuentes ◽  
P Masedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objectives There are 3 types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): 1) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), CIE10:I60; 2) intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), I61 and 3) subdural hemorrhage (SDH) I62. Epidemiological data on this field are scarce in Mediterranean countries. Our goal was to determine whether the relationship of ICH mortality with gender and age was different for the 3 types of HIC. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Deaths/100.000 population of SAH, IPH and SDH were assessed for the entire Spanish population since 2008 to 2017 (n=46,527,039). Year 2017 was the last available for analysis. Incidence was analyzed for men and women and for age strata (&lt;1 years of age, 2–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80; &gt;80). Results In order to fit in the abstract space, only data of 2017 are presented, although years 2008 to 2017 were also analyzed and results were similar. Mortality/100,000 of IPH stayed very low under 40 years of age and then grew exponentially in both, men and women, and was significantly higher for men for all age strata. Mortality of SDH was much lower but behaved in a similar way: exponential growth since 40s and lower incidence in women. SAH behaved differently: it started to be significant since 20 years of age and there were no gender differences. Conclusion Mortality of intraparenchymal and subdural hemorrhage increases exponentially since 40 years of age and is lower in women. On the contrary, mortality of subarachnoid hemorrhage increases earlier and there are no gender differences. Death/100.000 intracranial hemorrhage Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Total Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Score and Anthropometric Indices: A Population-Based Study in Older Adults of Amerindian Ancestry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M. Mera
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

A total of 590 older adults of Amerindian ancestry living in rural Ecuador received anthropometric measurements and a brain magnetic resonance imaging to estimate the total cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) score. A fully adjusted ordinal logistic regression model, with categories of the total cSVD score as the dependent variable, disclosed significant associations between the waist circumference, the waist-to-hip, and the waist-to-height ratios – but not the body mass index (BMI) – and the cSVD burden. Indices of abdominal obesity may better correlate with severity of cSVD than the BMI in Amerindians. Phenotypic characteristics of this population may account for these results.

scholarly journals Gender- and age-related differences of statin use on incident dementia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Nationwide population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Kun Lin ◽  
Jing-Yang Huang ◽  
Lung-Fa Pan ◽  
Gwo-Ping Jong
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Some observational studies have found a significant association between the use of statin and a reduced risk of dementia. However, the results of these studies are unclear in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study is to determine the association between the use of statins and the incidence of dementia according to sex and age-related differences in patients with RA. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database (2003–2016). The primary outcome assessed was the risk of dementia by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple Cox regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of new-onset dementia. Subgroup analysis was also conducted. Results Among the 264,036 eligible patients with RA aged > 40 years, statin users were compared with non-statin users by propensity score matching at a ratio of 1:1 (25,764 in each group). However, no association was found between the use of statins and the risk of new-onset dementia (NOD) in patients with RA (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97–1.06). The subgroup analysis identified the use of statin as having a protective effect against developing NOD in male and older patients. Conclusion No association was observed between the use of a statin and the risk of NOD in patients with RA, including patients of both genders and aged 40–60 years, but these parameters were affected by gender and age. The decreased risk of NOD in patients with RA was greater among older male patients. Use of a statin in older male (> 60 years) patients with RA may be needed in clinical practice to prevent dementia.

Triage Management, Survival, and the Law in the Age of Ebola

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M Burkle ◽  
Christopher M Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractLiberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea lack the public health infrastructure, economic stability, and overall governance to stem the spread of Ebola. Even with robust outside assistance, the epidemiological data have not improved. Vital resource management is haphazard and left to the discretion of individual Ebola treatment units. Only recently has the International Health Regulations (IHR) and World Health Organization (WHO) declared Ebola a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, making this crisis their fifth ongoing level 3 emergency. In particular, the WHO has been severely compromised by post-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) staffing, budget cuts, a weakened IHR treaty, and no unambiguous legal mandate. Population-based triage management under a central authority is indicated to control the transmission and ensure fair and decisive resource allocation across all triage categories. The shared responsibilities critical to global health solutions must be realized and the rightful attention, sustained resources, and properly placed legal authority be assured within the WHO, the IHR, and the vulnerable nations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)

A Population-Based Survey to Determine Association of Perceived Social Support and Self-Efficacy With Self-Care Among Elderly With Diabetes Mellitus (Kerman City, Iran)

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahidreza Borhaninejad ◽  
Mohsen Shati ◽  
Devender Bhalla ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Reza Fadayevatan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Kerman City ◽  
Population Based Survey

This survey examined association between social support and self-efficacy with self-care in elderly with diabetes. A total of 374 subjects were identified in Kerman city, Iran who responded to questionnaires on self-care, social support, and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Along with customary descriptive statistics, we also determined group difference for self-care, and Pearson correlation, and prediction value of various variables by using hierarchical multiple regression. And 67.37% of subjects were classified as poor adherence to self-care; 55.9% patients reportedly had good foot care habits, while 68.4% patients were not taking adequate physical activity. There was a significant correlation between self-care with social support and self-efficacy. Independent variables accounted for 44.3% of the variance in self-care. Diabetes care programs should aim to implement (a) weekly free-of-cost mass physical activity programs, (b) mass education adapted for gender- and age-based needs, and (c) informal social cohesion and companionship among general public.

scholarly journals Falls among the elderly: risk factors in a population-based study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Guimarães Rodrigues ◽  
Gustavo Pereira Fraga ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Policies And Programs

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of falls among elderly adults in a population-based study (ISACamp 2008). Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with two-stage cluster sampling. The sample was composed of 1,520 elderly adults living in the urban area of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The occurrence of falls was analyzed based on reports of the main accident occurred in the previous 12 months. Data on socioeconomic/demographic factors and adverse health conditions were tested for possible associations with the outcome. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated and adjusted for gender and age using the Poisson multiple regression analysis. Results: Falls were more frequent, after adjustment for gender and age, among female elderly participants (PR = 2.39; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.47 - 3.87), elderly adults (80 years old and older) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.61 - 3.88), widowed (PR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.04 - 2.89) and among elderly adults who had rheumatism/arthritis/arthrosis (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.00 - 2.48), osteoporosis (PR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.18 - 2.49), asthma/bronchitis/emphysema (PR = 1,73; 95%CI 1.09 - 2.74), headache (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.07 - 2.38), mental common disorder (PR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.12 - 2.64), dizziness (PR = 2.82; 95%CI 1.98 - 4.02), insomnia (PR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.16 - 2.65), use of multiple medications (five or more) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.12 - 5.56) and use of cane/walker (PR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.19 - 3,93). Conclusion: The present study shows segments of the elderly population who are more prone to falls through the identification of factors associated with this outcome. The findings can contribute to the planning of public health policies and programs addressed to the prevention of falls.

scholarly journals Concerns in the Norwegian Population during the Initial Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6119
Author(s):  
Inger Schou-Bredal ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
Tine K. Grimholt ◽  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Response Alternatives

Although concern affects one’s welfare or happiness, few studies to date have focused on peoples’ concerns during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. The aim of the study was to explore concerns in the Norwegian populations according to gender and age, and identify which concerns were most prominent during the lockdown. A population-based cross-sectional online survey using snowball-sampling strategies was conducted, to which 4527 adults (≥18 years) responded. Questions related to concerns had response alternatives yes or no. In addition, they were asked which concern was most prominent. Nearly all the 4527 respondents (92%) reported that they were concerned: 60.9% were generally concerned about the pandemic, 83.9% were concerned about family and friends, 21.8% had financial concerns, and 25.3% expected financial loss. More women were concerned about family and friends than males, (85.2% vs. 76.2%, p < 0.001), whereas more men expected financial loss (30.4% vs. 24.4%y, p = 0.001). Younger adults (<50 years) had more financial concerns than older adults (25.9% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001). Being concerned about family and friends was the most prominent concern and was associated with; lower age (OR 0.79), female gender (OR 1.59), and being next of kin (2.42). The most prominent concern for adults 70 years or older was being infected by COVID-19. In conclusion, women and younger individuals were most concerned. While adults under 70 years of age were most concerned about family and friends and adults 70 years or older were most concerned about being infected by COVID-19.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS INFECTION BY INTRADERMAL REACTION IN RURAL AREAS IN ALFENAS, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Monteiro de Sá Magalhães ◽  
Carla de Fátima Ribeiro ◽  
Carla Silva Dâmaso ◽  
Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho ◽  
Roberta Ribeiro Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paracoccidioidal infection by intradermal reaction (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, DTH) to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in rural areas in Alfenas, Southern Minas Gerais (MG) State, Brazil, and to assess risk factors (gender, occupation, age, alcohol intake and smoking) associated with infection. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using intradermal tests with gp 43 paracoccidioidin in 542 participants, who were previously contacted by local health agents and so spontaneously attended the test. Participants underwent an interview by filling out a registration form with epidemiological data and were tested with an intradermal administration of 0.1 mL of paracoccidioidin in the left forearm. The test was read 48 hours after injection and was considered positive if induration was greater than or equal to 5 mm. Out of 542 participants, 46.67% were positive to the skin test. Prevalence increased in accordance with an increase of age. There was statistical significance only for males. Occupation, alcohol intake and smoking habits were not significantly associated with the risk of paracoccidioidomycosis infection. There is relevance of paracoccidioidomycosis infection in such rural areas, which suggests that further epidemiological and clinical studies on this mycosis should be done in the southern part of Minas Gerais State.

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