scholarly journals Use of secnidazole and homeopathy for giardiasis control in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. e2004
Author(s):  
Patrícia Glombowsky ◽  
Gabriela Campigotto ◽  
Maiara Sulzbach-Marchiori ◽  
Jorge A. Favaretto ◽  
Gabriela Miotto-Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
First Record ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Homeopathic Drug ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Homeopathic Drugs

Dogs with Giardia infections have diarrhea that persists for days, even after treatment. We managed canine giardiasis using two distinct approaches: treatment with the antiprotozoan secnidazole alone; and secnidazole plus a homeopathic product that is indicated for control of diarrhea in dogs. Treatment I: Ten beagle dogs showed clinical signs of severe diarrhea. Their feces revealed large numbers of cysts consistent with Giardia sp. Therefore, we treated the dogs with secnidazole (10 mg/kg, single dose) given orally. Five days after treatment, all dogs were negative for Giardia spp. Treatment II: Three months later, the same ten Beagles again presented with diarrhea. Feces were collected, revealing Giardia sp. in all dogs. This time, we treated them with an antiprotozoan (secnidazole, 10 mg/kg dose) combined with a commercial homeopathic drug for diarrhea control (3 g dose/animal at 12 h interval). We found that three to five homeopathic doses were needed to achieve normal fecal scores in all dogs. After 5 days of treatment, stool samples had normal consistency and were negative for Giardia. This is the first record of using secnidazole to control canine giardiasis associated with homeopathic drugs to prevent diarrhea.

scholarly journals Coinfection with Entamoeba polecki and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in a pig with severe diarrhea

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cuvertoret-Sanz ◽  
Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang ◽  
Madeleine Lunardi ◽  
René Brunthaler ◽  
Mònica Coma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Entamoeba Polecki

Enteric disease in pigs is usually of multifactorial etiology, including infectious and non-infectious factors. In many cases of endemic diarrhea in weaner-to-finisher pigs, the combination of 2 or more microorganisms leads to aggravation of intestinal lesions and, consequently, clinical signs. We autopsied a 4-mo-old fattening pig with diarrhea and diagnosed severe fibrinonecrotizing typhlocolitis. Numerous spiral-shaped bacteria and amoeba-like PAS-positive protozoa were observed in the cecal and colonic mucosa and submucosa. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was detected by PCR from colonic content. By in situ hybridization, large numbers of Entamoeba polecki were found within the lamina propria and submucosa; moderate numbers of Blastocystis sp. and scattered trichomonads were present in intestinal content. In addition, Entamoeba polecki, Balantidium spp., Blastocystis sp., and Trichomonas sp. were also detected by PCR.

Heritability of the Effect of Corticosteroids on Intraocular Pressure

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H. Reuling ◽  
J.T. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Steroid Response ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Allele Pair ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetically Determined

In the late 1950's and early 1960's, it became evident that some glaucoma patients developed elevations of intraocular pressure, which were difficult to control, following prolonged use of systemic or ocular medications containing corticosteroids (Chandler, 1955, Alfano, 1963; Armaly, 1963). In addition, some patients without glaucoma, when treated with steroids for long periods of time, developed clinical signs of chronic simple glaucoma (McLean, 1950; François, 1954; Covell, 1958; Linner, 1959; Goldman, 1962). Fortunately, the elevation of intraocular pressure was reversible if the drug was discontinued.Over the past decade, extensive investigation of the “steroid response” has been undertaken. For this presentation, the steroid response may be considered as a gradual elevation of intraocular pressure, occurring over several weeks, in an eye being medicated with corticosteroid drops several times a day. The elevation in pressure is usually accompanied by a reduction in the facility of aqueous outflow. When relatively large numbers of subjects were tested with topical steroids, so that a wide range of responsiveness could be observed, a variation in individual sensitivity was demonstrated. Frequency distributions of intraocular pressure or change in pressure following steroids showed a skew toward the high side. On the basis of trimodal characteristics which they observed in such frequency distributions, Becker and Hahn (1964), Becker (1965) and Armaly (1965, 1966) considered the possible existence of several genetically determined subpopulations. These investigators distinguished three subpopulations on the basis of low, intermediate, and high levels of pressure response. It was hypothesized that these levels of response characterized three phenotypes, corresponding to the three possible genotypes of an allele pair, wherein one member of the pair determined a low level of response, and the other member determined a high level of response (Armaly, 1967).

scholarly journals Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract in a Colony of Beagle Dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nikula ◽  
S. A. Benjamin ◽  
G. M. Angleton ◽  
A. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microscopic Features

Gross and light microscopic features of transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the urinary tract were examined in Beagle dogs used for the study of the long-term effects of low-dose, whole-body, 60Co gamma radiation. Thirty-eight cases of TCC occurred among 990 dogs that were from 0 to 14 years of age. There was no conclusive evidence of a radiation effect. The 38 TCC were equally divided between male and female dogs, but there was a significant difference in the sex distribution of urethra-origin TCC. Eleven males had a primary urethral TCC compared to only two females. There was no significant difference between the urethra-origin and bladder-origin TCCs in the number of tumors that caused clinical signs, metastasized, or that contributed to the death of the dog. All cases of urethral TCC in male dogs occurred in the prostatic urethra. The majority of these cases were not recognized to be neoplasms at gross necropsy, but microscopic examination revealed the TCC. Our findings differ from previous reports stating that TCC occurs more frequently in female than male dogs, and they especially differ from reports claiming that urethra-origin TCC is predominately a disease of female dogs.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Salmonellosis in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Legesse Garedew ◽  
Semaria Solomon ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Hilina Worku ◽  
Debela Gemeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Background. Diagnosis using reliable tools and treatment followingin vitroantimicrobial susceptibility tests are critical to proper addressing of antibiotic-resistantSalmonellainfection.Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the practice of diagnosis and treatment of salmonellosis in Addis Ababa. Tube Widal test (for blood samples only), culture, biochemical and carbohydrate fermentation, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were employed for both blood and stool samples.Results. Of all the diseases listed in the diagnosis, nontyphoidal (n=72, 13.71%) and typhoidal (n=47, 8.95%) salmonellosis were the second and third common diseases. Among the 288 blood samples, almost half were positive for O, H, or both antigens. However, only 1 (0.68%) of the positive blood samples yieldedSalmonellaisolate during culture. The study demonstrated low specificity (0.68%) and positive predictive value (48.78%) of Widal test. Conversely, the test showed 100% sensitivity and negative predictive values.Salmonellaisolates were identified from 7 (7.07%) of 99 stool samples. Two-thirds of salmonellosis suspected patients received antibiotic treatment. However, only half of the confirmed salmonellosis patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics. All of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone but resistant to ampicillin.Conclusions. Majority of the patients who participated in this study were wrongly diagnosed using symptoms, clinical signs, and tube Widal test. Consequently, most of the patients received inappropriate treatment.

scholarly journals CT Findings and Histological Evaluation of Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Chronic Head Trauma Injury: A Retrospective Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Luca Lacitignola ◽  
Rossella Samarelli ◽  
Nicola Zizzo ◽  
Elena Circella ◽  
Claudia Acquafredda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Post Mortem Findings ◽  
Trauma Injury

Large numbers of wild animals are injured every year in road traffic accidents. Scant data are available for rescued wild carnivores, in particular for red foxes. Cases of foxes with head trauma were retrospectively considered for inclusion in this study. Clinical examination, modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS), computed tomography (CT) examination, therapy, outcome, and post mortem findings of the brain were investigated. In all foxes, cranial vaults lesion occurred in single (67%) or multiple sites (33%). Midline shift and hydrocephalus were observed in this population. The mean survival was 290 (±176) days. In our study, we performed CT scans on average 260 days after fox rescue, and we speculate that persisting clinical signs could be attributed to TBI. In our study, only two foxes were alive at the time of writing. Other foxes were euthanized due to the severity of the clinical signs. CT scans help diagnose chronic lesions and their effect on prognostic judgment for animals released to wildlife environments.

scholarly journals Enteroparasitic occurrence in fecal samples analyzed at the University of Western São Paulo-UNOESTE clinical laboratory, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nair Toshiko Tashima ◽  
Maria Jacira Silva Simões
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Bank Structure ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Medical Attendance ◽  
The University

This study aims to analyze the enteroparasitic occurrence in children from 0 to 12 years old consulted at the University of western São Paulo Clinical Laboratory, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil, in relation to the socioeconomic profile of the attended children. Stool samples were examined and a questionnaire was applied with the objective of knowing the patient's age, sex, medical attendance, characteristic of the habitation, provisioning of water, dejection and domestic waste fates, use of footwear and clinical signs. The software EPI INFO 6 (Version 6.04b) was used for the elaboration of the data bank structure and analysis after previous data codification. Among 1,000 children analyzed, as many as 21.3% presented some kind of parasite. The most frequent protozoan was Giardia lamblia (7.3%) followed by Entamoeba coli (3.9%). The most frequent helminth was Enterobius vermicularis (1.9%) followed by Hymenolepis nana (0.5%). The most frequent protozoan association was Giardia lamblia / Entamoeba coli (0.9%).

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and non-opportunistic character of Blastocystis spp.: a hospital-based survey in Central Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Jupsa-Mbiandou ◽  
Samuel Fosso ◽  
Edimo Billé ◽  
Tito T Mélachio-Tanekou ◽  
Gideon Ajeagah-Aghaindum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Blastocystis spp. is a protist found in humans. Although usually the most frequent protozoa found in stool samples of both symptomatic and healthy subjects, its pathogenic or rather opportunistic role is yet to be clearly elucidated. To attempt to fill this gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the frequency of Blastocystis spp. in HIV positive (HIV+) versus HIV negative (HIV-) individuals in four health facilities of the Center Region of Cameroon. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from 283 HIV positive and 245 HIV negative subjects and analyzed using direct diagnostic tests. Results: A total of 46 (8.7%) individuals were found infected with Blastocystis spp., including 6.7% HIV positive and 11.0% HIV negative. This species was more frequent in urban and semi-urban areas than in rural areas, but evenly distributed among genders and age groups as well as among all sectors of activity. The prevalence of Blastocystis spp. (11.3%) was higher in HIV+ patients with a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells / mm3, but no significant difference was found among HIV clinical stages. Likewise prevalence, the mean number of cysts per gram of stool was similar between HIV positive and HIV negative individuals. People infected with Blastocystis spp. showed diverse clinical signs, but only flatulence was significantly more prevalent. The frequencies of these clinical signs were not related to HIV status. Conclusion: No clear relationship links the infection with Blastocystis spp. to HIV, although its presence was associated with digestive disorder, suggesting that this parasite might not be opportunist.

scholarly journals Two or Three Consecutive Days Albendazole Treatment Has Better Efficacy than Single-Dose Albendazole Treatment for Trichuriasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Dina Evalina Gultom ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stool Samples

BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is endemic in Indonesia. Singledose albendazole is routinely used to control STH infections. Some studies found that repeated-dose of albendazole showed better efficacy. There is no study in Indonesia to compare single-dose and repeated-dose albendazole for against STH infections.METHODS: A randomized, open clinical trial was conducted in July-September 2018 among primary school children. Stool samples were collected before treatment and on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 after treatment then stained using the Kato-Katz method. Group I received three consecutive days, group II received two consecutive days, and Group III received single-dose of albendazole. Cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate (ERR) were compared using Chi-square tests, and eggs per gram (EPG) was compared using the Kruskal Wallis test (p<0.05).RESULTS: One hundred ninety-five subjects enrolled and divided into 65 subjects in each group. The CR and ERR of trichuriasis after three consecutive days (79.5% and 97.4%) and two consecutive days regimen (70.3% and 91.9%) were higher than single-dose regimen (32.2% and 74.6%) with p<0.001, but not for ascariasis or hookworm infection. The highest efficacy was found in three consecutive days regimen group. Trichuris trichiura EPG was significantly different among the three groups on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 after treatment (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Three and two consecutive days albendazole have better efficacy than single-dose of albendazole for trichuriasis, but not for ascariasis or hookworm infection. Two consecutive days albendazole is better choice for treating trichuriasis with more adherence and less side effect than three consecutive days regimen.KEYWORDS: soil-transmitted helminth infection, albendazole, single-dose, repeated-dose

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