Open-Ended Attributions for the Performance of the Elderly

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Ryan ◽  
Kim Bartlett-Weikel
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stability Dimension ◽  
The Stability

The present study explored open-ended attributions for the success and failure of relatively younger and older men in social and academic situations using a between-subjects design. Attributions were collected from 109 college students and were coded using the Elig and Frieze scheme. Results showed that respondents were more likely to make attributions that combined age with other attributional categories (age-related attributions) than attributions solely to target's age. And, they made more ability-task interaction than ability attributions. Moreover, both attributions were as likely to be made for the elderly adult's success as his failure. Finally, differences also emerged in results from the stability dimension and those for age-related and ability-task attributions indicating that these parameters should be assessed independently in future research.

scholarly journals Molecular Interactions between Dietary Lipids and Bone Tissue during Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6473
Author(s):  
Jose M. Romero-Márquez ◽  
Alfonso Varela-López ◽  
María D. Navarro-Hortal ◽  
Alberto Badillo-Carrasco ◽  
Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Related

Age-related bone disorders such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis are a major public health problem due to the functional disability for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, fractures are associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality in the long term, which generates greater financial and health costs. As the world population becomes older, the incidence of this type of disease increases and this effect seems notably greater in those countries that present a more westernized lifestyle. Thus, increased efforts are directed toward reducing risks that need to focus not only on the prevention of bone diseases, but also on the treatment of persons already afflicted. Evidence is accumulating that dietary lipids play an important role in bone health which results relevant to develop effective interventions for prevent bone diseases or alterations, especially in the elderly segment of the population. This review focuses on evidence about the effects of dietary lipids on bone health and describes possible mechanisms to explain how lipids act on bone metabolism during aging. Little work, however, has been accomplished in humans, so this is a challenge for future research.

scholarly journals Internet use and self-assessed health among older people: an update using SHARE data (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida-Isabel Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Ten years ago, an age-related digital divide was identified, where the elderly were a group of people at risk of losing the benefits of a digital society. Since then a 'new' generation of elderly has emerged. We are now updating previous studies on the relationship between self-assessed health and internet use by elderly persons. OBJECTIVE The two aims of this work are to find a relationship between self-assessed health and internet use by elderly people in European countries and to ascertain whether this relationship differs in countries with a more developed eHealth policy. METHODS Individual data from the SHARE survey version 6.0.0 published in 2017 for 18 countries are used. An ordered logistic regression is estimated for all the countries in the sample and for two subsets of countries which differ in their eHealth performance. RESULTS Results show that elderly people who use the internet tend to report better health status. The estimated coefficient equals 0.288 (p=0.00). This relationship is stronger in countries with higher eHealth performance where the estimated coefficient equals 0.413 (p=0.00). In countries with lower eHealth performance, that coefficient equals 0.148 (p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that internet use is a determinant of self-assessed health among the elderly. There are lines for future research such as explaining 'why' and 'how' trust may influence the relationship between internet use and self-assessed health and examining the digital divide due to socioeconomic inequality.

Age-related resistance to skeletal muscle fatigue is preserved during ischemia

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1628-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H. Chung ◽  
Damien M. Callahan ◽  
Jane A. Kent-Braun
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Age Related

During voluntary contractions, the skeletal muscle of healthy older adults often fatigues less than that of young adults, a result that has been explained by relatively greater reliance on muscle oxidative metabolism in the elderly. Our aim was to investigate whether this age-related fatigue resistance was eliminated when oxidative metabolism was minimized via ischemia induced by cuff (220 mmHg). We hypothesized that 1) older men ( n = 12) would fatigue less than young men ( n = 12) during free-flow (FF) contractions; 2) both groups would fatigue similarly during ischemia; and 3) reperfusion would reestablish the fatigue resistance of the old. Subjects performed 6 min of intermittent, maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the ankle dorsiflexors under FF and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) conditions. Ischemia was maintained for the first 3 min of contractions, followed by rapid cuff deflation and reperfusion for 3 additional minutes of contractions. Central activation, peripheral activation, and muscle contractile properties were measured at 3 and 6 min of contractions. Older men fatigued less than young men during FF ( P ≤ 0.02), ischemia ( P < 0.001), and reperfusion ( P < 0.001). During FF, activation and contractile properties changed similarly across age groups. At the end of ischemia, central ( P = 0.02) and peripheral ( P ≤ 0.03) activation declined more in the young, with no effect of age on the changes in contractile properties. Thus age-related fatigue resistance was evident during FF and IR, indicating that differences in blood flow and oxidative metabolism do not explain the fatigue resistance of old age.

scholarly journals THE EXAMINATION OF SHORT HANDWRITTEN RECORDS EXECUTED BY PERSONS OF THE ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-308
Author(s):  
D. Gaydamakina ◽  
O. Drobysheva ◽  
L. Grinenko ◽  
O. Matsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
The Stability

Nowadays, the objects of forensic handwriting analysis are often become short handwritten records of elderly people and senile. The study of such records is one of the most difficult when conducting handwriting examination. This is due to the nature of this object, which is often subjected to changes due to insufficient written practice, influence of age-related changes in the body or conditions common for the elderly people and senile, frequent execution of short handwritten records in unusual conditions, and sometimes with the help of other people, limitations in the studied graphic material. The article attempts to substantiate and systematize theoretical knowledge on the study of short handwritten records executed by elderly and senile people through analyzing the literature and forensic practice on the study of this type of objects, establishing individual patterns of handwriting, explaining the nature of diagnostic signs occurrence, determining the structure of the process for solving the mentioned tasks. Cases from practice and related problematic aspects of solving identification and diagnostic tasks are considered. The main characteristics of impaired ability (sensory, amnestic and motor aphasia) to write are given. Literature sources are analyzed, which consider the physiological mechanisms of the formation of writing skills and the features of their changes due to various conditions in elderly and senile people. Handwriting can undergo changes owing to aging of the body. Disorder of hand-eye coordination, conditions of the musculoskeletal system, nervous system, circulatory disorders, inherent for elderly and senile people, affect the stability of handwriting features. Testaments, contracts of sale and donation, bank documents are often signed by people of elderly and senile age shortly before death resulting from a serious long illness after experiencing such conditions as stroke or myocardial infarction. It is the aging of the body that is accompanied by deterioration in the state of health, impaired vision, muscle weakness, depletion of the nervous system, decreased mobility of the musculoskeletal system and impaired blood circulation. Features of writing motor skill functioning in the elderly and senile people lead to a slowdown in the tempo of movement, decrease in their amplitude and speed, decrease in the plasticity of movements. The correct ratio of such signs as proficiency and coordination of movements is of great importance. In addition, short handwritten records executed by the elderly and senile people contain a limited amount of graphic material. At the moment of executing a short recording, even under normal conditions, the performer needs a certain adaptation to a situation, which can not be performed while rare or occasional execution of a single short record. Therefore, the stability of a skill while executing short recording has an increased spread, and selective variability has low thresholds.

Stakeholders’ perspective on issues and challenges associated with care and treatment of aging-related cognitive impairment disorders in Singapore

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1421-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Setia ◽  
Amina M. Islam ◽  
James P. Thompson ◽  
David B. Matchar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Care And Treatment ◽  
Care System

ABSTRACTBackground:An expanding elderly population poses challenges for the provision of care and treatment for age-related physical and mental disorders. Cognitive impairment (CI)/dementia is one such mental disorder that is on the rise in Singapore and has concomitant implications for social and health systems. The objective of this study is to understand the perspectives of prominent stakeholders about current and future issues and challenges associated with CI/dementia among the elderly in Singapore.Methods:Using indepth interviews, this qualitative study obtained the views of multiple stakeholders on issues and challenges associated with CI/dementia in Singapore. The 30 individuals interviewed as part of the study included clinicians, policy-makers, researchers, community workers, administrators, and caregivers. Using a framework approach, interview texts were indexed into domains and issues by utilizing NVivo 9.0 software.Results:The stakeholders expressed concerns related to multiple domains of the CI/dementia care system: attitude and awareness, economics, education, family caregiving, inputs to care system, living arrangements, prevention, screening and diagnosis, and treatment and management of care. Within each domain, multiple issues and challenges were identified by respondents.Conclusions:The study identifies a complex set of inter-related issues and challenges that are associated with the care and treatment of people with CI/dementia. The results suggest that CI and dementia profoundly affect patients, families, and communities and that the issues related to the two disorders are truly system-wide. These findings lay the foundation for utilization of a systems approach to studying CI/dementia and provide an analytic framework for future research on complex health care issues.

scholarly journals Daily Leucine Intake Is Positively Associated with Lower Limb Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in the Elderly

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3536
Author(s):  
Manoel E. Lixandrão ◽  
Igor Longobardi ◽  
Alice E. Leitão ◽  
João V. M. Morais ◽  
Paul A. Swinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anabolic Resistance ◽  
Age Related

Higher daily protein intake, with an emphasis on leucine content, is thought to mitigate age-related anabolic resistance, potentially counteracting age-related morphological and functional declines. The present study investigated potential associations between total daily leucine intake and dependent variables, including quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximum dynamic muscle strength (1-RM) in a cohort of healthy free-living older individuals of both sexes (n = 67; 34/33 men/women). Participants performed three 24 h dietary recalls and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging exam followed by 1-RM tests. Our results demonstrate moderate associations between total daily leucine and both quadriceps CSA (r = 0.42; p = 0.004) and 1-RM (r = 0.45; p = 0.001). Furthermore, our exploratory biphasic linear regression analyses, adjusted for sex, age, and protein intake relative to body weight, revealed a plateau for daily leucine intake and muscle mass and muscle strength (~7.6–8.0 g·day−1) in older adults. In conclusion, we demonstrated that total daily leucine intake is associated with muscle mass and strength in healthy older individuals and this association remains after controlling for multiple factors, including overall protein intake. Furthermore, our breakpoint analysis revealed non-linearities and a potential threshold for habitual leucine intake, which may help guide future research on the effects of chronic leucine intake in age-related muscle loss.

Personalizing Medicine in Geriatric Oncology

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (24) ◽  
pp. 2581-2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Walko ◽  
Howard L. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Geriatric Oncology ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Minimizing toxicity while maximizing efficacy is a common goal in the treatment of any condition but its importance is underscored in the discipline of oncology because of the serious nature of many chemotherapeutic toxicities and the risk of cancer recurrence or disease progression. The challenge of achieving an optimal therapeutic index is especially augmented in the elderly population because of age-related metabolism changes and interacting concurrent medications. Additional factors, such as germline mutations in drug-metabolizing enzymes and other pharmacogenomic alterations, may have more pronounced effects in elderly patients, given their predisposition to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with resulting increased risk of toxicity. Examples of the possible interplay of these factors will be discussed using tamoxifen, paclitaxel, codeine, and fluorouracil as starting points. Limited participation of the elderly in many cancer trials, especially trials assessing drug exposure, makes much knowledge on the interaction of these patient and environmental factors speculative in nature but presents an opportunity for future research to achieve better optimization of chemotherapeutic agents in the elderly.

The Biological Clock and Sleep in the Elderly

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Juda ◽  
Mirjam Münch ◽  
Anna Wirz-Justice ◽  
Martha Merrow ◽  
Till Roenneberg
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Sleep Difficulties ◽  
Circadian Biology

Abstract: Among many other changes, older age is characterized by advanced sleep-wake cycles, changes in the amplitude of various circadian rhythms, as well as reduced entrainment to zeitgebers. These features reveal themselves through early morning awakenings, sleep difficulties at night, and a re-emergence of daytime napping. This review summarizes the observations concerning the biological clock and sleep in the elderly and discusses the documented and theoretical considerations behind these age-related behavioral changes, especially with respect to circadian biology.

What Can We Learn from Sarcopenia with Curarisation in the Context of Cancer Surgery? A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3005-3010
Author(s):  
Georges Samouri ◽  
Alexandre Stouffs ◽  
Lionel V. Essen ◽  
Olivier Simonet ◽  
Marc De Kock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Old People ◽  
Age Related

Introduction: The monitoring of the curarisation is a unique opportunity to investigate the function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) during cancer surgery, especially in frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia. Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature review in PubMed, without any limit of time related to frailty, sarcopenia, age and response to neuromuscular blockers in the context of cancer surgery. Results: Several modifications appear with age: changes in cardiac output, a decrease in muscle mass and increase in body fat, the deterioration in renal and hepatic function, the plasma clearance and the volume of distribution in elderly are smaller. These changes can be exacerbated in cancer patients. We also find modifications of the NMJ: dysfunctional mitochondria, modifications in the innervation of muscle fibers and motor units, uncoupling of the excitation-contraction of muscle fibers, inflammation. : Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) compete with acetylcholine and prevent it from fixing itself on its receptor. Many publications reported guidelines for using NMBAs in the elderly, based on studies comparing old people with young people. : No one screened frailty before, and thus, no studies compared frail elderly and non-frail elderly undergoing cancer surgery. Conclusion: Despite many studies about curarisation in the specific populations, and many arguments for a potential interest for investigation, no studies investigated specifically the response to NMBAs in regard of the frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia.

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