scholarly journals A concise review on certain important veterinary viruses in the Americas

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. e1965
Author(s):  
Sebastian Giraldo-Ramirez ◽  
Santiago Rendon-Marin ◽  
Julian Ruiz-Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Companion Animals ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Being There

Animals have become an essential member for our society, with roles related to company, human well-being and therapy for some diseases, and as a source of food in many populations around the world. Animals intended for human consumption like pigs and cattle, as well as companion animals, specifically cats and dogs, are constantly threatened by multiple viral agents. This puts at risk pet owners and threatens food security in the region. Considering that control or eradication is a complex problem that involves several aspects, there is a limited success in this regard for viral diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, rabies and classical or African swine fever, this review aims to show the most important characteristics, in the epidemiological context, from farm animals virus, re-emerging viruses affecting companion animals, and emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viruses. Since viral pathogens affect animal populations and human well-being, there is a need to increase efforts to control, monitor and eradicate them from livestock and companion animals. The following sections contribute to improve the understanding of these viral agents and orchestrate actions of control entities in the Americas.

EMERGENT INFECTIONS ON THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TERRITORY

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
V. V. Makarov ◽  
D. А. Lozovoy
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Russian Federation

Emergence as a little discussed  bioecological phenomenon in infectious pathology, the most important in the current period, its actual significance, nature, causes in general terms and in relation to the situation in the Russian Federation is considered. In this context, the main provisions, problems and non-trivial phenomena in the epizootology of emergent infections, economically and socially important for the country, are presented - African swine fever, rabies, foot and mouth disease, avian flu, nodular dermatitis and anthrax. Most emergent infections of domestic animals and humans are of zoogenic origin. These are mainly (more than 70%) diseases of the wild animals - ungulates, carnivores, primates, rodents, birds, bats, representatives of other mammals and non-mammal groups, the causative agents of which come from natural zoonotic pools. It is obvious that the achievements of human civilization over the past decades are the driving forces for the emergence and spread of emergent diseases although indirect, but decisive.  The most demonstrative evidence of this conclusion is an infection associated with bats. The movement of people, tourism and trade, hydropower, agrarian expansion, deforestation, amelioration, unrestrained humanization and urbanization of territories, with unpredictable consequences, perturb the prevailing relations between representatives of the animal world and the environment. One of the subjective elements of the phenomenon is the large-scale traffic of wild animals from biological invasions, artificial introduction into new territories and trade in living goods. At the same time, the emerging problems of protecting animals and humans from new highly dangerous, transboundary and other infections are difficult to solve from a social and mental point of view - they compromise the overall socio-economic, scientific and technological progress, focusing on its negative aspects and internal conflict with at least the well-being and consistency of the environment.

Economic efficiency of veterinary measures in the conditions of all-russian reforms in 2010-2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Lilia Yakovlevna Yushkova ◽  
Yuri Ivanovich Smolyaninov ◽  
Nikolai Alexandrovich Donchenko ◽  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Ionina ◽  
Boris Nikolaevich Balyberdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
The Eu

The list of OIE identifies especially dangerous and other contagious diseases (83 — diseases of terrestrial animals, 48 — diseases of aquatic animals), including those common to humans and animals (zoonoses), including food more than 200. Veterinary science is tasked with ensuring the well-being of individual animal diseases: socially significant (brucellosis, tuberculosis, leptospirosis, etc.), as well as economically significant (African swine fever, bird flu, foot-and-mouth disease, etc.). It should be borne in mind that 80 % of pathogens that can be used for biological terrorism are also pathogens of zoonotic infections. In addition, the sources of causative agents of basic human food toxico-infections (salmonella, escherichia, yersenia, listeria, campylobacteria) are [4]. Foodstuffs occupy a special place among material goods, because they meet the vital need of people [6]. In the EU countries, zoonosis and food toxico infections are monitored. Monitoring results showed that the first and second most commonly reported zoonoses in humans were campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. The EU trend for confirmed cases of people with these two diseases was stable (unchanged) during 2015–2019 years. The prevalence in the EU of salmonellous herd serovarpolozhitelnykh targeting salmonella has been stable since 2015 for breeding chickens, laying chickens, broilers and fattening turkeys, with fluctuations for breeding herds of turkeys. The results for salmonella obtained by the competent authorities for pig carcasses and poultry tested under national control programmes were more likely to be positive than those obtained from food industry operators. Escherichia coli infection (STEC), Siga toxin-producing, was the third most reported zoonosis in humans and increased from 2015 to 2019. Yersiniosis was the fourth most reported zoonosis in humans in 2019 with a stable trend in 2015–2019. Listeria rarely exceeded the EU food safety limit tested in ready-to-eat foods. A total of 5,175 food-borne outbreaks were reported. Salmonella remained the most identified causative agent, but the number of outbreaks caused by S. Enteritidis decreased. Norovirus contained in fish and fish products was a pair of agent/food that caused the largest number of outbreaks with convincing evidence. The report provides further updated information on bovine tuberculosis, Brucella, trichinella, echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, West Nile virus, coccyella burnetia (Q-fever) and tularemia [3, 5, 7]. During diagnostic studies of imported cattle imported from Golandia, Germany, Switzerland, 7 subjects revealed positively responding animals to bluetang. The most serious situation regarding epizootic well-being, biological and economic security has developed in the African swine fever [4].

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Authentic leadership and employee psychological well-being: An integrated review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Hellya Agustina ◽  
Nur Atiqah Abdullah ◽  
Ihil S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Work Climate ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Employee Silence ◽  
Being There

As we known that one resource that supports work of employee is a good relationship among the leader and co-workers. Leaders who have styles that are able to improve employees' psychological well-being by making workplaces healthy, do not neglect supervision, are able to motivate employees, and reflect values that are important to employees (see, Hsiung 2012; Winkler et al. 2015; Huang et al. 2016; Joo, Park, & Lim 2016). There seems to be general agreement that effective leadership will encourage positive employee attitudes and behaviour (e.g., Fong & Snape 2015; Afsar, Badir & Kiani 2016; Semedo, Coelho, & Ribeiro 2016; Wu & Lee 2017; Kim & Beehr 2018; Buil , Martinez, & Matute 2019; Mostafa & Bottomley 2020). Meanwhile, most of the previous studies link that authentic leadership also has a negative influence on employees, such as: employee silence (Guenter et al. 2016); job stress (Weiss, et al. 2017); cynicism and immodesty (A Megeirhi, et al. 2018); burnout (Fair & Kamal 2019); management culture errors (Farnese et al. 2018); and turnover intentions (Gordon et al. 2019). Researchers found that only a few studied the relationship between authentic leadership and employee psychological well-being. There is only one study that examines this by using work climate as mediator variable in the type of nurse's work. Research conducted by Nelson et al. (2014) which states that authentic leadership has been recognized to influence psychological well-being through its impact on the work climate. Moving on from these issues, the interests of employees in Indonesia should be considered because the employee is required to work for eight hours a day and employees are working to make ends meet. Keywords: authentic leadership, psychological well-being, mediators, moderators, integrated review.

scholarly journals Monitoring the patterns of submission and presence of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes scapularis collected from humans and companion animals in Ontario, Canada (2011–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Nelder ◽  
Curtis B. Russell ◽  
Antonia Dibernardo ◽  
Katie M. Clow ◽  
Steven Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Blacklegged Tick ◽  
Host Type ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence

Abstract Background The universal nature of the human–companion animal relationship and their shared ticks and tick-borne pathogens offers an opportunity for improving public and veterinary health surveillance. With this in mind, we describe the spatiotemporal trends for blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) submissions from humans and companion animals in Ontario, along with pathogen prevalence. Methods We tested tick samples submitted through passive surveillance (2011–2017) from humans and companion animals for Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti. We describe pathogen prevalence in ticks from humans and from companion animals and constructed univariable Poisson and negative binomial regression models to explore the spatiotemporal relationship between the rates of tick submissions by host type. Results During the study, there were 17,230 blacklegged tick samples submitted from humans and 4375 from companion animals. Tick submission rates from companion animals were higher than expected in several public health units (PHUs) lacking established tick populations, potentially indicating newly emerging populations. Pathogen prevalence in ticks was higher in PHUs where established blacklegged tick populations exist. Borrelia burgdorferi prevalence was higher in ticks collected from humans (maximum likelihood estimate, MLE = 17.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI 16.97–18.09%) than from companion animals (9.9%, 95% CI 9.15–10.78%). There was no difference in pathogen prevalence in ticks by host type for the remaining pathogens, which were found in less than 1% of tested ticks. The most common co-infection B. burgdorferi + B. miyamotoi occurred in 0.11% of blacklegged ticks from humans and animals combined. Borrelia burgdorferi prevalence was higher in unengorged (21.9%, 95% CI 21.12–22.65%) than engorged ticks (10.0%, 95% CI 9.45–10.56%). There were no consistent and significant spatiotemporal relationships detected via regression models between the annual rates of submission of each host type. Conclusions While B. burgdorferi has been present in blacklegged ticks in Ontario for several decades, other tick-borne pathogens are also present at low prevalence. Blacklegged tick and pathogen surveillance data can be used to monitor risk in human and companion animal populations, and efforts are under consideration to unite surveillance efforts for the different target populations. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Subjective Well-Being and Parenthood in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7408
Author(s):  
Consuelo Novoa ◽  
Claudio Bustos ◽  
Vasily Bühring ◽  
Karen Oliva ◽  
Darío Páez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cultural Perception ◽  
Probabilistic Database ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Being There ◽  
And Gender

Being a parent plays an important role in people’s life trajectory and identity. Though the general cultural perception is that having children is a source of subjective well-being, there is evidence that, at least in some societies, the subjective well-being of those who are parents is worse, in some aspects, than that of those who are not. This gap has been the object of interest and controversy. The aim of this study was to compare Chilean adults with and without children in a broad set of well-being indicators, controlling for other sociodemographic variables. A public national probabilistic database was used. The results show that, in terms of positive and negative affect, those who are not parents achieve greater well-being than those who have children. Other results also pointed in that direction. The implications of the social context and gender, which are aspects that pose a burden for the exercise of parenthood in Chile, are discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Masculinity and the Moderating Role of Religion on the Workplace Well-Being of Factory Workers in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6250
Author(s):  
Quan Gao ◽  
Orlando Woods ◽  
Xiaomei Cai
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Being There ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Moderating Role

This paper explores how the intersection of masculinity and religion shapes workplace well-being by focusing on Christianity and the social construction of masculinity among factory workers in a city in China. While existing work on public and occupational health has respectively acknowledged masculinity’s influences on health and the religious and spiritual dimensions of well-being, there have been limited efforts to examine how variegated, and especially religious, masculinities influence people’s well-being in the workplace. Drawing on ethnography and in-depth interviews with 52 factory workers and 8 church leaders and factory managers, we found that: (1) Variegated masculinities were integrated into the factory labor regime to produce docile and productive bodies of workers. In particular, the militarized and masculine cultures in China’s factories largely deprived workers of their dignity and undermined their well-being. These toxic masculinities were associated with workers’ depression and suicidal behavior. (2) Christianity not only provided social and spiritual support for vulnerable factory workers, but also enabled them to construct a morally superior Christian manhood that phytologically empowered them and enhanced their resilience to exploitation. This paper highlights not only the gender mechanism of well-being, but also the ways religion mediates the social-psychological construction of masculinity.

scholarly journals Understanding procrastination: A case of a study skills course

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hailikari ◽  
N. Katajavuori ◽  
H. Asikainen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Study Skills Course ◽  
Being There ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

AbstractProcrastination is consistently viewed as problematic to academic success and students’ general well-being. There are prevailing questions regarding the underlying and maintaining mechanisms of procrastination which are yet to be learnt. The aim of the present study was to combine different ways to explain procrastination and explore how students’ time and effort management skills, psychological flexibility and academic self-efficacy are connected to procrastination as they have been commonly addressed separately in previous studies. The data were collected from 135 students who participated in a voluntary time management and well-being course in autumn 2019. The results showed that students’ ability to organize their time and effort has the strongest association with procrastination out of the variables included in the study. Psychological flexibility also has a strong individual role in explaining procrastination along with time and effort management skills. Surprisingly, academic self-efficacy did not have a direct association with procrastination. Interestingly, our findings further suggest that time and effort management and psychological flexibility are closely related and appear to go hand in hand and, thus, both need to be considered when the aim is to reduce procrastination. The implications of the findings are further discussed.

scholarly journals One Health, Fermented Foods, and Gut Microbiota

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Jorge Ferrão ◽  
Lígia Pimentel ◽  
Manuela Pintado ◽  
Tito Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
One Health ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Changes in present-day society such as diets with more sugar, salt, and saturated fat, bad habits and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the likelihood of the involvement of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases, which contribute to global epidemics of obesity, depression, and mental health concerns. The microbiota is presently one of the hottest areas of scientific and medical research, and exerts a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Fermented foods and beverages are generally defined as products made by microbial organisms and enzymatic conversions of major and minor food components. Further to the commonly-recognized effects of nutrition on the digestive health (e.g., dysbiosis) and well-being, there is now strong evidence for the impact of fermented foods and beverages (e.g., yoghurt, pickles, bread, kefir, beers, wines, mead), produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms, on general health, namely their significance on the gut microbiota balance and brain functionality. Fermented products require microorganisms, i.e., Saccharomyces yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, yielding alcohol and lactic acid. Ingestion of vibrant probiotics, especially those contained in fermented foods, is found to cause significant positive improvements in balancing intestinal permeability and barrier function. Our guts control and deal with every aspect of our health. How we digest our food and even the food sensitivities we have is linked with our mood, behavior, energy, weight, food cravings, hormone balance, immunity, and overall wellness. We highlight some impacts in this domain and debate calls for the convergence of interdisciplinary research fields from the United Nations’ initiative. Worldwide human and animal medicine are practiced separately; veterinary science and animal health are generally neither considered nor inserted within national or international Health discussions. The absence of a clear definition and subsequent vision for the future of One Health may act as a barrier to transdisciplinary collaboration. The point of this mini review is to highlight the role of fermented foods and beverages on gut microbiota and debate if the need for confluence of transdisciplinary fields of One Health is feasible and achievable, since they are managed by separate sectors with limited communication.

scholarly journals Suitability of Data for the Surveillance of Toxicological Events in Companion Animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Swirski ◽  
Dr. David Pearl ◽  
Dr. Olaf Berke ◽  
Terri O'Sullivan ◽  
Deborah Stacey
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Poison Control Center ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
American Society ◽  
Cruelty To Animals

Objective: Our objective was to assess the suitability of the data collected by the Animal Poison Control Center, run by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, for the surveillance of toxicological exposures in companion animals in the United States.Introduction: There have been a number of non-infectious intoxication outbreaks reported in North American companion animal populations over the last decade1. The most devastating outbreak to date was the 2007 melamine pet food contamination incident which affected thousands of pet dogs and cats across North America1. Despite these events, there have been limited efforts to conduct real-time surveillance of toxicological exposures in companion animals nationally, and there is no central registry for the reporting of toxicological events in companion animals in the United States. However, there are a number of poison control centers in the US that collect extensive data on toxicological exposures in companion animals, one of which is the Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) operated by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). Each year the APCC receives thousands of reports of suspected animal poisonings and collects extensive information from each case, including location of caller, exposure history, diagnostic findings, and outcome. The records from each case are subsequently entered and stored in the AnTox database, an electronic medical record database maintained by the APCC. Therefore, the AnTox database represents a novel source of data for real-time surveillance of toxicological events in companion animals, and may be used for surveillance of pet food and environmental contamination events that may negatively impact both veterinary and human health.Methods: Recorded data from calls to the APPC were collected from the AnTox database from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2014, inclusive. Sociodemographic data were extracted from the American 2010 decennial census and the American Community Surveys. Choropleth maps were used for preliminary analyses to examine the distribution of reporting to the hotline at the county-level and identify any “holes” in surveillance. To further identify if gaps in reporting were randomly distributed or tended to occur in clusters, as well as to look for any predictable spatial clusters of high rates of reporting, spatial scan statistics, based on a Poisson model, were employed. We fitted multilevel logistic regression models, to account for clustering within county and state, to identify factors (e.g., season, human demographic factors) that are related to predictable changes in call volume or reporting, which may bias the results of quantitative methods for aberration/outbreak detection.Results: Throughout the study period, over 40% of counties reported at least one call to the hotline each year, with the majority of calls coming from the Northeast. Conversely, there was a large “hole” in coverage in Midwestern and southeastern states. The location of the most likely high and low call rate clusters were relatively stable throughout the study period and were associated with socioeconomic status (SES), as the most likely high risk clusters were identified in areas of high SES. Similar results were identified using multivariable analysis as indicators of high SES were found to be positively associated with rates of calls to the hotline at the county-level.Conclusions: Socioeconomic status is a major factor impacting the reporting of toxicological events to the APCC, and needs to be accounted for when applying cluster detection methods to identify outbreaks of mass poisoning events. Large spatial gaps in the network of potential callers to the center also need to be recognized when interpreting the spatiotemporal results of analyses involving these data, particularly when statistical methods that are highly influenced by edge effects are used.

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