Death and Society in Twentieth Century America

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fulton ◽  
Greg Owen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
The Media ◽  
Immediate Experience ◽  
Twentieth Century America ◽  
Two Age Groups

American attitudes and responses toward death have changed markedly during the twentieth century. This transformation is illustrated through an examination of two age groups: those born prior to the advent of the atomic bomb, and those born into the nuclear age. Each cohort contended with very different patterns of environment and socio-historical experiences, and had differential life expectancies as well. Images of death have changed significantly over this time-span, partially because of the pervasive influence of television and the overall growth in the importance of media. Death's presence in the media is simultaneously everywhere and nowhere; it is at once illusively fantastical and frighteningly real. Today's youth face the threat of a sudden anonymous death that is counterpoised against a more immediate experience with death that often is either distorted or denied. It is within this context that America's youth express their fears and frustrations in music, drugs, violence, and vicarious death experiences. The research agenda should include investigation of such phenomena as the rising interest in spirituality and the increase in suicide among adolescents as possible symptoms of despair in an impersonal and threatened world.

“Smoke and screens”: How streaming spreads the habit of smoking.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13563-e13563
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Brandon ◽  
Ilene Ramirez ◽  
Mariana Abal ◽  
Carlos Garcia Gerardi ◽  
Flavio Tognelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Media Content ◽  
The Media ◽  
Maturity Rating

e13563 Background: In Argentina, half of the media content reaches viewers through streaming platforms. This papers studies the frequency of smoking in fifty of the most watched programs on Netflix Argentina, and the average exposure to this habit in one hour of viewing. Methods: Between October 1, 2019, and January 10, 2020, we observed fifty of the most watched series on Netflix Argentina, set in the twentieth century or afterwards. The programs were grouped by Netflix Maturity Rating to analyze the frequency of smoking in shows available to different age groups. We established if smoking was present in the show and randomly selected one episode of each to time the amount of smoking. All times were standardized to 60 minutes to compare episodes of different duration. Results: Table shows the frequency of smoking in each of the Netflix Maturity Rating categories. The average exposure time to smoking is 2.5 minutes (r = 0-8 min) every 60 minutes. Conclusions: 1) Viewers are exposed to smoking in 64% of the most watched series on Netflix Argentina, for an equivalent of time to at least three tobacco advertisements per hour. 2) Smoking takes place in 50% to 73% of the series available to teenage viewers (rated 13+ or 16+). 3) Netflix has publicly committed to eradicate smoking from its series. We must ensure this commitment is fulfilled and extended to other streaming platforms and production companies. [Table: see text]

How similar, how different? On Dutch media depictions of older and younger people

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOROTA LEPIANKA
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
News Media ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Media ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTBy providing information on society at large, the media help to establish and maintain relations between various social groups, such as between younger and older people. They may also disturb the formation or maintenance of such relations,e.g.by stimulating the ‘othering’ of the out-group members. The aim of the present study was to trace how the different strategies of ‘othering’ are applied by Dutch news media in their portrayal of older and younger citizens. The analysis showed that the most notable discrepancies in the media coverage of the two age groups appear in (the nature of) their evaluation. While the negative descriptors of older characters relate more frequently to their (alleged) incompetence, the negative depictions of younger actors refer predominantly to their lack of benevolence. In the case of positive evaluations the reverse is true: older characters are more often presented as warm and younger people as competent. The results of the study are interpreted in the light of literature on social distance and (social) practices of ‘othering’.

scholarly journals Age Peculiarities of Perceiving Advertisements with Antisocial Narrative

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Kyshtymova ◽  
Natalia Pugatina
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
The Media ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Semantic Differential Technique ◽  
Two Age Groups

The article substantiates the judgment on scientific significance and socially induced importance of psychological analysis of advertising messages, of their potential violating the psychological safety. It describes the algorithm of the psychological analysis of the media-narrative, presents the analysis of the advertising clip «Pepsi» and gives the data of its perception by the users of different age groups. The research of the semantic evaluation of the advertising video is carried out using a modified version of the semantic differential technique. Subjects of two age groups participate in it: adolescent and juvenile. The article reveals and describes four meaningful factors of advertising evaluation based on the data obtained. It makes the comparison of advertising semantics in different age groups and present its results. The article reveals that the degree of criticality in advertising video perception is different for the subjects of different groups, the media content with violation of moral norms constitutes the psychological danger for adolescents and can provoke destructive forms of behaviour.

Cognitive Processing of Film Cuts Among 4- to 8-Year-Old Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Munk ◽  
Günter Daniel Rey ◽  
Anna Katharina Diergarten ◽  
Gerhild Nieding ◽  
Wolfgang Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Chronological Sequence

An eye tracker experiment investigated 4-, 6-, and 8-year old children’s cognitive processing of film cuts. Nine short film sequences with or without editing errors were presented to 79 children. Eye movements up to 400 ms after the targeted film cuts were measured and analyzed using a new calculation formula based on Manhattan Metrics. No age effects were found for jump cuts (i.e., small movement discontinuities in a film). However, disturbances resulting from reversed-angle shots (i.e., a switch of the left-right position of actors in successive shots) led to increased reaction times between 6- and 8-year old children, whereas children of all age groups had difficulties coping with narrative discontinuity (i.e., the canonical chronological sequence of film actions is disrupted). Furthermore, 4-year old children showed a greater number of overall eye movements than 6- and 8-year old children. This indicates that some viewing skills are developed between 4 and 6 years of age. The results of the study provide evidence of a crucial time span of knowledge acquisition for television-based media literacy between 4 and 8 years.

Michael Clegg (1933–1995): from naturalist to environmental correspondent in the multi-media age

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
The Media ◽  
Multi Media

The coverage of natural history in British newspapers has evolved from a “Nature notes” format – usually a regular column submitted by a local amateur naturalist – to professional, larger-format, presentations by dedicated environmental correspondents. Not all such environmental correspondents, however, have natural-history expertise or even a scientific background. Yorkshire's Michael Clegg was a man who had a life-long love of nature wedded to a desire to communicate that passion. He moved from a secure position in the museum world (with a journalistic sideline) to become a freelance newspaper journalist and (subsequently) commentator on radio and television dealing with, and campaigning on, environmental issues full-time. As such, he exemplified the transition in how natural history coverage in the media evolved in the final decades of the twentieth century reflecting modern concerns about biodiversity, conservation, pollution and sustainable development.

Gertrude Stein's Transmasculinity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Coffman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Pablo Picasso ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Carl Van Vechten ◽  
The Media ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Opening Up

By reading written and visual artefacts of Gertrude Stein’s life, Gertrude Stein’s Transmasculinity reframes earlier scholarship to argue that her gender was transmasculine and that her masculinity was positive rather than a self-hating form of false consciousness. This book considers ways Stein’s masculinity was formed through her relationship with her feminine partner, Alice B. Toklas, and her masculine homosocial bonds with other modernists in her network. This broadens out Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s account of “male homosocial bonding” to include all masculine persons, opening up the possibility of examining Stein’s relationship to Toklas; masculine women such as Jane Heap; and men such as Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, and Carl Van Vechten. The Introduction and first four chapters focus on surfacings of Stein’s masculinity within the visual and the textual: in others’ paintings and photographs of her person; her hermetic writings from the first three decades of the twentieth century; and her self-packaging for mass consumption in The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933). Whereas the chapter on The Autobiography underscores Toklas’s role in the formation of Stein’s masculinity and success as a modernist, the final three register the vicissitudes of the homosocial bonds at play in her friendships with Picasso, Hemingway, and Van Vechten. The Coda, which cross-reads Stein’s Everybody’s Autobiography (1937) with the media attention two museum exhibits about her attracted between 2011 and 2012, points to possibilities for future work on the implications of her masculine homosocial bonds with Vichy collaborator Bernard Fäy.

Concordance of Glucose-Based and of HbA1c-Based Diagnoses of Diabetes in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease—A Comparison between Two Age Groups

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1522-P
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPH H. SAELY ◽  
ALEXANDER VONBANK ◽  
CHRISTINE HEINZLE ◽  
DANIELA ZANOLIN ◽  
BARBARA LARCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Two Age Groups

Foundation for the Prevention and Pathological Aspects of Diseases of the Mucous Membranes of the Oral Cavity (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Bakaev Zh. N.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Age Groups

According to the authors, the prevalence of SOPR diseases is from 3 to 20%.In a study of 1573 residents of southern China in two age groups who use tobacco and alcohol, the incidence of SOPR was higher among men living in rural areas compared to urban residents. Among women aged 35-44 years, the incidence was higher in urban women, and in the 65-77-year-old group in rural women. In the course of studies in Brazil, among 335 patients older than 60 years, 646 diseases of the SOPR were identified. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of SOPR diseases in the Volgograd region of the Russian Federation

Internet Sex discourse and porn viewing by Arab adolescents: The overt and the covert and its impact on their sexual education and behavior (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Gesser-Edelsburg ◽  
Munawar Abed Elhadi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Sexual Discourse ◽  
Cultural Taboos ◽  
Internet Sex ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Two Age Groups

BACKGROUND Due to the religious proscription, it was found that Arab youths acquire information and view pornography secretly. The internet exposes them to contents that contradict religious and cultural taboos. There are few studies about viewing habits of sexual contents among Arab adolescents and about the way they discuss sexuality. OBJECTIVE to characterize the barriers and difficulties that prevent sexual discourse in Arab society and enable pornography viewing, according to the perceptions of adolescents and mothers. METHODS phenomological qualitative research methods, in-depth interviews with 40 participants. 20 Arab adolescents, sampled by two age groups: 14-16 and 16-18. In addition, 20 mothers of adolescents from both sexes were interviewed. RESULTS The findings indicate that mothers “turn a blind eye” to porn viewing and sexual activity by boys, versus a sweeping prohibition and denial of such behavior by girls. The boys reported viewing porn routinely, whereas girls denied doing so, but admitted that their girlfriends watched porn. The study also found that the boys have guilt feelings during and after the viewing as a result of the clash between modernity and traditional values. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to find a way to encourage a significant sexual discourse to prevent the violent consequences of its absence in Arab society. A controlled, transparent and critical sexual discourse could help youth make more informed decisions concerning the search for sexual contents, porn viewing and sexual behavior.

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