Scoping review of digital biomarker-based studies (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Motahari-Nezhad ◽  
Meriem Fgaier ◽  
Mohamed Mahdi Abid ◽  
Márta Péntek ◽  
László Gulácsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Digital Biomarkers

BACKGROUND Sensors and digital devices have revolutionized the process of measuring, collecting, and storing health data. Digital biomarkers are defined as objective, quantifiable, physiological, and behavioral measures contained in digital devices that are portable, wearable, implantable, or digestible. The clinical utility of digital biomarkers is being supported by an increasing body of research. OBJECTIVE The present study intends to investigate the scope of digital biomarker-based systematic reviews. METHODS The current scoping review was organized using PRISMA-ScR. Limiting the search to English full-text systematic reviews of digital biomarkers that included at least one randomized controlled trial involving a human population and reporting changes in participants' health status. PubMed and the Cochrane library were searched. Separately, two reviewers screened and selected records. In addition, the qualified papers' reference lists were examined for additional reviews. The World Health Organization's (WHO) classification systems for diseases (ICD-11), health interventions (ICHI), and bodily functions (ICF) were used to classify populations, interventions, and outcomes. RESULTS 66 reviews met the inclusion criteria, mostly were published by authors from the United States of America (18, 27.28%). The most prevalent disease areas were Circulatory System (n=12, 18.18%) and External Causes (n=12, 18.18%). 27 and 23 interventions were connected to health-related behaviors and the circulatory system, respectively. Looking after one's health (physical activity) (n=22) and demographic changes (mortality) (n=19) were the most commonly reported outcomes. A substantial number of digital devices, mostly in the form of wearables (n=39/66, 59.09 %) were employed as interventions (n=43/66, 65.15 %). Position sensors (n=33/66) and heart /pulse rate sensors (n=32/66) were identified as the most prevalent types of sensors utilized to capture digital biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Digital biomarker clinical research encompasses a wide range of technologies, populations, interventions, and clinical outcomes, with cardiovascular and physical activity sensors being the most explored. This necessitates a more thorough examination of the strength and quality of evidence regarding the health consequences of digital biomarker-based therapy.

Usage of Mobile Apps to support Active Transportation: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttanun Siriaporn ◽  
Audrey de Nazelle ◽  
Gilles Maignant ◽  
Pascal Staccini ◽  
Anne Vuillemin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Android Apps

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends 150-300 minutes of physical activity per week to lower health risks caused by sedentary behavior. Incorporating active transport (AT), non-motorized methods of transportation like walking and cycling, into daily life is an efficient way for individuals to reach recommended levels of physical activity. Active transportation can also improve the environment by reducing pollution emission when people make a switch from personal motorized vehicles. Smartphones have been explored as a tool to deliver health interventions through mobile apps, especially in the field of behavior change in weight loss and physical activity. OBJECTIVE This study sought to explore the extent of the usage of mobile apps in the field of active transport, both academically and commercially. We want to know if and how much mobile apps are being used in active transport research, as well as its availability commercially. This will allow us to realize the current trends and gaps of the field. METHODS A search on academic literature and commercial apps for any apps that support active transportation was done in five academic databases and the two app stores. For a wide check, commercial apps were searched in six countries, one in each continent. Two of the authors reviewed the articles and apps for inclusion and another made the final decision if conflict arose. RESULTS In academic literature, 24 apps were identified that were developed or used for AT promotion or AT research. Out of these 24 apps, 8 are still available for download. Through the commercial search, we found 34 apps on the Apple App Store and 107 on the Google Play Store, available in Australia, Brazil, France, South Africa, Thailand, and the United States. Most of the apps were bike shares, then research apps, campaign apps, and then resource apps. From this, we discovered that for iOS apps, there are 4 apps that integrated self-monitoring features, 5 apps that use gamification to encourage engagement in AT and 1 app that used incentives and rewards as a motivator. For android apps, we found 7 apps that have self-monitoring features, 8 apps that use gamification features, and 4 campaign apps that use incentives and rewards to encourage AT engagement. CONCLUSIONS With this scoping review, we found that mobile apps are being explored as a method to collect data for transportation research and as an intervention to promote AT. However, results of the interventions varied, indicating the need for further study for a successful promotion. The apps that were developed academically were rarely maintained. Furthermore, there are not enough commercially available evidence-based and science-backed mobile apps that support and encourage AT behavior.

Evidence-Based Podiatric Medicine

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Hawke ◽  
Joshua Burns ◽  
Karl B. Landorf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Due to the exponential increase in the quantity and quality of podiatric medicine–related research during the past decade, podiatric physicians are inundated with an insurmountable volume of research relevant to clinical practice. Systematic reviews can refine this literature by using explicit, rigorous, and reproducible methods to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the best evidence from all clinical trials to answer clearly defined clinical questions. The Cochrane Collaboration is an international not-for-profit organization created to improve the user-friendliness and accessibility of medical literature mainly through preparing and maintaining systematic reviews of health-care interventions. The Cochrane Library currently contains more than 50 podiatric medicine–relevant systematic reviews summarizing and synthesizing evidence from many hundreds of randomized controlled trials evaluating interventions for foot problems. Although more than 60 countries worldwide have open online access to The Cochrane Library, in the United States, only the state of Wyoming has free access to full-text reviews. In an era demanding an evidence-based approach for every clinical intervention, high-quality systematic reviews streamline podiatric medical literature by reducing the time, cost, and training necessary to establish a solid evidence base for practice. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 260–266, 2009)

scholarly journals Research on simulation in radiography education: a scoping review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Vestbøstad ◽  
Klas Karlgren ◽  
Nina Rydland Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Radiography Education

Abstract Background Today, there are fewer opportunities for health care students and staff for skills training through direct patient contact. The World Health Organization therefore recommends learning about patient safety through hands-on experience and simulation. Simulation has the potential to improve skills through training in a controlled environment, and simulation has a positive effect on knowledge and skills, and even patient-related outcomes. Reviews addressing the use of simulation across the different radiography specialties are lacking. Further knowledge on simulation in radiography education is needed to inform curriculum design and future research. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore, map, and summarize the extent, range, and nature of published research on simulation in radiography education. Methods We will follow the methodological framework for scoping reviews originally described by Arksey and O’Malley. We will search the MEDLINE, Embase, Epistemonikos, The Cochrane Library, ERIC, Scopus, and sources of grey literature. A comprehensive search strategy for Ovid MEDLINE was developed in collaboration with a research librarian. An example of a full electronic search from the Ovid MEDLINE (1641 articles records, January 9, 2020) is provided and will be used to adapt the search strategy to each database. Two independent review authors will screen all abstracts and titles, and full-text publications during a second stage. Next, they will extract data from each included study using a data extraction form informed by the aim of the study. A narrative account of all studies included will be presented. We will present a simple numerical analysis related to the extent, nature, and distribution of studies, and we will use content analysis to map the different simulation interventions and learning design elements reported. Any type of simulation intervention within all types of radiography specializations will be included. Our search strategy is not limited by language or date of publication. Discussion An overview of publications on simulation in radiography education across all radiography specialties will help to inform future research and will be useful for stakeholders within radiography education using simulation, both in the academic and clinical settings. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework (OSF). Submitted on October 18, 2020

scholarly journals Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical procedures: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eva Brocard ◽  
Ludovic Reveiz ◽  
Jean-Philippe Régnaux ◽  
Veronica Abdala ◽  
Pilar Ramón-Pardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Objectives. To map the current evidence on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) administration and identify knowledge gaps in the literature available in this field. Methods. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, and Health Systems Evidence databases were searched from January 2015 to March 2020 for systematic reviews published in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. Results. Eighty-three systematic reviews were included, the quality of the reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2, and data were extracted for all primary outcomes. Perioperative antibiotic administration, the use of first generation cephalosporins, and surgical site infection (SSI) were the most commonly reported for timing of antibiotic administration, drug class, and primary outcome, respectively. Findings showed that, overall, SAP may reduce SSIs compared with a placebo or with no SAP. Results suggested that intraoperative SAP may lower SSI, while postoperative SAP did not show a statistically significant difference. Conclusions. Findings have confirmed the role of SAP in reducing postoperative SSI across various surgeries and do not support the use of antibiotics after surgery to prevent infections. The findings of this scoping review have enhanced the evidence base that can inform decisions regarding the development of global guidelines for the prevention of SSI. However, high-quality systematic reviews and research reflecting diverse populations and settings are needed.

Outcomes of digital biomarker-based interventions: protocol for a systematic review of systematic reviews (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Motahari-Nezhad ◽  
Márta Péntek ◽  
László Gulácsi ◽  
Zsombor Zrubka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Digital Biomarkers

BACKGROUND Digital biomarkers are defined as objective, quantifiable physiological and behavioral data that are collected and measured by means of digital devices such as portables, wearables, implantables or digestibles. For their widespread adoption in publicly financed healthcare systems, it is important to understand how their benefits translate into improved patient outcomes, which is essential for demonstrating their value. OBJECTIVE To assess the quality and strength of evidence of the impact of digital biomarkers on clinical outcomes compared to interventions without digital biomarkers, reported in systematic reviews. METHODS A comprehensive search for 2019-2020 will be conducted in the PubMed and the Cochrane Library using keywords related to digital biomarkers and a filter for systematic reviews. Original full-text English publications of systematic reviews comparing clinical outcomes of interventions with and without digital biomarkers via meta-analysis will be included. The AMSTAR-2 tool will be used to assess the methodological quality of reviews. To assess the quality of evidence, we will evaluate systematic reviews using the GRADE tool. To detect the possible presence of reporting bias, we will record whether the protocol of the systematic reviews was published before the start of the study. A qualitative summary of results by digital biomarker technology and outcome will be provided. RESULTS This protocol was submitted before data collection. The next steps in this review will be initiated after the protocol is accepted for publication. CONCLUSIONS Our study will provide a comprehensive summary of the highest level of evidence available on digital biomarker interventions. Our results will help identify clinical areas where the use of digital biomarkers leads to favorable clinical outcomes. In addition, our findings will highlight areas of evidence gaps where the clinical benefits of digital biomarkers have not yet been demonstrated.

scholarly journals New global guidelines on sedentary behaviour and health for adults: broadening the behavioural targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy C. Dempsey ◽  
Stuart J. H. Biddle ◽  
Matthew P. Buman ◽  
Sebastien Chastin ◽  
Ulf Ekelund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
World Health

Abstract Background In 2018, the World Health Organisation (WHO) commenced a program of work to update the 2010 Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, for the first-time providing population-based guidelines on sedentary behaviour. This paper briefly summarizes and highlights the scientific evidence behind the new sedentary behaviour guidelines for all adults and discusses its strengths and limitations, including evidence gaps/research needs and potential implications for public health practice. Methods An overview of the scope and methods used to update the evidence is provided, along with quality assessment and grading methods for the eligible new systematic reviews. The literature search update was conducted for WHO by an external team and reviewers used the AMSTAR 2 (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) tool for critical appraisal of the systematic reviews under consideration for inclusion. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method was used to rate the certainty (i.e. very low to high) of the evidence. Results The updated systematic review identified 22 new reviews published from 2017 up to August 2019, 14 of which were incorporated into the final evidence profiles. Overall, there was moderate certainty evidence that higher amounts of sedentary behaviour increase the risk for all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality, as well as incidence of CVD, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. However, evidence was deemed insufficient at present to set quantified (time-based) recommendations for sedentary time. Moderate certainty evidence also showed that associations between sedentary behaviour and all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality vary by level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), which underpinned additional guidance around MVPA in the context of high sedentary time. Finally, there was insufficient or low-certainty systematic review evidence on the type or domain of sedentary behaviour, or the frequency and/or duration of bouts or breaks in sedentary behaviour, to make specific recommendations for the health outcomes examined. Conclusions The WHO 2020 guidelines are based on the latest evidence on sedentary behaviour and health, along with interactions between sedentary behaviour and MVPA, and support implementing public health programmes and policies aimed at increasing MVPA and limiting sedentary behaviour. Important evidence gaps and research opportunities are identified.

Chronic Disease Self-Management Among Iranian Older Adults: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 922-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aein Zarrin ◽  
Nima Tourchian ◽  
George A. Heckman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Care Models ◽  
Language Objectives ◽  
Main Components

Background: Implementing care models that emphasize chronic disease self-management (CDSM) strategies may be an effective approach to the growing prevalence of chronic conditions in Iran. We, therefore, conducted a scoping review on CDSM among older Iranians to identify existing gaps and opportunities to improve chronic disease care. Method: We conducted a search in CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Cochrane library. Selected articles were charted based on year of publication, language, objectives, methods, target chronic disease(s), sample demographics, self-management type, and key findings. Results: We selected 73 articles. The main components of CDSM addressed were social support, education, physical activity, nutrition, self-monitoring, spirituality, and financial support. Older Iranians reported low levels of physical activity. Conclusion: Enhancing the quality of CDSM research and provision of coaching to enhance older adults’ social and mental health are among the main strategies to enhance CDSM among the Iranian older population.

scholarly journals An Overview of Systematic Reviews: Complementary Therapies for Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541989002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Min Lee ◽  
Ho Cheol Choi ◽  
Min Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Type

Introduction: This article critically examines the systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of complementary therapies for cancer patients to appraise the evidence level, and offers suggestions for future research and practice. Methods: The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE were searched from their inception to January 2018, to identify SR and MA of complementary therapies available for cancer patients. Final selected SR and MA were methodologically evaluated for their quality by applying the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) instrument. Data extraction and risk of quality assessments were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Results: A total of 104 studies were included in the analysis. The majority of the individual clinical trials included in the SR and MA were performed in China (48%) and the United States (26.9%). Breast cancer was the most studied cancer type (25%), and acupuncture was the most studied intervention (21%). Side effects of cancer such as pain, depression, and fatigue were effectively managed with complementary therapies. The methodologically problematic items included not listing the excluded studies and lack of protocol or protocol registration. Conclusions: With increasing interest in research, complementary therapies appear to be beneficial in reducing side effects and raising the quality of life of cancer patients. Complementary therapies have generally been studied for all cancers, with acupuncture being the most researched, regardless of the cancer type. Since AMSTAR2 is a stricter assessment tool than before, future studies need to consider the risk of methodological bias with caution and discuss appropriate overall quality assessment tools.

scholarly journals Exploring the prevalence of gaming disorder and internet gaming disorder: a rapid scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Darvesh ◽  
Amruta Radhakrishnan ◽  
Chantelle C Lachance ◽  
Vera Nincic ◽  
Jane P Sharpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background : Internet gaming disorder (IGD) was included in the DSM-5 in 2013 as a condition requiring further research, and gaming disorder (GD) was included in the ICD-11 in 2018. Given the importance of including these conditions in diagnostic guidelines, a review was conducted to describe their prevalence. Methods : Using guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we conducted a rapid scoping review. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane library were searched for literature published from inception to July 2018. All review stages were pilot tested to calibrate reviewers. The titles/abstracts and full-text articles were screened by one reviewer to include quantitative primary studies that reported GD or IGD prevalence. Excluded citations were screened by a second reviewer to confirm exclusion. Charting was conducted by one reviewer and verified by another, to capture relevant data. Results were summarized descriptively in tables or text. Results : We assessed 5550 potentially relevant citations. No studies on GD were identified. We found 160 studies of various designs that used 35 different methods to diagnose IGD. Prevalence of IGD ranged from 0.21-57.50% in general populations, 3.20-91.00% in clinical populations, and 50.42-79.25% in populations undergoing intervention (severe cases). Most studies were conducted in the Republic of Korea (n=45), China (n=29), and the United States of America (n=20). Results are presented for severe IGD and by geographic region, gender/sex, and age groups (child, adolescent, adult). The five most frequently reported health-related variables were depression (67 times), internet addiction (54 times), anxiety (48 times), impulsiveness (37 times), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (24 times). Conclusions : Due to the variability in diagnostic approaches, knowledge users should interpret the wide IGD prevalence ranges with caution. In addition to further research on GD, consensus on the definition of IGD and how it is measured is needed, to better understand the prevalence of these conditions. Protocol registration : Open Science Framework https://osf.io/y2sr6/ , August 21 2018.

scholarly journals Usability and utility of eHealth for physical activity counselling in primary health care: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apichai Wattanapisit ◽  
Titiporn Tuangratananon ◽  
Sanhapan Wattanapisit
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Full Text Review

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) counselling is an effective approach to promote PA in primary health care (PHC). Barriers to PA counselling in PHC include time constraints, lack of knowledge and skills of providers, and systemic barriers. Using electronic health (eHealth) has the potential to promote PA. This scoping review aimed to identify usability and utility of eHealth for tailored PA counselling introduced in PHC settings. Methods A scoping review included primary research articles. The authors systematically searched six databases (Cochrane Library, CINAHL Complete, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) from the inception of the databases. The search terms consisted of three search components: intervention (PA counselling), platform (eHealth), and setting (PHC). Additional articles were included through reference lists. The inclusion criteria were research or original articles with any study designs in adult participants. Results Of 2501 articles after duplicate removal, 2471 articles were excluded based on the title and abstract screening and full text review. A total of 30 articles were included for synthesis. The eHealth tools had a wide range of counselling domains as a stand-alone PA domain and multiple health behaviours. The included articles presented mixed findings of usability and utility of eHealth for PA counselling among patients and providers in PHC settings. Technical problems and the complexity of the programmes were highlighted as barriers to usability. The majority of articles reported effective utility, however, several articles stated unfavourable outcomes. Conclusions eHealth has the potential to support PA counselling in PHC. Facilitators and barriers to eHealth usability should be considered and adapted to particular settings and contexts. The utility of eHealth for promoting PA among patients should be based on the pragmatic basis to optimise resources.

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