Differential Impact of Three Alcohol Prevention Curricula on Hypothesized Mediating Variables

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Hansen ◽  
John W. Graham ◽  
Bonnie H. Wolkenstein ◽  
Beth Z. Lundy ◽  
Jill Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Group Norms ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Conservative Group ◽  
Mediating Variables ◽  
Pressure Resistance

This study examines the effects of alcohol use prevention curricula designed to have differential impact on hypothesized mediating variables. Three curricula, one which focused on teaching individuals social pressure resistance skills, one which focused on solidifying conservative group norms, and one which had a goal of increasing student understanding of the consequences of using alcohol, were tested. Results confirm that each program had a differential effect on hypothesized mediating variables.

An Experimental Investigation of Self-Serving Biases in an Auditing Trust Game: The Effect of Group Affiliation

2002 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. King
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Group Norms ◽  
Group Affiliation

I report the results of an experiment designed to investigate the influence of noncredible communications and group affiliation on auditors' formation of self-serving bias. I find that manager-subjects use noncredible communications to induce auditors to develop an unwarranted trust of managers (i.e., a biased judgment). However, the bias is neutralized when auditor-subjects belong to groups that create social pressure to conform to group norms. Thus, my finding calls into question the Bazerman et al. (1997) conclusion that auditors cannot conduct impartial audits due to self-serving biases resulting from repeated interactions between auditors and their clients.

Effects on High School Students of Teaching a Cross-Age Alcohol Prevention Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Alison Padget ◽  
Mary Lou Bell ◽  
Stephen R. Shamblen ◽  
Chris Ringwalt
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact on high school students who taught elementary students MADD's Protecting You/Protecting Me (PY/PM), an alcohol use prevention and vehicle safety program. High school students ( N = 188) enrolled in a peer helping course completed surveys before and after teaching PY/PM, and a comparison group of peer helper students ( N = 141) from matched schools completed surveys at the same times. Results indicated that, relative to the comparison group, those exposed to PY/PM gained knowledge of alcohol's effects, increased their perceptions of the risks of high levels of alcohol use, gained teaching skills, and showed less frequent episodes of binge drinking. No effects were found for attitudes toward future drinking, perceptions of the risk of low levels of alcohol use, alcohol use, or vehicle safety. This cross-age prevention program may be successful in changing high school students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding high levels, but not low levels, of alcohol use.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Alcohol Abuse Among College Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Athletic Identity ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Recreational Sport ◽  
Concept Theory ◽  
Predictive Relationship

Self-concept theory was used as a theoretical basis to investigate the utility of social norms alcohol prevention programs for college athletes. The predictive relationship among alcohol use and athletic identity, competitiveness, drinking game participation, and level of sport participation was investigated. Drinking game participation was found to be a significant predictor of total weekly alcohol use above and beyond the other predictors. In addition, organized recreational sport participation was a significant predictor of total binge-drinking episodes. It was demonstrated that individuals not currently participating in sports with an athletic identity in the same range as current athletes consumed alcohol at similar rates to current athletes, thus supporting athletic identity as an alternative way of classifying athlete status when studying alcohol consumption patterns. These results highlight the importance of drinking game participation in the alcohol use of college athletes and the validity of applying self-concept theory to alcohol prevention programs.

Alcohol Expectancies in Relation to Personality and Aggression among Juvenile Delinquents in Northern Russia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Roman A. Koposov ◽  
Vladislav V. Ruchkin ◽  
Martin Eisemann ◽  
Pavel I. Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Northern Russia ◽  
High Level ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

The relationships between alcohol expectancies, level of alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, aggression, and personality factors in 198 Russian male juvenile delinquents were assessed. A clustering procedure was used in order to establish main patterns of alcohol expectancies, yielding three major clusters. Level of alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, aggression, and personality factors were compared across the identified clusters. It was established that juvenile delinquents with a high level of positive alcohol expectancies and aggression represented a risk-group for higher involvement in drinking behavior as well as problem drinking, which in turn are related to specific personality traits. Implications of these findings for alcohol prevention among the youth are discussed.

scholarly journals Age at first alcohol use predicts current alcohol use, binge drinking and mixing of alcohol with energy drinks among Ontario Grade 12 students in the COMPASS study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone D. Holligan ◽  
Katelyn Battista ◽  
Margaret de Groh ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Current Alcohol

Introduction This study investigates the influence of age at first use of alcohol on current alcohol use and associated behaviours in a large sample of Canadian youth. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among Ontario Grade 12 students enrolled in the COMPASS Host Study between 2012 and 2017. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) modelling to determine associations between age at first alcohol use and likelihood of current versus non-current alcohol use, binge drinking and mixing of alcohol with energy drinks among respondents. Results Students reporting an age at first alcohol use between ages 13 and 14 years were more likely to report current alcohol use versus non-current use (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 2.26–3.45) and current binge drinking versus non-current binge drinking (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 2.45–4.25) compared to students reporting first alcohol use at age 18 years or older. Students who started drinking at 8 years of age or younger were more likely to report current versus non-current alcohol use (OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 2.83–4.43), binge drinking (OR = 3.99, 95% CI: 2.97–5.37), and mixing of alcohol with energy drinks (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.23–4.14), compared to students who started drinking at 18 years or older. Conclusion Starting to drink alcohol in the early teen years predicted current alcohol use, current binge drinking and mixing of alcohol with energy drinks when students were in Grade 12. Findings indicate a need for development of novel alcohol prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors for alcohol use among school-going adolescents in Montevideo (Uruguay)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Fernandez ◽  
Lilian Daset ◽  
Wouter Vanderplasschen ◽  
Cesar Daniel Costa Ball ◽  
Lore Van Damme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore risk and protective factors for alcohol use among school-going adolescents in Montevideo (Uruguay). Design/methodology/approach A self-report survey was administered to 331 school-going adolescents in Montevideo (Uruguay) (Mage=13; SD=0.05), using the alcohol screening instrument of the Uruguayan National Drug Board to assess adolescents’ alcohol use (yes/no), a screening instrument for psychopathology and resilience (the adolescent self-report) and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Findings Logistic regression analyses identified antisocial behaviour, substance use and negative emotionality (F2), disruptive and dysregulated behaviour (F8), higher age and recent death of a close relative as risk factors, while the number of close friends was identified as a protective factor for past year alcohol use (yes/no). No straightforward relationship was found between schools and the risk for the past year alcohol use. In addition, age, F2, F8 and recent death of a close relative appeared to be the most robust predictors. Research limitations/implications The study was the first in Uruguay to relate adolescents’ alcohol use to risk and protective factors. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study, causal relationships could not be determined. Originality/value The study provides preliminary recommendations for policy makers and other stakeholders involved in youth affairs on core elements to focus on school-, community- and family-based alcohol prevention programmes for adolescents.

Why target early adolescents and parents in alcohol prevention? The mediating effects of self-control, rules and attitudes about alcohol use

Addiction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina M. Koning ◽  
Regina J. J. M. van den Eijnden ◽  
Rutger C. M. E. Engels ◽  
Jacqueline E. E. Verdurmen ◽  
Wilma A. M. Vollebergh
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Control Rules

scholarly journals Parents’ Initiation of Alcohol Drinking among Elementary and Kindergarten Students

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Kazuko Eto ◽  
Masahiro Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Parental Experience ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parent Groups

Parental experience of initiation of alcohol drinking has been identified as one of the early causes of alcohol drinking in preadolescents in many countries, including Japan. This study identified the association between parental alcohol-related knowledge and the initiation of alcohol use among preadolescent students in an urban area in Japan. Self-administrated questionnaires were distributed to 420 parents of kindergarteners and elementary school students, of which 339 were filled and returned (response rate: 81%). The parents’ experience in initiating alcohol drinking in their children and their knowledge about the effects of alcohol on youth were explored. The requirements for drinking prevention programs for youth were also investigated. The result showed that a significantly higher proportion of parents of elementary school students had experiences of initiating alcohol use in their children compared to parents of kindergarten children. The parents’ knowledge regarding the effects of alcohol on youth showed no significant difference between the two parent groups. These data indicate that the age of children is the only factor as opposed to parents’ knowledge. We also found significant differences in the requirements of prevention programs between the two parent groups. The results of this study can contribute to the design of alcohol prevention programs for these parents, which could reduce the onset of children’s drinking.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences and Alcohol Use Consumption Patterns among Vulnerable Urban Youth in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Monica H Swahn ◽  
Nina K. Babihuga ◽  
Shanta R. Dube ◽  
Rogers Kasirye
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Vulnerable Youth ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Purpose: Youth living in the urban slums in Uganda have many unmet needs. The purpose of the current study is to briefly examine the associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and alcohol use patterns, an understudied area among urban vulnerable youth, in order to provide guidance and insight for service provision for youth. Methods: The current data analysis is based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in June 2011 which consisted of a convenience sample of youth living in the slums (ages 14-24) attending a drop-in center, Uganda Youth Development Link (UYDEL). Descriptive statistics were computed. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine psychosocial correlates with being an orphan. Results: Factors associated with alcohol use varied by sex (p<.05) (alcohol use was more common among girls), age (p<.000), (alcohol use more common among youth 18 years of age and older) and alcohol use were also more common among youth who reported the following ACEs; parents hitting each other (p<.000) , parental use of alcohol (p<.000), being hungry (p<.000), having ever lived on the street (p<.000) and having been raped (p<.000). Conclusions: The prevalence of ACEs were high in this study population which is a great concern. Moreover ACEs were associated with earlier age of alcohol use initiation, frequent and heavy drinking underscoring the need for additional support for past childhood trauma as well as alcohol prevention efforts for these vulnerable youth.

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