How different levels of virtual reality influence Anxiety, Behavior and Oral Health Status in preschool children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Aslaminabadi ◽  
Ozra Golsanamlou ◽  
Zohreh Halimi ◽  
Zahra Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anxiety Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Levels

BACKGROUND Compared with traditional behavior management strategy and oral health training, virtual reality (VR) integrated with multisensory feedback possesses potentials advantages in dentistry. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the impact of different levels of VR on anxiety, behavior and oral health status. METHODS Sixty healthy children aged 4-6 years were randomly assigned into four groups, each consisting of 15 children. The study consisted of 2 consecutive sessions. During the first visit, plaque index was calculated and oral health education was carried out in all groups using Immersive VR (group I), Semi-immersive VR (group II), Non-immersive VR (group III) and Tell-Show-Do (group IV). In the second session, an amalgam restoration was performed in all groups. Subject’s anxiety and behavior was recorded using MCDAS (f) Questionnaire and Frankl Scale. Plaque index recorded in two follow-up sessions. RESULTS The most prevalence of positive behavior (P=0.004) and the lowest anxiety (p<0.001) was recorded in group I, followed by group II, group III and group IV. The plaque index scores showed a reduced trend (P<0.001), but the values did not differ significantly between the four groups (P=0.205). CONCLUSIONS This study offers evidence on the beneficial impact of different levels of VR meditation on anxiety and behavior. CLINICALTRIAL IR.TBZMED.REC.1400.292

scholarly journals The effect of different levels of organic selenium on broiler slaughter traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zivan Jokic ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
S. Mitrovic ◽  
V. Djermanovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Breast Mass ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Group I ◽  
Average Share ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selenized Yeast

The effect of different levels of organic selenium (selenized yeast) on slaughter meat traits of fattening chickens (broilers) was investigated. Trial was carried out on 120 Hybro-PN chickens divided into four groups, in duration of six weeks. All groups of chickens were fed complete mixtures, and selenium was added to the food in the form of selenized yeast in the amount of 0 (I ); 0,3 (II); 0,6 (III) or 0,9mg/kg (IV-group). The highest average values of carcass yield 'conventional processing', 'ready to roast' and 'ready to grill' were recorded in chickens of group III (2059,6, 1851,97 and 1756,45g), with addition of 0,6mg Se/kg, followed by chickens of group II (2048,17, 1841,36 and 1748,57g) and group IV (1957,46, 1764,22 and 1676,05g) with 0,3 and 0,9mg/kg of added selenium, respectively, whereas the lowest values (1835,21, 1660,87 and 1572,61g) were established in chickens of group I without addition of this micro element. Average values of slaughter yields 'conventional processing', 'ready to roast' and 'ready to grill' were approximately the same in chickens of all investigated groups, and established differences showed no statistical significance (P > 0,05). The lowest breast mass was in I group (573,55g), and the highest in group III (657g). Chickens of groups II and IV (with 0,3 and 0,9mg Se/kg of feed) realized breast mass of 627,90 and 633,12g. Compared to group I, average breast mass of chickens in groups III and IV was considerably higher (P < 0,05 and P < 0,01). Share of breast in the mass of processed carcass was the highest in groups III and IV (37,40 and 37,86%), and the lowest in group II (36,0%). In chickens of group I the stated value was 36,47%. Average share of thighs in the mass of processed carcass was approximately the same in all investigated groups. The highest value (14,4%) was established in chickens of group II, and the lowest (13,98%), in chickens of III investigation group. Chickens fed organic selenium in diet (0,3, 0,6 and 0,9mg/kg) had by 3,80, 3,74 and 3,18% higher share of drumsticks in the mass of processed carcass compared to group I. .

Efficacy of Tactile-guided Reversal from Cisatracurium-induced Neuromuscular Block

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kirkegaard ◽  
Tom Heier ◽  
James E. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Block ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Train Of Four ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Tactile Response ◽  
Residual Block ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Different Levels

Background Because tactile evaluation is the most common form of clinical neuromuscular monitoring, this study examines the relative efficacy of antagonizing residual block at different levels of recovery of the tactile train-of-four (TOF) response. Methods Anesthesia was induced in 64 adults with 2-5 microg/kg fentanyl and 1-3 mg/kg propofol and maintained with fentanyl, propofol, and nitrous oxide. The tactile response of the adductor pollicis to TOF stimulation was evaluated at one arm, and the mechanomyographic response was recorded at the other. Patients received 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium and were randomized to receive 0.07 mg/kg neostigmine on reappearance of the first (group I), second (group II), third (group III), or fourth (group IV) tactile TOF response (16 patients per group). Times from administration of neostigmine until the TOF ratio recovered to 0.7 (R0.7), 0.8 (R0.8), and 0.9 (R0.9) were measured. Results Data are presented as median with range in parentheses. R0.7 was 10.3 (5.9-23.4), 7.6 (3.2-14.1), 5.0 (2.0-18.4), and 4.1 (2.4-11.0) min in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively (P &lt; 0.05, group I &gt; II, III, and IV, group II &gt; IV). R0.8 was 16.6 (8.9-30.7), 9.8 (5.3-25.0), 8.3 (3.8-27.1), and 7.5 (3.0-74.5) min in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively (P &lt; 0.05, group I &gt; II, III, and IV, group II &gt; IV). R0.9 was 22.2 (13.9-44.0), 20.2 (6.5-70.5), 17.1 (8.3-46.2), and 16.5 (6.5-143.3) min in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively (no intergroup differences). Ten minutes after neostigmine, a TOF ratio of 0.7 or greater was achieved in 50, 75, 88, and 93% of patients in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively (P &lt; 0.05 group I &gt; II, III, and IV). At 30 min, a TOF ratio of 0.9 or less was observed in 21, 13, 13, and 7% of patients in groups I, II, III, and IV respectively (no intergroup differences). Conclusions To achieve rapid (within 10 min) reversal to a TOF ratio of 0.7 in more than 87% of patients, three or four tactile responses should be present at the time of neostigmine administration. It was not possible within 30 min to achieve a TOF ratio of 0.9 in all patients, regardless of the number of tactile responses present at neostigmine administration.

Analysis of surface conditioning methods on core-veneer bond strength of CAD/CAM zirconia restorations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anip K. Roy ◽  
Govind N. Prasad ◽  
Tushar V. Bhagat ◽  
Saurabh Chaturvedi ◽  
Vishwanath Gurumurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND: The increased strength of zirconia has resulted in its widespread application in clinical dentistry. Nevertheless, the fracture of veneering porcelains remains one of the key reasons of failure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the influence of surface conditioning methods on the core-veneer bond strength of zirconia restorations. METHODS: Thirty specimens of zirconia core with sizes 10 × 5 × 5 mm were layered with porcelain of sizes 5 × 3 × 3 mm. On the basis of different surface conditioning methods, four groups were made: Group I: abrasion with airborne alumina particles of 110 μm size, Group II: sandblasting with silica coated alumina particles of 50 μm in size, Group III (modified group): alteration with a coating of zirconia powder prior to sintering, and Group IV (control group): metal core specimens. The shear force of all specimens was tested using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc pair wise comparison (p= 0.05) were performed to analyze the shear bond strength. A scanning electron microscope was used to assess the fractured specimens. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups. The mean value of shear bond strength was 40.25 MPa for Group I, 41.93 MPa for Group II, 48.08 MPa for Group III and 47.01 MPa for Group IV. CONCLUSIONS: The modified zirconia group and control group demonstrated a significantly higher mean bond strength than that of Group I, where airborne particle abrasion was used. The scanning electron microscope showed that cohesive fracture in the porcelain veneers was the main problem of failure in altered zirconia. The modified zirconia specimens in Group III demonstrated significantly improved values of shear bond strength.

scholarly journals Effect and mechanisms of reproductive tract infection on oxidative stress parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation, and semen quality in infertile males

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Sheng Liu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Mao ◽  
Feng Pan ◽  
Rui Fang An
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Elastase Level

AbstractRecent years have seen a rising incidence of male infertility, mostly caused by the decline of sperm quality. The ratio of infertile males to infertile females has escalated from 3:7 in 2013 to current 5:5, which turns male infertility into the research focus of reproductive medicine. This study aimed to clarify the effect of reproductive tract infection by ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and chlamydia trachomatis (CT) on the DNA integrity and routine semen parameters of infertile males. A retrospective study was performed. A total of 259 infertile males who were treated at the Andrological Laboratory Examination and Reproductive Medicine Center in our hospital were analyzed. qRT-PCR was used to examine the infection status of CT and UU. According to the eligibility criteria, we evaluated the semen parameters and biochemical data of 253 men. Based on the results of PCR, the subjects were divided into four groups: Group I (CT positive, 63 cases), Group II (UU positive, 60 cases), Group III (CT positive and UU positive, 62 cases), and Group IV (no infection, 68 cases). DNA fragmentation index (DFI), sperm count, vitality and morphology, elastase level, seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed. Compared to Group IV, three groups (Group I, Group II and Group III) showed difference in semen volume, proportion of sperm with normal morphology, sperm motility, progressive motility, and vitality (P < 0.05). Compared to Group IV, Group II and Group III showed difference in DFI (P < 0.05). Compared to Group IV, Group II and Group III showed difference in elastase level (P < 0.05). VCL, VSL, VAP, WOB, ROS, TM, HDS showed differences between groups of abnormal/normal WBC (*P < 0.01).UU infection significantly increased the level of seminal leukocytes only in Group II, but not in the other three groups, indicating that UU is a factor to increase the level of seminal leukocytes. Compared with the normal leukocyte group, there were significant differences in total motility, forward motility and normal sperm ratio between the two groups. The proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (mostly in the head) showed obvious difference between groups of high and normal seminal leukocytic levels. At the same time, in this study, SCGE and SCD verified that leukocytes could damage sperm DNA by increasing ROS, which ultimately affects male fertility.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

Effect of amino acid infusion on renal hemodynamics in humans: a dose-response study

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. F703-F708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giordano ◽  
P. Castellino ◽  
E. L. McConnell ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Group Ii

We evaluated the dose-response relationship between the plasma amino acid (AA) concentration and renal hemodynamics in eight normal subjects. After an overnight fast, a balanced 10% AA solution was infused for 180 min at five separate infusion rates: 0.5 (group I), 1.0 (group II), 2.0 (group III), 4.0 (group IV), and 6.0 (group V) ml.kg-1.min-1 on separate days. Basal plasma AA concentration was 1.87 +/- 0.1 mmol/l and increased to 2.26 +/- 0.1 (group I), 2.66 +/- 0.2 (group II), 3.79 +/- 0.5 (group III), 5.81 +/- 0.4 (group IV), and 7.41 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (group V). Basal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) averaged 95 +/- 4 and 476 +/- 29 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1, respectively, and rose to 98 +/- 5 and 506 +/- 40 (group I) [P = not significant (NS)], 102 +/- 3 and 533 +/- 30 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 110 +/- 4 and 567 +/- 29 (group III), 115 +/- 7 and 610 +/- 55 (group IV), and 117 +/- 7 and 614 +/- 66 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1 (group V) (P = NS vs. group IV). Basal plasma glucagon concentration averaged 68 +/- 10 pg/ml and increased to 74 +/- 10 (group I), 83 +/- 11 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 100 +/- 14 (group III), 121 +/- 14 (group IV), and 229 +/- 35 pg/ml (group V) (P < 0.01 vs. basal). Increases in plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin levels were observed only during groups IV and V.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Validation of tonometric measurement of gut intramural pH during endotoxemia and mesenteric occlusion in pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. G519-G523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Antonsson ◽  
C. C. Boyle ◽  
K. L. Kruithoff ◽  
H. L. Wang ◽  
E. Sacristan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Tissue Pco2 ◽  
Tissue Acidosis ◽  
The Individual

Tonometry is a minimally invasive method for estimating gastrointestinal intramural pH (pHi). Tissue pH is calculated by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and measurements of arterial [HCO-3] and CO2 tension (PCO3) of saline contained in a Silastic balloon within the lumen of the gut. The validity of the method rests on two key assumptions: 1) PCO2 in saline in the tonometer balloon is similar to tissue PCO2 and 2) tissue and arterial [HCO-3] are similar. To validate this method, ileal pHi measured directly with a microelectrode was compared with pHi estimated tonometrically in four groups of anesthetized pigs. Group I (n = 4) were controls. In group II (n = 4), intestinal tissue acidosis was induced by total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). In group III (n = 5), acidosis was induced by partial occlusion of the SMA. In group IV (n = 4), tissue acidosis was induced by endotoxemia. Agreement was excellent between direct and tonometric measurements in groups I and IV and less good in groups II and III. Weighted mean correlation coefficients (rw) for the two measurement methods were 0.743 and 0.9447 in groups II and IV, respectively. Correlation coefficients for the individual animals in group III were more variable than the other groups and ranged from 0.547 to 0.990. The tonometric method for measuring GI pHi is invalid under conditions of zero flow and leads to error under conditions of low flow. However, the method is reliable in the setting of tissue acidosis induced by endotoxemia.

scholarly journals Effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan on oxidative stress indices in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Ranganathan V ◽  
◽  
Malik JK ◽  
Rao GS ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

The effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan were evaluated on oxidative stress parameters in male wistar rats. Group I served as untreated control whereas Group II received drinking water containing lead as lead acetate @1000 ppm (Pb1000). Group III was exposed to feed containing technical grade endosulfan @ 100 ppm (E100). Group IV was exposed to Pb (1000) +E (100). All the treatments were given daily for 28 days. Combination of lead and endosulfan modified the indices of oxidative stress in the parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in rats as compared to their individual compounds. The results suggest that the combination of these individual compounds may have the potential to modify oxidative stress produced by single compounds in male rats

scholarly journals FLUORIDE ABSORBED ON EXTRACTED TEETH AFTER IMMERSING IN FLUORIDE TABLET, FLUOCOL SOLUTION AND FLUORIDE DENTRIFICE (IN VITRO TEST)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Diyah Fatmasari ◽  
Lanny Sunarjo
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vitro Test

Background: The role of fluoride in preventing tooth decay both for children and adult has been acknowledged internationally. There are several types of fluoride modalities either topically or systemic way. In Indonesia the modalities used to apply are fluoride tablet, fluocol solution and fluoride containing toothpaste. The purpose of this research is to find the effectiveness of fluoride modalities.Method: The study design was quasy experimental with 40 extracted teeth (Premolar teeth). The teeth divided into four groups D group I soaked on tablet fluor, Group II ; soaked on fluocol solution, Group III soaked on fluoride tooth paste and group IV soaked on Mill J (Aquadest/ Control solution). Fluoride concentration before and after soaking was determined using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Fluoride absorption was determined by the reduction of fluoride concentration after soaking.Result: Research result shown that the highest fluoride absorption was on soaking in fluoride tablet, followed by soaking on fluocol and tooth paste (mean fluoride absorption was 0,32; 0,08 and 0,04 ppm). Anova test shown significance level was 0,000.Conclusion: there were a significance of fluoride absorption on soaking in tablet fluoride, fluocol solution and toothpaste. The mechanism of fluoride regimens shown different fluoride absorption.

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