Bereavement Experience in the General Population: Incidence, Consequences, and Coping in a National Sample of Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shimai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
General Population ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Coping

The present study was conducted to investigate the actual status of bereavement experience in the general population of Japan. Data were collected via questionnaires from a nationally representative sample of Japanese aged 12 years and older from the National Survey of Trends of Health and Welfare by the Department of Health and Welfare of Japan in 2000. The number of valid questionnaires was 32,022 (15,217 male, 16,597 female, and 208 unidentified). Among them, 1082 people (410 males and 672 females) answered that they had experienced the death of a person close to them within the last month. This means that approximately 5% of the general population had experienced bereavement within the month prior to the survey. The bereavement experience caused modest but substantial elevation in depressive symptoms. The middle-aged population most commonly experienced bereavement, and women were more likely to be affected seriously by bereavement. These results suggested that appropriate mental health strategies for bereaved people are important from a public mental health point of view.

scholarly journals Three Versions of the Perceived Stress Scale: Psychometric Evaluation in a Nationally Representative Sample of Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8312
Author(s):  
Zhuang She ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ningning Zhou ◽  
Juzhe Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Nationally Representative

(1) Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has created pressure in people’s daily lives, further threatening public health. Thus, it is important to assess people’s perception of stress during COVID-19 for both research and practical purposes. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is one of the most widely used instruments to measure perceived stress; however, previous validation studies focused on specific populations, possibly limiting the generalization of results. (2) Methods: This study tested the psychometric properties of three versions of the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS-14, CPSS-10, and CPSS-4) in the Chinese general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. A commercial online survey was employed to construct a nationally representative sample of 1133 adults in Mainland China (548 males and 585 females) during a one-week period. (3) Results: The two-factor (positivity and negativity) solution for the three versions of the CPSS showed a good fit with the data. The CPSS-14 and CPSS-10 had very good reliability and the CPSS-4 showed acceptable reliability. Scores on all three versions of the CPSS were significantly correlated in the expected direction with health-related variables (e.g., depression, anxiety, and perceived COVID-19 risk), supporting the concurrent validity of the CPSS. (4) Conclusions: All three versions of the CPSS appear to be appropriate for use in research with samples of adults in the Chinese general population under the COVID-19 crisis. The CPSS-10 and CPSS-14 both have strong psychometric properties, but the CPSS-10 would have more utility because it is shorter than the CPSS-14. However, the CPSS-4 is an acceptable alternative when administration time is limited.

Mortality of Public Mental Health Patients: A Singapore Experience

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Chee-Chong Lim ◽  
Li-Ping Sim ◽  
Peak-Chiang Chiam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Standardised Mortality Ratio ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Health Patients ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Age And Sex

This study reports the Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) by age and sex among public mental health patients in Singapore. The authors also examine the differences between those who were classified as “inpatient deaths” and those who were classified as “outpatient deaths”. Mortality was 5.1 times that of the general population and the SMR was most accentuated in the younger, female patients. Of the 217 deaths documented over two years, schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis. Inpatient deaths (N = 120) occurred in older patients with prior physical illness who died of natural causes. In contrast, outpatient deaths (N = 97) involved younger patients with no previous illness and the majority jumped to their deaths. Mortality studies are necessary in monitoring the efficacy of mental health provisions.

The Problem with Square Pegs: Sexual Orientation Concordance as a Predictor of Depressive Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

The author uses a nationally representative sample of cisgender young adults to examine the relationship between sexual orientation concordance and the prevalence of depressive symptoms. In these analyses, the author differentiates between those with an exclusive identity (100 percent gay or 100 percent straight) and those with a nonexclusive identity (“mostly gay,” “mostly straight,” or bisexual). Among those with an exclusive identity, the author differentiates between those with behavior and attraction that is in line with (concordant) or goes against (discordant) a claimed gay or straight identity. Those with a concordant sexual orientation report significantly lower depressive symptoms scores than do those with either a discordant sexual orientation or a nonexclusive identity. When accounting for orientation, concordance is significantly associated with depressive symptoms for straight- but not gay-identified young adults. These findings generally hold for women, but not for men when change in identity is controlled for.

Socioeconomic disparities in psychological distress in a nationally representative sample of Japanese adolescents: A time trend study

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Kachi ◽  
Aya Abe ◽  
Emiko Ando ◽  
Tomoyuki Kawada
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Japanese Adolescents ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: Socioeconomic status as a determinant of mental health problems has received scant attention in Japan, which has long been considered an egalitarian society. This study examined the association between socioeconomic status and psychological distress and its trends over 6 years among Japanese adolescents. Methods: We used data from a nationally representative sample of 9491 adolescents aged 12–18 years who participated in three repeated cross-sectional surveys between 2007 and 2013. The K6 scale was used to assess psychological distress. Socioeconomic status indicators included household income, parental education, parental working status and household structure. Results: Psychological distress prevalence decreased significantly from 2007 (10.7%) to 2013 (7.6%). However, the socioeconomic status patterns of psychological distress were consistent through the study period. Adolescents living in both lower (odds ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval = [1.27, 2.05]) and higher income households (odds ratio = 1.30; 95% confidence interval = [1.03, 1.62]) were more likely to report psychological distress than their middle-income counterparts. Adolescents with low household income were more likely to feel stress from interpersonal relationships and less likely to have help-seeking behaviors, while those with high household income were more likely to feel stress about school achievement. Psychological distress was also associated with parental poor education and single parenthood. Conclusions: Socioeconomic status disparities in adolescent psychological distress were evident and consistent during the 6-year period. There is a unique U-shaped relationship between household income and psychological distress among adolescents in Japan, unlike those from other countries. However, the underlying mechanisms may differ by income status. Future prevention efforts should consider socioeconomic status as a determinant of adolescent mental health problems.

scholarly journals Residential transience among US adolescents: association with depression and mental health treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Glasheen ◽  
V. Forman-Hoffman ◽  
S. Hedden ◽  
T. Ridenour ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
To Receive

AbstractAimsResidential instability, including transience (i.e. unusually frequent mobility), is associated with higher risk for emotional and behavioural problems in children and young adults. However, most studies have not compared the effect of recent v. more distal moves on mental health or on mental health treatment. This study examined associations between recent (past year) and distal (past 2–4 years) residential transience and past year major depressive episode (MDE) and mental health treatment in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents aged 12–17.MethodsData are from the 2010–2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (n = ~107 300 adolescents). T-tests were used to examine the prevalence of MDE by number of moves in the past 5 years among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the adjusted association between recent (⩾2 moves in the past year) and distal (⩾4 moves in the past 5 years, but no recent transience) and (1) past year MDE and (2) past year mental health treatment among adolescents with MDE.ResultsMDE prevalence increased linearly with number of moves in the past 5 years (p < 0.001). The adjusted odds of MDE were greater among youths with distal transience (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.44) and among those with proximal transience (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17–1.46), compared with those without transience in the past 5 years. The MDE prevalence did not differ between those with distal and proximal transience (p = 0.163). In youths with past year MDE, the prevalence of past year mental health treatment was greater among those with proximal transience compared with those without transience (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.15–1.70), but there was no significant difference in treatment among those with distal v. no transience.ConclusionsDistal and recent transience are associated with past year MDE among adolescents. Adolescents with MDE who had recent transience were more likely to receive past year mental health treatment compared with those without transience. However, those with only distal transience were not more likely to receive treatment. Parents, school officials and health care providers should be aware that residential mobility in the past 5 years may indicate increased odds of depression among adolescents even among adolescents whose housing stability has improved in the past year.

Sexual Abuse and Assault in a Large National Sample of Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan ◽  
David Finkelhor
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Victimization Questionnaire ◽  
Children’S Exposure

The present study sought to examine features of sexual abuse cases among a U.S. nationally representative sample of 13,052 children and adolescents, ages 0–17 years. The National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence was collected in three different years (2008, 2011, and 2014) via telephone interviews. Information about sexual abuse and assault was obtained from youth themselves (ages 10–17) or caregivers (for children ages 0–9) using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Results indicate most offenses are at the hands of other juveniles (76.7% for males and 70.1% for females), primarily acquaintances, and occurring more frequently for adolescents aged 14–17. Whereas girls are mostly abused by males (88.4%), boys are abused by both males (45.6%) and females (54.4%). In 15% of cases, penetration is part of the abuse. Victims report being very afraid in 37.5% of episodes but not at all afraid in 19.8%. Among 10- to 17-year-olds, 66.3% of episodes are not reported to parents or any adult. Police reports occur for 19.1% of all cases. The results in the present study indicate that children and youth are exposed to sexual abuse and assault in varied ways, which require moving beyond conventional stereotypes of the problem.

scholarly journals Psychosocial and coping responses toward 2019 coronavirus diseases (COVID-19): a cross-sectional study within the Chinese general population

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Li
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
And Coping

Summary Background The 2019 coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) led out the mental health crisis. Aim To determine the psychological status and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD) among general population (except confirmed and suspected cases, and close contacts) and their association with the coping strategy types during the COVID-19 outbreak. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods Participants were recruited from the community through snowball sampling with anonymous online questionnaires, using 28-item General Health Questionnaire, 22-item Impact of Events Scale-Revised and 28-item Brief Coping Inventory to measure their psychiatric disorders, PTSD level and coping strategies. Results Of the total 1109 participants, 42.65% and 67.09% self-reported psychiatric disorders and high PTSD level, respectively. Age, occupation and education level were significantly association with psychological status. The status of psychiatric disorders was also significantly related to high PTSD level. Using both emotion and problem coping was better for psychiatric status [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54–0.98], and problem-focused coping was significantly associated with high PTSD level (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.25–3.51). Conclusion Negative psychological outcomes were common among the general people during the COVID-19 outbreak, and the findings may provide references for intervention guidelines of mental health for the community population.

Depression, Substance Use and Suicidality in Help-Seeking Adolescents: A Survey of Prevalence

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cosgrave ◽  
Eóin Killackey ◽  
Alison Yung ◽  
Joe Buckby ◽  
Katherine Godfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Public Mental Health

AbstractMental health problems affect a sizeable minority of Australian adolescents. Depression and substance use disorders are common mental disorders reported in this age group. Difficulties of this nature that manifest in adolescence will often continue into adulthood. This report describes a sample of adolescents referred to a public mental health service with respect to their psychiatric diagnoses, depressive symptoms, patterns of substance use and level of suicidality. Mood disorders and substance-use disorders were both prevalent in the sample of participants, with sizeable comorbidity reflected in the number ol participants meeting criteria for both of these diagnoses. Data revealed participants with a psychiatric diagnosis were significantly more likely to have made a suicide attempt than those with no diagnosis. High levels of depressive symptoms were associated with suicidality, illicit substance use, and the likelihood of having a psychiatric diagnosis. Heavy use of alcohol was prevalent in this group, but unrelated to the other variables of interest to the study. These results are discussed with respect to the importance of early detection of vulnerable students in a school setting.

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