Effect of E-cigarette in Harm Reduction among the Adolescents - A Protocol for a Systemic Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Pandey ◽  
Johurul Islam Jewel ◽  
Narayan Bahadur Mahotra ◽  
Ayuska Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND E-cigarettes present an opportunity to increase the tobacco cessation rates, and thereby suppress the largest cause of global death significantly. Though E-cigarettes are perceived as less harmful than conventional cigarettes still their effectiveness as a tobacco cessation tool, their difference with other prescribed tobacco cessation methods and their long term effects are yet to be synthesized precisely. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide evidence of existing literature in case of harm reduction by e-cigarettes among adolescent. METHODS To explore the available evidence on the effect of electronic cigarettes in harm reduction among the adolescents, we followed the Standard method of Cochrane for conducting a systematic review. Total 13 bibliographic and impact evaluation database will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy. RCTs and quasi experimental studies on e-cigarettes usability which has been published scientific journals will be included. Timeframe for searching relevant articles for the review were limited between January 2003 and June 2018. The intervention provided to the adult population (population aged 19 years and above), adolescents with pregnancy and adolescents having an other diseased condition will be excluded. Any trial, which is ongoing, published protocol of trials, traditional reviews and systematic reviews will be excluded. Letter to editor, editorial comments and conference proceedings were excluded as well. Articles published only in English language will be included. RESULTS Narrative synthesis of included articles will be provided, including the quality assessment using standard tools. Pooled estimation will be provided regarding harm reduction and smoking cessation where applicable. CONCLUSIONS Not applicable CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO registration of the systematic review is CRD42018106691

scholarly journals Complementary and Alternative Medicine: The Mozart Effect on Childhood Epilepsy—A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana E. Brackney ◽  
Jessica L. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mozart Effect ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This systematic review examines the effectiveness of Mozart’s music in decreasing seizures in children with epilepsy (Mozart Effect) using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice rating scale©. A search for articles with “Mozart Effect,” “child*,” and “epilepsy” was conducted in CINAHL Complete, Science Direct, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. Eight studies were selected based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria after removal of duplicates ( n = 17) and others ( n = 46). Studies included were English language, peer reviewed, published between April 2010 and February 2017, and available in full text with an abstract. Quasi-experimental studies demonstrate that the Mozart Effect May reduce epileptiform discharges or seizures in children and has potential as an adjunct to medical management of seizure activity or alone when medication or surgery is not accepted. A causal relationship between the music of Mozart and decreased seizure activity has yet to be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Between Level Up and Game Over: A Systematic Literature Review of Gamification in Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Manzano-León ◽  
Pablo Camacho-Lazarraga ◽  
Miguel A. Guerrero ◽  
Laura Guerrero-Puerta ◽  
José M. Aguilar-Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Current Lines ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Game Elements ◽  
The Impact

Educational gamification consists of the use of game elements and game design techniques in the educational context. The objective of this study is to examine the existing evidence on the impact of educational gamification on student motivation and academic performance in the last five years in order to analyze its distribution over time, educational level, variables, and most used game elements, and know the advantages of its implementation in the classroom. For this, a systematic review is proposed through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology in three multidisciplinary databases, through an exhaustive search with inclusion and exclusion criteria on quantitative experimental studies that explore gamification in educational centers, which provide information about the most current lines of research. Fourteen studies were included in this review. These used experimental or quasi-experimental designs. Most of them report gamification as a valid learning strategy. The results support the conclusion that educational gamification has a potential impact on the academic performance, commitment, and motivation of students. Therefore, this study implies the need to expand research on the needs and challenges of students when learning with gamified techniques.

Evaluating Intensive Family Preservation Programs: A Methodological Review

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-542
Author(s):  
Amy M. Heneghan ◽  
Sarah M. Horwitz ◽  
John M. Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Family Preservation ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Family Preservation Program

Objectives. To determine the adequacy of evaluations of family preservation services (FPS), which are designed to support families and prevent out-of-home placements of children at risk of abuse or neglect, and to assess the effectiveness of FPS at reducing out-of-home placements of children. Data Sources. References published from 1977 to 1993 were identified from a computerized search of databases for English-language publications using the key phrases "family preservation," "child abuse," and "family-based services." Unpublished references were identified by mail or phone from a listing of more than 200 programs in a national directory. Selection of Studies. Of 802 references initially identified, 46 program evaluations were reviewed. Ten studies met the following inclusion criteria: (1) evaluated an intensive family preservation program, (2) included outcome data in the report, and (3) used a comparison group. Five were randomized trials, and 5 were quasi-experimental studies (nonrandomized). Data Extraction. Descriptive information about the programs and evaluations was collected. To determine methodological quality, two independent raters used a 15- item questionnaire to examine the assignment of families to treatment groups, the interventions provided, and the outcomes assessed. A composite score of 11 or greater represented an acceptable study, 6 to 10 represented an adequate study, and 5 or less represented an unacceptable study. Results. Only two studies were rated acceptable, four were adequate, and four were unacceptable. Methodological shortcomings included poorly defined assessment of risk, inadequate descriptions of the interventions provided, and nonblinded determination of the outcomes. Rates of out-of-home placements were 21% to 59% among families who received FPS and 20% to 59% among comparison families. The relative risk of placement was significantly reduced by FPS in only two studies (one randomized trial and one quasi-experimental study). Conclusions. Despite current widespread use of FPS to prevent out-of-home placements of children, evaluations of FPS are methodologically difficult and show no benefit in reducing rates of out-of-home placements of children at risk of abuse or neglect in 8 of 10 studies. Consistent, methodologically rigorous evaluations are needed to determine the effectiveness of FPS and to guide social policy for high-risk children and their families.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Digital Interventions for Psychological Well-Being in the Workplace: A Systematic Review Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Armaou ◽  
Stathis Konstantinidis ◽  
Holly Blake
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Mental Well Being

Objective: Psychological well-being has been associated with desirable individual and organisational outcomes. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of digital interventions for the improvement of psychological well-being and/or the prevention/management of poor mental well-being in the workplace. Methods: This review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019142428). Scientific databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and EMBASE will be searched for relevant studies published between January 1990 and July 2019. Studies will be included if they report specific primary and secondary outcomes of digital interventions delivered to adults in the workplace for the improvement of their psychological wellbeing and/or the prevention/management of poor mental well-being and were published in English. Following screening of titles and abstracts, full texts of potentially eligible papers will be screened in duplicate to identify studies that assess the effectiveness of those digital interventions. Discrepancies will be resolved through consensus or by consulting a third reviewer. An integrated narrative synthesis will assess included studies’ findings, and a meta-analysis will be performed if included studies appear to be homogeneous. The “Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias” tool and the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies will be used to appraise included studies. Conclusion: The results of this work will provide recommendations on the use of digital interventions for the promotion of psychological well-being at work. It will also guide the development of future workplace digital interventions and subsequent primary research in this field.

The Use of the Major Components of Social Marketing

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ra’d Almestahiri ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele ◽  
Joy Parkinson ◽  
Denni Arli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Dominant Focus ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Marketing Principles

This study provides a qualitative systematic review of social marketing tobacco cessation programs identify the extent to which seven major components of social marketing are used in social marketing programs targeting tobacco cessation and to classify them according to social marketing stream: downstream midstream or upstream. Sixteen databases were examined to identify studies reporting the use of social marketing to address cigarette smoking cessation. Fourteen empirical studies were classified. Only one of 14 interventions used all seven of the major components of social marketing. The review identified that downstream ( n = 11) interventions remain the dominant focus in social marketing interventions targeting tobacco, despite calls for social marketers to move upstream during this time. The current review was restricted to studies that self-identified as social marketing and studies published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language which is limiting. This study included all empirical studies published from 2002 to January, 2016; however only using published studies may bias results. The results indicate that social marketing interventions targeting tobacco cessation can be successful even when some of seven distinguishing and mutually exclusive features of social marketing are applied. This article presents the first attempt to review the extent that social marketing principles are used in interventions targeting tobacco intake cessation and to classify social marketing interventions into social marketing streams.

scholarly journals Influence of Parental Mindful Eating Practices on Child Emotional Eating: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 396-396
Author(s):  
Caroline Brantley ◽  
Linda Knol ◽  
Joy Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
English Language ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Mindful Eating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Practices

Abstract Objectives Parents and caregivers shape the social and environmental factors that influence a child's intake and eating behaviors. Parental feeding practices may lead to recurring emotional eating in the child. Mindful eating practices may decrease emotional eating behaviors in adults and adolescents. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of parental mindful eating on emotional eating behaviors of their children and adolescents. A second purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether parental or child participation in a mindful eating intervention improves emotional eating among children. Methods This review (PROSPERO 168,265) was conducted utilizing EBSCOhost to search five databases. The search was limited to full-text, peer-reviewed studies in the English language from 2014–2020. Studies included must have evaluated parental mindful eating and child emotion- or stress-related eating. Studies were excluded if parents were not involved and mindful eating/feeding/or parenting and child emotional eating were not measured. Authors used standard Cochrane methodological procedures. The process identified seven studies. Results Among the four cross-sectional studies, parental mindful eating/feeding/parenting skills were either directly or indirectly related to decreased emotional eating in the child or adolescent. However, the effect was unclear among the experimental studies. Most of these studies were pilot feasibility studies. Measures of mindful and emotional eating differed across studies. Conclusions Parental mindful eating may improve emotional eating behaviors among children and adolescents. Randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate parent mindful eating interventions on child and adolescent eating behaviors. Future trials need to use similar validated measures to ensure consistent quality data collection and allow for comparison of findings across studies. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals CUPPING THERAPY: A PRUDENT APPROACH IN PAIN MANAGEMENT-A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Hafiza Javeria ◽  
Yusra Obaid ◽  
Ismail Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Cupping Therapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cupping Therapy is an ancient form of alternative medicine for treating variety of musculoskeletal disorders. Number of studies indicated the efficacy of various cupping methods in decreasing neck or back pain intensity within short duration and improves quality of life. DATABASES AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA The experimental studies were searched on the electronic databases including Google Scholar, PEDro, PubMed and Cochrane Library from June 2015 to December 2019. It was ensured that all articles were full-text in English language whereas screening was executed on relevant titles and abstracts, evaluated on the basis of cupping therapy and its effects on musculoskeletal pain. RESULTS A total of eight out of ten experimental studies showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in spinal pain in result of cupping therapy except for the two studies that demonstrated no significant pre-post group differences (p>0.05).

scholarly journals Interventions to improve infant and young child feeding practices in Ethiopia: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e048700
Author(s):  
Kedir Y. Ahmed ◽  
Kingsley Emwinyore Agho ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Amit Arora ◽  
Felix Akpojene Ogbo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Quasi Experimental

ObjectiveIn Ethiopia, despite the implementation of several interventions to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, no published studies have highlighted the most effective IYCF interventions in the country. This systematic review investigated the impacts of various interventions on IYCF in Ethiopia.Source of informationA systematic search was conducted on seven computerised bibliographic databases (Embase, ProQuest Central, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed and CINAHL) to locate experimental or quasi-experimental studies published between the year 2000 and May 2021.Study eligibility criteriaInterventional studies that measured IYCF indicators (early initiation of breast feeding (EIBF), exclusive breast feeding (EBF), the introduction of complementary foods, minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF) and minimum acceptable diet) as outcome variables were included.Study appraisal and synthesisAll included studies were examined for biases related to interventional studies (ie, selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, detection bias and reporting bias). Author reports of effect size measures were used to narratively report the findings of each study.ResultsOf the 23 eligible studies, 14 studies were quasi-experimental and 9 studies were cluster randomised trials (CRTs). Eight quasi-experimental studies had a serious risk of bias, while two CRTs had a high risk of bias. Four studies for EBF and six studies for EIBF showed significant impacts of policy advocacy, health service strengthening, interpersonal communication, community mobilisation and mass media campaigns. Six studies for MDD and three studies for MMF indicated significant effects of community-level and health facility complementary feeding promotions on infants and young children. Interventions that delivered in combination increased the impacts in improving EIBF, MDD and MMF compared with a single intervention.ConclusionOur review showed that 12 out of 21 eligible studies that implemented in the form of community-level and health facility interventions improved EIBF, EBF, and/or MDD in Ethiopia.Protocol registration numberPROSPERO, CRD42020155519.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Safety of Aromatherapy in Managing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-297
Author(s):  
Becky Siu Yin Li ◽  
Carmen Wing Han Chan ◽  
Minjie Li ◽  
Irene Kit Yee Wong ◽  
Yvonne Hoi Un Yu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Adherence Monitoring ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is the most prominent and distressing manifestation for older persons with dementia (PWD) and caregivers. Aromatherapy has demonstrated its effectiveness in managing BPSD in various studies. However, previous studies and systematic reviews have obtained inconsistent findings, and a review of qualitative studies is yet to be conducted. <b><i>Method:</i></b> A mixed-methods systematic review with a convergent segregated approach was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy in improving the BPSD and quality of life (QoL) of PWD and in relieving the distress and burden of caregivers, as well as its safety for PWD. Both published and unpublished quantitative and qualitative studies written in English and Chinese between January 1996 and December 2020 were retrieved from 28 databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, based on the prespecified criteria. The methodological quality was assessed by using critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Quantitative synthesis, qualitative synthesis, and integration of quantitative and qualitative evidence were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 12 randomized controlled trials, 10 quasi-experimental studies, and 2 qualitative studies were included in the review. Some inconsistent findings regarding the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing the severity of BPSD were observed. Some studies reported that aromatherapy significantly improved the QoL of PWD and relieved the distress and burden of caregivers, promoted a positive experience among caregivers, and had very low adverse effects on PWD (with aromatherapy inhalation reporting no adverse effects). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Aromatherapy, especially in the inhalation approach, could be a potentially safe and effective strategy for managing BPSD. However, more structuralized and comparable studies with sufficient sample size, adherence monitoring, and sound theoretical basis could be conducted to obtain conclusive findings.

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