Health Services and the Legitimation of the Colonial State: British Malaya 1786–1941

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore Manderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Export Industries ◽  
And Control

This article is concerned with the establishment and extension of health care and medical services in British colonial Malaya. Initially, medical care was provided for the colonial elite and those in their direct employment. With the expansion of colonial control beyond trade centers into the hinterland and with the growth of agriculture and mining, Western medicine was extended both to labor involved in these export industries and to others whose ill health might jeopardize the welfare of the colonists. Public health programs in the twentieth century continued to focus on medical problems that had direct impact on the colonial economy, but programs were extended to ensure the reproduction as well as the maintenance of the labor force. This article develops the notion of a legitimation vacuum, and the role of the state provision of social services, including medical services, in legitimizing colonial presence and control.

Changing Borders: The Politics of the EU

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gönül Tol
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Social Services ◽  
European Population ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

Migration has always been a feature of human affairs, though in recent decades it has become a major phenomenon. In fact, the growing diversity of the European population as well as the inevitable changing of borders within the European Union (EU) reveal that Europe has become an immigration continent. These developments have, however, prompted concerns over the EU’s external borders and control of immigration, as well as the need for further inquiry by international relations scholarship. Although the regulation of immigration has received a European dimension only recently, the EU has taken steps to cooperate on the issue of immigration. The changing nature of immigration had, after all, led to a perception among European electorates that immigration was not only a demographic or an economic issue but had other dimensions. It could have multiple impacts on their societies, including welfare, social services and social cohesion. Furthermore, until recently, theories of international migration have paid little attention to the nation-state as an agent influencing the flow of migration. When the nation-state has been mentioned, attention has focused primarily on immigrant-receiving countries. Little has been written about the regulation of emigration in countries of origin. As a result, the role of the state in limiting or promoting migration is poorly understood. Though there is a growing body of scholarship attempting to address these gaps in understanding the EU’s case for immigration, there are still further avenues of research many have yet to pursue.

scholarly journals KONSEP WELLFARE STATE DI INDONEISA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Roselina Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Market Economy System ◽  
Economy System

Walfare State concept born in the era of the 20th century as a correction of the development of the concept of the country as night watchman, the phenomenon of economic capitalism that gradually leads to lameness in the distribution of sources of prosperity. In the Walfare State concept, the state is required to extend its responsibility to the socio-economic problems facing the people. The functions of the state also include activities that were previously beyond the scope of state functions, such as extending the provision of social services to individuals and families in specific matters, such as social security. The role of the state can not be separated with Welfare State because the state that plays a role in managing the economy which includes the responsibility of the state to ensure the availability of basic welfare services in certain levels. Welfare State does not reject the existence of a capitalist market economy system but believes that there are elements in the public order that are more important than market objectives and can only be achieved by controlling and limiting the operation of such market mechanisms.Keywords: walfare state, country, economic systemKonsep Walfare State yang lahir di era abad ke-20 sebagai koreksi berkembangnya konsep negara sebagai penjaga malam, gejala kapitalisme perekonomian yang secara perlahan-lahan menyebabkan terjadinya kepincangan dalam pembagian sumber-sumber kemakmuran bersarma. Dalam konsep Walfare State, negara dituntut untuk memperluas tanggung jawabnya kepada masalah-masalah sosial ekonomi yang dihadapi rakyat. Fungsi negara juga meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan yang sebelumnya berada diluar jangkauan fungsi negara, seperti memperluas ketentuan pelayanan sosial kepada individu dan keluarga dalam hal-hal khusus, seperti social security, kesehatan.  Peran negara tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan Welfare State karena negara yang berperan dalam mengelola perekonomian yang yang di dalamnya mencakup tanggung jawab negara untuk menjamin ketersediaan pelayanan kesejahteraan dasar dalam tingkat tertentu. Welfare State tidak menolak keberadaan sistem ekonomi pasar kapitalis tetapi meyakini bahwa ada elemen-elemen dalam tatanan masyarakat yang lebih penting dari tujuan-tujuan pasar dan hanya dapat dicapai dengan mengendalikan dan membatasi bekerjanya mekanisme pasar tersebut. Kata Kunci: walfare state, negara,sistem ekonomi 

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Mike Allen ◽  
Lars Benjaminsen ◽  
Eoin O’Sullivan ◽  
Nicholas Pleace
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Administrative Culture ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State And Market ◽  
The Individual

Chapter 7 draws together some of the lessons that can be learned from the experiences of three small European countries in responding to homelessness. It is clear that responses to homelessness are embedded and enmeshed in the political and administrative culture of the individual countries, particularly the role of the state, both centrally and locally, in the provision of housing, welfare, and social services. Homelessness cannot be responded to as a separate issue from this broader context, and this is particularly the case in Finland and Ireland, where the roles of the state and market are understood very differently.

scholarly journals Marketing Development Strategies in the Medical Field

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Manana Maghradze ◽  
◽  
Ketevan Kutateladze ◽  
Ketevan Burduladze ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
State Subsidies

The reduction of state subsidies, the control of expenditures by insurance companies, the introduction of ethical standards in medicine by health care institutions have increased the demand for additional investment. One of the important factors for increasing the competitiveness of private medical institutions and the sustainability of its activities is the formation of a marketing complex. In order to popularize the services of medical institutions, the main tools of the marketing communication system are used: advertising, public relations and so-called Synthetic means. Medical marketing cannot be considered as just developing good services and delivering it to customers. Medical facilities should also establish close links with existing and future clients. Marketing activities should ensure the creation of new medical services and the development of existing medical services. It is important to increase the role of the state in regulating the medical market in order to promote healthy competition among suppliers and the unwavering improvement of the quality of medical services.

scholarly journals Die Gestaltung städtischer Abschließung im 21. Jahrhundert

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
L. Wacquant
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Black American ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Abstract. This paper draws on my books Urban Outcasts and Punishing the Poor, on the transformation of the forms and policy management of marginality in advanced society, to probe the use of space as a medium for social closure and control in the city. This first part sketches a framework for the (comparative) analysis of sociospatial seclusion, the process whereby particular social categories and activities are corralled and isolated in a reserved and restricted quadrant of physical and social space. The second part applies this schema to present a compressed analysis of the divergent trajectories of the black American ghetto and the French working-class borough in the post-Fordist age anchored by the three spatially inflected concepts of ghetto, hyperghetto and anti-ghetto. It concludes by stressing the role of the state in directing processes of seclusion at the top and at the bottom of the urban order, along a gradient from constraint to choice.

Crafting Citizens: Resettlement Agencies and Refugee Incorporation in the U. S.

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shay Cannedy
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Refugee Resettlement ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Role Of The State

Being a citizen means more than simply possessing proper legal documents. It also entails notions of belonging that are defined and cultivated in large part by the nation-state. As Aihwa Ong (2003) observes, citizenship is a ‘social process,’ which, in the context of the United States, is tied to wealth accumulation and self-reliance. The role of the state in this process is clearly visible in refugee resettlement, where newly arrived refugees come into contact with a host of social services designed to create citizens who are appropriately "American."

scholarly journals E hine, ngā whāea: Teen mothering in the gaze

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anna Adcock
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Role Of The State

<p>In Aotearoa New Zealand, teen pregnancy is associated with social disadvantage and being ‘Māori’. Research on teen motherhood typically focuses on ‘risks’ and ‘dangers’, such as lower educational attainment and welfare ‘dependency’. These images cast young Māori mothers as abnormal and deviant – as perpetually deficit. Hence, public (and public service) perceptions of these women are often negative. This study displaces the deficit lens, and explores the lived realities of fifteen young (teen) Māori mothers, and the perspectives of their whānau. The purpose of this research was to understand the life circumstances of young Māori mothers, to examine the role of the state in their lives, and to make suggestions for service improvements. It draws on data from the E Hine study (Women’s Health Research Centre, Otago University, Wellington). Young mothers participating in E Hine were interviewed three to seven times over a three-year period, with up to two whānau interviews conducted for each young woman. The data set for this thesis, comprising of fifteen young Māori mothers and their whānau, totalled eighty-four in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was thematic, and was informed by Foucault’s concepts of the medical and disciplinary gazes, and postcolonial notions of the colonial gaze. The research suggests that public health and social services, as well as public perceptions, seek to regulate these young women according to Eurocentric conceptions of normality; and in doing so, stigmatize and disengage them, thus creating barriers to positive outcomes. Despite this, these young mothers resist disempowerment, and hope for a better future for themselves and their whānau. Their stories are a testament to the fact that being young and Māori and mothering does not equate to failure. By treating young Māori mothers with respect and empathy, support services could be improved.</p>

Citizens, Issues, and Political Cleavages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Alignments ◽  
European Election ◽  
Election Studies

This chapter discusses the link between citizens’ positions on specific political issues and broader political cleavages that structure political competition. Issue opinions are primarily structured by two issue cleavages: economic and cultural. I argue that these broader issue cleavages are more likely to shape enduring political alignments and the party preferences of voters. The economic cleavage includes issues such as the role of the state, social services, and income inequality. The cultural cleavage has evolved from issues such as environmental protection, gender equality and European unification in the 1970s, to a wider set of issues involving immigration, LGBTQ rights, and social equality—and conservative reactions to these issues. Data from the European Election Studies (EES) in 1979, 2009, and 2014 track the evolution of both issue cleavages. The chapter conclusion considers the implications of this evolutionary process for political alignments in Europe.

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