scholarly journals Molecular Interactions between Dietary Lipids and Bone Tissue during Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6473
Author(s):  
Jose M. Romero-Márquez ◽  
Alfonso Varela-López ◽  
María D. Navarro-Hortal ◽  
Alberto Badillo-Carrasco ◽  
Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Related

Age-related bone disorders such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis are a major public health problem due to the functional disability for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, fractures are associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality in the long term, which generates greater financial and health costs. As the world population becomes older, the incidence of this type of disease increases and this effect seems notably greater in those countries that present a more westernized lifestyle. Thus, increased efforts are directed toward reducing risks that need to focus not only on the prevention of bone diseases, but also on the treatment of persons already afflicted. Evidence is accumulating that dietary lipids play an important role in bone health which results relevant to develop effective interventions for prevent bone diseases or alterations, especially in the elderly segment of the population. This review focuses on evidence about the effects of dietary lipids on bone health and describes possible mechanisms to explain how lipids act on bone metabolism during aging. Little work, however, has been accomplished in humans, so this is a challenge for future research.

scholarly journals LAMP in Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Focus on Parasites

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Juan García-Bernalt Diego ◽  
Pedro Fernández-Soto ◽  
Antonio Muro
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Early 21St Century

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), particularly those caused by parasites, remain a major Public Health problem in tropical and subtropical regions, with 10% of the world population being infected. Their management and control have been traditionally hampered, among other factors, by the difficulty to deploy rapid, specific, and affordable diagnostic tools in low resource settings. This is especially true for complex PCR-based methods. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, particularly loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), appeared in the early 21st century as an alternative to PCR, allowing for a much more affordable molecular diagnostic. Here, we present the status of LAMP assays development in parasite-caused NTDs. We address the progress made in different research applications of the technique: xenomonitoring, epidemiological studies, work in animal models and clinical application both for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment success. Finally, we try to shed a light on the improvements needed to achieve a true point-of-care test and the future perspectives in this field.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sexual Violence in Migrants, Applicants for International Protection, and Refugees in Europe: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of the Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte De Schrijver ◽  
Tom Vander Beken ◽  
Barbara Krahé ◽  
Ines Keygnaert
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Critical Interpretive Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of

(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) is a major public health problem, with negative socio-economic, physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health consequences. Migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees (MARs) are vulnerable to SV. Since many European countries are seeing high migratory pressure, the development of prevention strategies and care paths focusing on victimised MARs is highly needed. To this end, this study reviews evidence on the prevalence of SV among MAR groups in Europe and the challenges encountered in research on this topic. (2) Methods: A critical interpretive synthesis of 25 peer-reviewed academic studies and 22 relevant grey literature documents was conducted based on a socio-ecological model. (3) Results: Evidence shows that SV is highly frequent in MARs in Europe, yet comparison with other groups is still difficult. Methodologically and ethically sound representative studies comparing between populations are still lacking. Challenges in researching SV in MARs are located at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, societal, and policy levels. (4) Conclusions: Future research should start with a clear definition of the concerned population and acts of SV to generate comparable data. Participatory qualitative research approaches could be applied to better grasp the complexity of interplaying determinants of SV in MARs.

scholarly journals Dating and relationship violence victimization and perpetration among 11–16 year olds in Wales: a cross-sectional analysis of the School Health Research Network (SHRN) survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honor Young ◽  
Sara Jayne Long ◽  
G J Melendez-Torres ◽  
Hyun Sue Kim ◽  
Gillian Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
School Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background This study examines the prevalence of dating and relationship violence (DRV) victimization, perpetration and joint victimization and perpetration, and associations between DRV and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional self-report data from 74 908 students aged 11–16 from 193 schools across Wales were collected and analysed using generalized estimating equations to examine prevalence and predictors of emotional and physical DRV victimization, perpetration and joint victimization and perpetration. Results More girls reported emotional victimization (28%) and perpetration (18%) than boys (20% and 16%, respectively). More girls (8%) than boys (7%) reported physical perpetration. However, boys (17%) reported more physical victimization than girls (12%). Age-related trajectories of DRV victimization and perpetration were stronger in girls than in boys. Students from single or step parent homes, those in care, and certain ethnic minority groups had increased odds of DRV. No association was found between socioeconomic status and DRV. Conclusions Age-related trajectories and the lack of social patterning by socioeconomic status point to the value of early, universal interventions, while some evidence of ethnic patterning and family structure-related risk factors suggest areas for further research and targeted interventions. DRV continues to be a major public health problem for which little UK-specific intervention evidence exists.

Sociodemographic and clinical profile in elderly suicide victims: 34 autopsy case studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s887-s887
Author(s):  
S. Ellouze ◽  
I. Baati ◽  
W. Ben Amar ◽  
D. Trigui ◽  
W. Abbes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Elderly Suicide

IntroductionThe elderly suicide is a major public health problem that is gaining more and more ground, given the aging population problem. This has rarely been the subject of forensic studies in Tunisia.ObjectivesTo identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of elderly suicide victims over 60 years and to determine what factors might increase suicide risk in this population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on suicide victims aged 60 and over, autopsied in forensic medicine department of the Habib Bourguiba university hospital in Sfax (Tunisia), on a 10-year period (January 2006–December 2015).ResultsWe identified 34 cases with an average age of 66 years. The sex ratio was 2.77. Suicide victims were alone in 38.2% of cases. They were inactive professionally in 32.4% of cases. Almost half of them (44.1%) had a psychiatric history, 40% of depressed pace, 26.7% of bipolar disorder and 13.3% of schizophrenia.Three main factors were identified as precipitating the passage to suicidal act: family conflicts (26.5%), financial difficulties (11.8%) and loss of autonomy (5.9%).Suicide methods were hanging (50%), immolation and drug intoxication (11.8%), hit by train and poisoning (8.8%), jumping from height (5.9%) and drowning (2.9%). In 55.8% of cases, suicide took place at home.ConclusionElderly suicide seems to be a huge but largely preventable public health problem. Its prevention is essentially based on the identification of risk situations and the detection and treatment of depression: major suicide risk factor in this population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A review on the role of macro and micro nutrients in bone health

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Rupesh Jung Belbase ◽  
Amrut Diwakar Raje ◽  
Anchal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Bone Maintenance ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients

<p class="abstract">Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, affecting many individuals. The aging population will require problem related prevention, education, and treatment to maintain bone density and reduce the bone fractures and falls. Inadequate intake of nutrients increases the risk for bone loss and subsequent osteoporosis. Protein, calcium and vitamin D are vital nutrients for optimal bone health. Adequate calcium is essential for bone maintenance. There are several other vitamin and mineral needed for metabolic processes related to good bone health, including manganese, copper, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin C and the B vitamins. Related macro- and micronutrients play an important role in bone mass integrity and quality. Adequate nutrition for older adults needs to be encouraged to promote and maintain bone health.</p>

scholarly journals Gut microbiota, probiotics, prebiotics and bone health: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Nan Shang ◽  
Jianping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases

Gut microbiota is widely accepted to play a crucial role to host health via the regulation of many physiological functions, including metabolism, nutrition, pathogen resistance, and immune function. Over the last decades, accumulating evidence has also pinpointed a role for gut microbiota on bone metabolism and the development of metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Emerging evidence suggests the potential of gut microbiota as a promising target for bone health management. In this contribution, we have examined the available literature to understand the role of gut microbiota on bone metabolism as well as the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the application and effectiveness of using probiotics/prebiotics as means to modify gut microbiota and bone health are discussed. In this relation, animal studies and human trails suggest that alternation of gut microbiota composition can exert the activity of bone metabolism and therefore lead to the change of bone quality. It is believed that gut microbiota regulates bone metabolism via host immune system, endocrine system and mineral absorption. Supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics to both animals and humans has demonstrated promising, but sometimes conflicting results, on bone health. Thus, future research is expected to reveal the influence of the variations in age, gender, dose, delivery method, and treatment duration, among others on the probiotics/prebiotics-targeted bone diseases treatment.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Geriatric Depression: An Opinion

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
João Moutão ◽  
Eric Murillo-Rodriguez ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

Depression represents a common public health problem in the world. Depression in the elderly appears to follow a vulnerability-stress model, with an interaction between individual vulnerabilities, including genetic factors, age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes, and a variety of stressful events that occur more frequently in advanced ages, such as grief, financial problems, and reduction in autonomy/functionality. In the last decades, several studies have indicated that exercise can be effective in preventing or reducing depressive symptoms, both in healthy and psychiatric populations. Due to the scientific community's interest in the efficacy and safety of physical exercise as complementary therapy for depressed elderly patients, we conduct an opinion study on the subject. Despite the researchers' efforts, in the last decades little progress has been made in verifying the efficacy of exercise in geriatric depression.

Prevalence of Anemia and its Correlates among Elderly population of an Urban Slum in Meerut

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratandeep Lamba ◽  
Abhishek Agarwal ◽  
Ravi Rana ◽  
Vertika Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem in elderly persons which is often overlooked. With rising urbanization and world is facing demographic transition, there is a need to increase focus on elderly residing in urban slums. Aim: The present study aims to find the prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among the elderly population in an urban slum of Meerut. Methodology: The present study conducted in an urban slum of Meerut from November 2017 to January 2018. The sample size was calculated as 396, considering the prevalence of anaemia as 45.5% in this age group. Haemoglobin levels were estimated using paper chromatography methodby hemoc-heck rapid diagnostic kit. Data were compiled and analysed using epi info software version 3.7.2. Results: 49.5% of the elderly residing in urban slums were found to be anaemic. The anaemia in the elderly was found to be significantly associated with employment, socioeconomic status and chronic diseases like COPD, hypertension and Tuberculosis

Quetiapine XR reduce impulsivity and dissociation in a sample of alcoholic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S312-S313
Author(s):  
M. Godio ◽  
M. Preve ◽  
N.E. Suardi ◽  
E. Bolla ◽  
R.A. Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Quetiapine Xr ◽  
Oral Naltrexone ◽  
Affective Temperament ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAlcohol dependence (AD) is a major public health problem. Currently, three drugs for the treatment of AD have been approved: acamprosate, disulfiram and oral naltrexone. Quetiapine XR is an atypical antipsychotic has been shown to be a promising medication for the treatment of alcoholism [1,2]. The aim of our study is evaluate quetiapine efficacy on impulsivity in a sample of alcoholic patients.MethodA sample of alcoholic patients (n = 40) was assessed at the entrance and 2 months with: SCID-P, Brief-Temps, BIS-11, GSR, BPRS, SCI-DER, and CGI. The medium dosage of quetiapine is 300 mg.ResultsUsing the last observation carried forward, the mean total BIS score decreased from 60.8 at baseline to 40.2 at the final visit (P = .03). More pronounced improvement was observed in motor impulsiveness (P < .03) and attentional impulsiveness (P < .05) compared with non-planning impulsiveness (P = .09). We observed an improvement in SCI-DER total score (P = .02), in particular in derealization (P = .03) and autopsychic depersonalization (P = .04). A mean weight gain of 4.8 kg was observed. There is not significant different related to the different affective temperament.Discussion and conclusionAnalyses revealed a significant effect of Quetiapine XR in improving impulsivity and dissociation, in particular motor and attentional impulsiveness, derealization and autopsychic depersonalization. Moreover, an improvement of dissociative symptoms is probably connected with the blockade of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors [3]. Methodological limitations, clinical implications and suggestions for future research directions are considered.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals (P1-88) Development of a First Hospital Based Trauma Registry at JPN Apex Trauma Center, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s127-s127
Author(s):  
A. Gupta ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
S. Sagar ◽  
M. Singhal ◽  
B. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Trauma Registry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Related Data

Although Injury is being looked into as a major public health problem in India, most of the data coming is mortality related data from the National Crime Records Bureau and projections based on that data. There is complete absence if injury related data both surveillance data as well as outcome based data. Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi is one of the pioneering centers to understand the need to record the injury related data of all trauma cases which are admitted to the Apex Center, thus establishing a first of its kind hospital based Trauma Registry in India. This trauma registry will serve as a means for collating trauma data that will further help in the evaluation, prevention, and research of trauma care and can be used for quality control and planning future research and injury prevention activities, in India. Later, the center has an objective of networking all regional hospitals for data collection with an aim to establish a National Trauma Registry. Although several trauma registry software's exist from Western hemisphere but the Apex Trauma Center decided to formulate and designed its own Trauma Registry form and develop the related software which includes: Basic Identification; Demographic profile; Brought by personnel and vehicle; Condition at time of arrival; ED Interventions; Detailed Diagnosis; Definitive Procedures; Disposition/ Outcome The Trauma registry is being maintained, under the leadership of a Faculty and the data is collected and entered by the Trauma Nurse Coordinators, who follow the patient from admission to discharge. The data collection for the JPNATC Trauma Registry had started w.e.f. April 2009, but initially there were usual problems of data loss and non-availability of data. This has been overcome gradually and we hope that the registry will attain its full potential in another year or so.

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