Carbonic anhydrase genes network: Key role players in pH flux and abiotic stress tolerance

The persistent change in climatic conditions increasing the exiting stress conditions for plants resulting the internal fight to overcome stress challenges. Under normal condition CO2 fixed in cells enters either c3 or c4 cycle. Whereas, any imbalance/stress leads to the accumulation of carbonic acid and hydrogen peroxide; even, at extreme condition cyanide accumulation leads to cell death. Identification of interacting molecules by network analyses will help in translational research and network rewiring in developing adaptations to abiotic stress conditions. In this report, we tried to elucidate the existing carbonic anhydrase network of Glycine max and its relationship with abiotic stress condition.

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Citric Acid-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7235

Author(s):

Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽

Mst. Ishrat Zahan ◽

Md. Masudul Karim ◽

Shahin Imran ◽

Charles T. Hunter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Metabolic Networks ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Heavy Metal Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

Physiological Outcomes

Several recent studies have shown that citric acid/citrate (CA) can confer abiotic stress tolerance to plants. Exogenous CA application leads to improved growth and yield in crop plants under various abiotic stress conditions. Improved physiological outcomes are associated with higher photosynthetic rates, reduced reactive oxygen species, and better osmoregulation. Application of CA also induces antioxidant defense systems, promotes increased chlorophyll content, and affects secondary metabolism to limit plant growth restrictions under stress. In particular, CA has a major impact on relieving heavy metal stress by promoting precipitation, chelation, and sequestration of metal ions. This review summarizes the mechanisms that mediate CA-regulated changes in plants, primarily CA’s involvement in the control of physiological and molecular processes in plants under abiotic stress conditions. We also review genetic engineering strategies for CA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance. Finally, we propose a model to explain how CA’s position in complex metabolic networks involving the biosynthesis of phytohormones, amino acids, signaling molecules, and other secondary metabolites could explain some of its abiotic stress-ameliorating properties. This review summarizes our current understanding of CA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance and highlights areas where additional research is needed.

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Evaluation of barnyard millet diversity in central Himalayan region for environmental stress tolerance

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859617000545 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 155 (10) ◽

pp. 1497-1507 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. K. TRIVEDI ◽

L. ARYA ◽

S. K. VERMA ◽

R. K. TYAGI ◽

A. HEMANTARANJAN

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Himalayan Region ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Biochemical Traits ◽

Barnyard Millet

SUMMARYThe mountain ecosystem of the Central Himalayan Region is known for its diversity of crops and their wild relatives. In spite of adverse climatic conditions, this region is endowed with a rich diversity of millets. Hence, the aim of the present study was to explore, collect, conserve and evaluate the diversity of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) to find out the extent of diversity available in different traits and the traits responsible for abiotic stress tolerance, and to identify trait-specific accessions for crop improvement and also for the cultivation of millets in the region as well as in other similar agro-ecological regions. A total of 178 accessions were collected and evaluated for a range of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. Significant variability was noted in days to 50% flowering, days to 80% maturity, 1000 seed weight and yield potential of the germplasm. These traits are considered to be crucial for tailoring new varieties for different agro-climatic conditions. Variations in biochemical traits such as lipid peroxidation (0·552–7·421 nmol malondialdehyde formed/mg protein/h), total glutathione (105·270–423·630 mmol/g fresh weight) and total ascorbate (4·980–9·880 mmol/g fresh weight) content indicate the potential of collected germplasm for abiotic stress tolerance. Principal component analysis also indicated that yield, superoxide dismutase activity, plant height, days to 50% flowering, catalase activity and glutathione content are suitable traits for screening large populations of millet and selection of suitable germplasm for crop improvement and cultivation. Trait-specific accessions identified in the present study could be useful in crop improvement programmes, climate-resilient agriculture and improving food security in areas with limited resources.

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Wild and Traditional Barley Genomic Resources as a Tool for Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Biotic Relations

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11111102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1102

Author(s):

Giorgia Capasso ◽

Giorgia Santini ◽

Mariagioia Petraretti ◽

Sergio Esposito ◽

Simone Landi

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Innovative Strategies ◽

Sequencing Technologies ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Generation Sequencing

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main crops cultivated all over the world. As for other cereals, throughout the centuries barley was subjected by human breeding to genetic erosion phenomena, which guaranteed improved yields in organized (and then mechanized) agriculture; on the other hand, this selection weakened the ability of barley to survive under adverse environments. Currently, it is clear that climate change requires an urgent availability of crop varieties able to grow under stress conditions, namely limited irrigation, salinity, high temperatures, and other stresses. In this context, an important role could be played by wild relatives and landraces selected by farmers, particularly in specific field areas and/or climatic conditions. In this review, we investigated the origin of barley and the potentialities of wild varieties and landraces in different contexts, and their resilience to abiotic stress. The data obtained from Next Generation Sequencing technologies were examined to highlight the critical aspects of barley evolution and the most important features for abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, the potential of appropriate mycorrhiza is discussed under the view of the essential role played by these symbioses in field crops. The abilities of specific barley wild varieties and landraces may represent novel opportunities and suggest innovative strategies for the improvement of abiotic tolerance in crops and particularly in barley.

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Abiotic Stress and Red Clover: A Less Explored Area of Research

Advances in Research ◽

10.9734/air/2020/v21i630207 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Afsha Parween ◽

Vikas Singh ◽

Monika Bajpai

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Red Clover ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Centre Of Origin ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the main forage species from temperate regions and its centre of origin is located in southern Europe and southern Eurasia. Although red clover is Mediterranean in origin, it is a widely adapted species grown in many climatic conditions around the world. It is a perennial, medicinal herb from legume family and it grows best in calcium, phosphorus and potassium rich soils. This medicinal plant is in symbiotic association with bacteria present in its root nodules, thus the plant is capable of fixing the atmospheric nitrogen into the soil thereby increasing the quality of the soil. Red clover is typically used to treat a number of respiratory ailments such as asthma, bronchitis, and bronchitis, skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis, inflammatory conditions like arthritis, and to treat women's health problems especially in giving relief from menopausal symptoms. However, the response of Red Clover under abiotic stress conditions is a less explored area of research. The present review highlights the existing potential of Red clover in fighting abiotic stress conditions and also explains the need of developing resistant varieties of this plant to meet the future challenges.

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Interactions between plants and soil shaping the root microbiome under abiotic stress

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bcj20180615 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 476 (19) ◽

pp. 2705-2724 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kyle Hartman ◽

Susannah G. Tringe

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Future Research ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Root Microbiome

Abstract Plants growing in soil develop close associations with soil microorganisms, which inhabit the areas around, on, and inside their roots. These microbial communities and their associated genes — collectively termed the root microbiome — are diverse and have been shown to play an important role in conferring abiotic stress tolerance to their plant hosts. In light of growing concerns over the threat of water and nutrient stress facing terrestrial ecosystems, especially those used for agricultural production, increased emphasis has been placed on understanding how abiotic stress conditions influence the composition and functioning of the root microbiome and the ultimate consequences for plant health. However, the composition of the root microbiome under abiotic stress conditions will not only reflect shifts in the greater bulk soil microbial community from which plants recruit their root microbiome but also plant responses to abiotic stress, which include changes in root exudate profiles and morphology. Exploring the relative contributions of these direct and plant-mediated effects on the root microbiome has been the focus of many studies in recent years. Here, we review the impacts of abiotic stress affecting terrestrial ecosystems, specifically flooding, drought, and changes in nitrogen and phosphorus availability, on bulk soil microbial communities and plants that interact to ultimately shape the root microbiome. We conclude with a perspective outlining possible directions for future research needed to advance our understanding of the complex molecular and biochemical interactions between soil, plants, and microbes that ultimately determine the composition of the root microbiome under abiotic stress.

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of bZIP Transcription Factor from Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) Under Abiotic Stress Conditions

International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology ◽

10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i01.001 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Jenifer Lolita C

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Eleusine Coracana ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Cloning And Expression

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors comprise one of the largest gene families in plants. They play a key role in almost every aspect of plant growth and development and also in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we were attempted to study characterization of bZIP, a transcription factor from a climate smart cereal finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). Seeds of Eleusine coracana (finger millet) was purchase from local market and were grown under field conditions drought and salt stress conditions. In this study, EcbZIP gene was isolated from finger millet, cloned into DH5α cells, screened by using colony PCR and expression analysis in response to two abiotic stresses was carried out by using qRT PCR. EcbZIP coding DNA sequence and protein sequence were retrieved from NCBI Nucleotide Database and Genpept of Accession number KP033192.1 and AJP67539.1 and validated by using SMART (simple modular architecture tool) Domain Tool. Cloning and expression studies were carried out using standardized molecular biology protocol. Results depicted that EcbZIP transcription factor showed significant upregulation under both salt and drought stress conditions, indicating that it plays an important role in tolerance towards these stresses. In conclusion, expression analysis of bZIP gene from finger millet seed cultivar ML-365 showed 5-fold upregulation to salt stress to drought stress and 8-fold upregulation to salt stress. Hence, it can serve as a candidate gene for improving abiotic stress tolerance and can be helpful in enhancing the crop productivity under stress conditions.

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