Caregiver Awareness, Adherence, and Motivations Related to the AAP Screen Time Recommendations for Infants: A Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND With the increasing integration of technology into society, it is advisable that researchers explore the effects of repeated digital media exposure on our most vulnerable population—infants. Excessive screen time during early childhood has been linked to delays in language, literacy, and self-regulation. OBJECTIVE This study explored awareness of and adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendations related to avoiding screen time for children under the age of two, as well as the motivational factors associated with screen time exposure. METHODS A mixed-methods survey design was used to gather responses from 178 mothers of children under the age of two. Measures included child screen time use and duration, maternal awareness of screen-time use recommendations, and motivations related to screen-time exposure. A variety of statistical procedures were employed to explore associations between caregiver awareness and adherence to AAP guidelines for screen time exposure, motivations related to screen time for children, and child screen time exposure. RESULTS Results indicated that 62.2% of mothers were aware of the AAP screen time recommendations, but only 46% could cite it accurately, while most learned of it online or from a medical professional. Mothers who were aware of the guideline allowed significantly less screen time for infants than those who were unaware (p = .03). Also, parents who adhered to the AAP guidelines reported significantly less infant screen time per day than those who did not adhere (p <. 001). Among mothers who report not adhering to the guidelines, the greatest motivation for allowing screen time was perceived educational benefits. Less educated mothers rated a child’s relaxation as a motivational factor in allowing screen time significantly higher than more highly educated mothers (p = .048). Regression analysis indicated that no parent motivational factors predicted daily infant screen time. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate two key approaches to improve adherence to screen time recommendations. First, awareness of the AAP recommendations needs to be increased, which tends to improve adherence; and second, the myth that screen time can be educational for infants needs to be dispelled. CLINICALTRIAL None.

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Screen Time Exposure and Severity of Autism

International Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities ◽

10.29011/2642-3227.000031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Keyword(s):

Screen Time ◽

Time Exposure

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Investigating the Availability, Accessibility and use of E-Learning Resources by Undergraduate Students in University of Ilorin, Kwara State

International Journal of Knowledge Management and Practices ◽

10.21863/ijkmp/2015.3.1.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluyinka Titilope Afolayan

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Survey Design ◽

Virtual Classroom ◽

Learning Resources ◽

Learning Tools ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

Educational Benefits ◽

E Learning ◽

Main Instrument ◽

Effective Use

The availability and use of e-learning resources in the acquisition and transfer of knowledge have been observed as a steering agent that facilitates the realization of major educational benefits in a developing economy. This study investigated the availability, accessibility, and use of e-learning tools by undergraduate students in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, including the challenges limiting the full exploitation of e-learning resources for optimal usage and efficient e-service delivery. The methodology adopted for this research was purely survey design using the questionnaire approach as the main instrument for data collection. From the findings, limited availability, accessibility and usage of e-learning resources by the undergraduate students were revealed. The findings further showed that the major challenges hindering the effective use of e-learning resources amongst University of Ilorin students include lack of sophisticated e-learning resources such as teleconferencing, video conferencing, virtual classroom among others and high cost in the procurement of facilities that support e-learning. Based on these findings, recommendations are made towards addressing the challenges encountered by students in the utilization of e-learning resources in higher institutions of learning.

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Screen time use and sleep in children: are there differences among social classes?

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2019.12.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Àurea Cartanyà-Hueso ◽

Cristina Lidón-Moyano ◽

Adrián González-Marrón ◽

Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez ◽

Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Screen Time ◽

Social Classes

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School's out: Parenting stress and screen time use in school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Journal of Affective Disorders Reports ◽

10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 100217

Author(s):

Diane Seguin ◽

Elizabeth Kuenzel ◽

J Bruce Morton ◽

Emma G Duerden

Keyword(s):

Parenting Stress ◽

Time Use ◽

Screen Time ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age

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What Do Preschool Teachers and Parents Think about the Influence of Screen-Time Exposure on Children’s Development? Challenges and Opportunities

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci12010052 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Rita Monteiro ◽

Sandra Fernandes ◽

Nuno Rocha

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Screen Time ◽

Preschool Teachers ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Time Exposure ◽

Teachers And Parents ◽

Children's Development ◽

Children’S Development ◽

At Home

Children’s exposure to screens has been increasing in recent years and so has the concern about its impact on children’s development. This study aims to analyze preschool teachers’ and parents’ views on the influence of screen-time exposure on children’s development. Semi-structured interviews with preschool teachers (n = 9), as well as data from a previous quantitative study, based on an online questionnaire applied to parents of children in preschool (n = 266) were used for data collection. For this study, eminently of qualitative nature, the following dimensions were analyzed: children’s habits of exposure to screens at home, changes in children’s play habits at school, strategies/methodologies used by preschool teachers, use of technologies at school and children’s language development. The results from the study with parents show that screen-time exposure of children is between 1 h to 2 h of television per day, mostly to watch cartoons. Parents also report that most of the children use vocabulary in other languages at home. Most preschool teachers agreed that children are changing their play habits and mainly their behaviors and attitudes, influenced by screen-time exposure. They believe that language development is also changing, mentioning more language problems in children. Changes in pedagogic strategies and specialized training on educational technology are needed to get closer to children’s interests.

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Cross-sectional study on prevalence and consequences of screen time on physical and mental health in children in the era of COVID-19

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v13i1.40578 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Neha Thakur (Rai) ◽

Arvind Kumar Singh ◽

Narendra Rai ◽

Devesh Kumar Shukla

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Screen Time ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Background: With the ongoing growth and expansion of digital media and COVID-19 pandemic, children are inclining more and more toward spending time on digital media as compared to outdoor sports, leading to poor physical and mental growth. Developed nations have already set up a screen time guideline which is yet to be established in developing nations. This study was conducted with the objectives of identifying the needs of screen time guidelines and to study the impact of screen time on mental and physical health in children. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to check the screen time in children aged 2–18 and find the health consequences both physical and psychological in those children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on children aged 2–18 years was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Parents were asked to fill a pre-structured questionnaire. Impact on health physical and mental were assessed by pediatrician and psychologist. Results: A total of 155 children were enrolled in the study. Mean child hours in children aged 2–5 years, 5–10 years, and 10–18 years were 4 h, 5.83 h, and 6.29 h on week days and 5.64 h, 5.76 h, and 7.69 h on weekends, respectively. More than one-third of children had age of onset of screen time below 2 years of age. About 70% of children had malnutrition. Only 18% of parents were aware of concept of screen free days. Screen time had negative impact on health (P=0.0001) and on behavior of child (P=0.001). Average increase in screen time during COVID-19 was nearly 3 times the pre-COVID era. Conclusion: This study has paved the way for the need of larger study and development of guidelines on impact of screen time on children in developing nations where screen time guidelines is yet to be set more so in era of COVID 19 pandemic.

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Association of High Screen-Time Use With School-age Cognitive, Executive Function, and Behavior Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Children

JAMA Pediatrics ◽

10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2041 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Betty R. Vohr ◽

Elisabeth C. McGowan ◽

Carla Bann ◽

Abhik Das ◽

Rosemary Higgins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Time Use ◽

Screen Time ◽

School Age ◽

Preterm Children ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Behavior Outcomes ◽

And Behavior Outcomes ◽

And Behavior

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Screen time-based sedentary behaviour, eating regulation and weight status of university students during the COVID-19 lockdown

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-05-2021-0156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Seok Tyug Tan ◽

Seok Shin Tan ◽

Chin Xuan Tan

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

University Students ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Screen Time ◽

Weight Status ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Body Height ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Private University ◽

Content Type

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationships among screen time-based sedentary behaviour, eating self-regulatory skills and weight status among private university students during the Movement Control Order (MCO). Design/methodology/approach A total of 186 private university students was enrolled in this cross-sectional study using a combination of snowball and purposive sampling approaches. Anthropometric measurements, including body height, body weight before and during the MCO enforcement were self-reported by the respondents. Screen-time based sedentary behaviour sedentary behaviour was evaluated using HELENA sedentary behaviour questionnaire, whereas the Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (SREBQ) was used to determine the eating self-regulatory skills in MCO. Findings Respondents spent most of the time on the internet for non-study purposes (148 ± 77.7 min). It is also noted that 64.5% of the respondents had medium eating self-regulatory skill during the MCO, with an average score of 3.0 ± 0.5. Findings from path analysis confirmed that poor eating self-regulation significantly contributed to the weight gain during home confinement (ß = −0.24, p = 0.01). In conclusion, eating self-regulation, but not total screen time, emerged as the determinant for weight gain during the COVID-19 lockdown. Originality/value According to the authors’ knowledge, this study was among the few that investigated sedentary behaviour, eating self-regulatory skills and weight status of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Self-Regulation

Mood Prep 101 ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190914301.003.0006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 79-96

Author(s):

Carol Landau

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

High School ◽

Screen Time ◽

Fast Food ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Relative Lack ◽

High Sugar ◽

Body Positive ◽

Optimal Health

This chapter, on self-regulation, covers student sleep issues, nutrition, and physical activity. Most students in both high school and college are sleep deprived, and this can be a major disruptor of mood. Stress, school schedules, and too much screen time have disrupted sleep. The typical American diet with fast food, high sugar, fat, and additives has been a factor implicated in the development of depression. Americans get much less physical activity than is recommended for optimal health. This is unfortunate, because physical activity both helps prevent and has been shown to be a treatment for mild and moderate depression. Teaching and modeling self-regulation will help students as they go away to college. The relative lack of structure in college requires greater independence. Female body dissatisfaction, which can lead to self-criticism and distorted eating patterns, is identified as a major force of dysregulation, and suggestions are made for promoting body-positive attitude and behaviors.

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