A Comparison of Gasification with Pyrolysis for the Recycling of Plastic Containing Wastes

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Ray ◽  
RB Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Synthetic Alcohol ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Simple Molecules

In the present investigation, pyrolysis and gasification, two widely used thermochemical processes, are compared as potential chemical recycling methods for MWP and plastic rich MSW in terms of products of high value and their end uses. High temperature pyrolysis results in a wide spectrum of products which also contain monomers of C2-C4 range such as ethylene and 1,3-butadiene. Recovery of monomers from their isomers and other products is difficult and energy-intensive. Gasification breaks solid wastes into simple molecules (mainly CO & H2) which subsequently can be converted to value added liquid chemicals (namely alcohols) by a catalytic synthesis processes. Synthetic alcohol then can be converted to the desired petrochemical precursors. After reviewing different aspects of both pyrolysis and gasification, recycling through gasification is chosen as the preferred route for project SPORT as syngas product can be converted into several key petrochemical products in high yield.

scholarly journals MXenes for future nanophotonic device applications

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1831-1853
Author(s):  
Jaeho Jeon ◽  
Yajie Yang ◽  
Haeju Choi ◽  
Jin-Hong Park ◽  
Byoung Hun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optoelectronic Device ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Nanophotonic Device ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Device Applications

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) layers of transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides, collectively referred to as MXenes, are considered as the new family of 2D materials for the development of functional building blocks for optoelectronic and photonic device applications. Their advantages are based on their unique and tunable electronic and optical properties, which depend on the modulation of transition metal elements or surface functional groups. In this paper, we have presented a comprehensive review of MXenes to suggest an insightful perspective on future nanophotonic and optoelectronic device applications based on advanced synthesis processes and theoretically predicted or experimentally verified material properties. Recently developed optoelectronic and photonic devices, such as photodetectors, solar cells, fiber lasers, and light-emitting diodes are summarized in this review. Wide-spectrum photodetection with high photoresponsivity, high-yield solar cells, and effective saturable absorption were achieved by exploiting different MXenes. Further, the great potential of MXenes as an electrode material is predicted with a controllable work function in a wide range (1.6–8 eV) and high conductivity (~104 S/cm), and their potential as active channel material by generating a tunable energy bandgap is likewise shown. MXene can provide new functional building blocks for future generation nanophotonic device applications.

Purification of Eucalyptus globulus water prehydrolyzates using the HiTAC process (high-temperature adsorption on activated charcoal)

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sabrina Gütsch ◽  
Herbert Sixta
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Charcoal Adsorption ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract The implementation of biorefinery concepts into existing pulp and paper mills is a key step for a sustainable utilization of the natural resource wood. Water prehydrolysis of wood is an interesting process for the recovery of xylo-oligosaccharides and derivatives thereof, while at the same time cellulose is preserved to a large extent for subsequent dissolving pulp production. The recovery of value-added products out of autohydrolyzates is frequently hindered by extensive lignin precipitation, especially at high temperatures. In this study, a new high-temperature adsorption process (HiTAC process) was developed, where lignin is removed directly after the autohydrolysis, which enables further processing of the autohydrolyzates. The suitability of activated charcoals as a selective adsorbent for lignin under process-relevant conditions (150 and 170°C) has not been considered up to now, because former experiments showed decreasing efficiency of charcoal adsorption of lignin with increasing temperature in the range 20–80°C. In contrast to these results, we demonstrated that the adsorption of lignin at 170°C directly after autohydrolysis is even more efficient than after cooling the hydrolyzate to room temperature. The formation of lignin precipitation and incrustations can thus be efficiently prevented by the HiTAC process. The carbohydrates in the autohydrolysis liquor remain unaffected over a wide charcoal concentration range and can be further processed to yield valuable products.

Direct conversion of cellulose to high-yield methyl lactate over Ga-doped Zn/H-nanozeolite Y catalysts in supercritical methanol

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1969-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Verma ◽  
Rizki Insyani ◽  
Young-Woong Suh ◽  
Seung Min Kim ◽  
Seok Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Methyl Lactate ◽  
High Yields

For realizing sustainable bio-based refineries, it is crucial to obtain high yields of value-added chemicalsviadirect conversion of cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass.

Increased High-Temperature Reliability and Package Hardening of Commercial Integrated Circuits (Through Die Extraction, Electroless Nickel/Gold Pad Reconditioning, and Ceramic Re-Assembly)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (HiTEN) ◽  
pp. 000123-000128
Author(s):  
Erick M. Spory
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Gold Plating ◽  
Global Circuit ◽  
Temperature Applications

There is an ever-increasing demand for electronics in higher temperature applications, both in variety and volume. In many cases, the actual integrated circuit within the plastic packaging can support operation at higher temperatures, although the packaging and connectivity is unable to do so. Ultimately, there still remains a significant gap in the volume demand required for high temperature integrated circuit lines to justify support of more expensive ceramic solutions by the original component manufacturer vs. the cheaper, high-volume PEM flows. Global Circuit Innovations, Inc. has developed a manufacturable, cost-effective solution to extract the integrated circuit from any plastic encapsulated device and subsequently re-package that device into an identical ceramic footprint, with the ability to maintain high-integrity connectivity to the device and enabling functionality for 1000's of hours at temperatures at 250C and beyond. This process represents a high-value added solution to provide high-temperature integrated circuits for a large spectrum of requirements: low-volume, quick-turn evaluation of integrated circuit prototyping, as well as medium to high-volume production needs for ongoing production needs. Although both die extraction and integrated circuit pad electroless nickel/gold plating have both been performed successfully for many years in the semiconductor industry, Global Circuit Innovations, Inc. has been able to combine the two in a reliable, volume manufacturing flow to satisfy many of the stringent requirements for high-temperature applications.

scholarly journals Changes in Phenolics and Fatty Acids Composition and Related Gene Expression during the Development from Seed to Leaves of Three Cultivated Cardoon Genotypes

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
Teresa Docimo ◽  
Monica De Palma ◽  
Francesca Sparvoli ◽  
Luana Izzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Superior Genotypes

Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis) has long been used as a food and medicine remedy and nowadays is considered a functional food. Its leaf bioactive compounds are mostly represented by chlorogenic acids and coumaroyl derivatives, known for their nutritional value and bioactivity. Having antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, these molecules are used for medicinal purposes. Apart from the phenolic compounds in green tissues, cultivated cardoon is also used for the seed oil, having a composition suitable for the human diet, but also valuable as feedstock for the production of biofuel and biodegradable bioplastics. Given the wide spectrum of valuable cardoon molecules and their numerous industrial applications, a detailed characterization of different organs and tissues for their metabolic profiles as well as an extensive transcriptional analysis of associated key biosynthetic genes were performed to provide a deeper insight into metabolites biosynthesis and accumulation sites. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenylpropanoids profile through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis, of fatty acids content through GC-MS analysis, along with quantitative transcriptional analyses by qRT-PCR of hydroxycinnamoyl-quinate transferase (HQT), stearic acid desaturase (SAD), and fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes in seeds, hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of the cardoon genotypes “Spagnolo”, “Bianco Avorio”, and “Gigante”. Both oil yield and total phenols accumulation in all the tissues and organs indicated higher production in “Bianco Avorio” and “Spagnolo” than in “Gigante”. Antioxidant activity evaluation by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays mirrored total phenols content. Overall, this study provides a detailed analysis of tissue composition of cardoon, enabling to elucidate value-added product accumulation and distribution during plant development and hence contributing to better address and optimize the sustainable use of this natural resource. Besides, our metabolic and transcriptional screening could be useful to guide the selection of superior genotypes.

scholarly journals Solar Heat for Materials Processing: A Review on Recent Achievements and a Prospect on Future Trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Reaction Chambers ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation

Considering works published in the literature for more than a decade (period from January 2008 till June 2019), this paper provides an overview of recent applications of the so-called “solar furnaces”, their reactors, process chambers and related devices, aiming specifically at the processing of (solid) materials. Based on the author’s own experience, some prospects on future trends are also presented. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the tremendous potentialities of the usage of solar heat for materials processing, but also to reveal the necessity of further developing solar-driven high-temperature technologies (which are required to displace the use of electricity or natural gas). In particular, it is essential to improve the temperature homogeneity conditions inside reaction chambers for materials processing using solar heat. Moreover, new innovative modular systems, practical and flexible, for capture, concentration, control and conduction of concentrated solar radiation are suggested. Solar thermal technologies for the production of electricity, as well as solar thermochemical processes for production of gases or liquids, are outside the scope of this review.

scholarly journals Upcycling chitin-containing waste into organonitrogen chemicals via an integrated process

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (14) ◽  
pp. 7719-7728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Ma ◽  
Gökalp Gözaydın ◽  
Huiying Yang ◽  
Wenbo Ning ◽  
Xi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Integrated Biorefinery ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Shrimp Shell Waste ◽  
Value Added Products

Chitin is the most abundant renewable nitrogenous material on earth and is accessible to humans in the form of crustacean shell waste. Such waste has been severely underutilized, resulting in both resource wastage and disposal issues. Upcycling chitin-containing waste into value-added products is an attractive solution. However, the direct conversion of crustacean shell waste-derived chitin into a wide spectrum of nitrogen-containing chemicals (NCCs) is challenging via conventional catalytic processes. To address this challenge, in this study, we developed an integrated biorefinery process to upgrade shell waste-derived chitin into two aromatic NCCs that currently cannot be synthesized from chitin via any chemical process (tyrosine andl-DOPA). The process involves a pretreatment of chitin-containing shell waste and an enzymatic/fermentative bioprocess using metabolically engineeredEscherichia coli. The pretreatment step achieved an almost 100% recovery and partial depolymerization of chitin from shrimp shell waste (SSW), thereby offering water-soluble chitin hydrolysates for the downstream microbial process under mild conditions. The engineeredE. colistrains produced 0.91 g/L tyrosine or 0.41 g/Ll-DOPA from 22.5 g/L unpurified SSW-derived chitin hydrolysates, demonstrating the feasibility of upcycling renewable chitin-containing waste into value-added NCCs via this integrated biorefinery, which bypassed the Haber–Bosch process in providing a nitrogen source.

scholarly journals High-Yield Fabrication of Entangled Photon Emitters for Hybrid Quantum Networking Using High-Temperature Droplet Epitaxy

Nano Letters ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Basso Basset ◽  
Sergio Bietti ◽  
Marcus Reindl ◽  
Luca Esposito ◽  
Alexey Fedorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Droplet Epitaxy ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quantum Networking

Reductions with sulfurated borohydrides. V. Reductions of ketones

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 2366-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lalancette ◽  
A. Freche
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Very High

Ketones can be reduced with sulfurated sodium borohydride. Very high yield (≈90%) of the corresponding alcohol is obtained with the appropriate ratio of ketone and hydride at room temperature. The reaction is much influenced by the steric environment around the carbonyl group. At high temperature (65°) disulfides and tetrasulfides are produced. In some cases the structure of those sulfides have been established. Conjugated ketones can be reduced to the corresponding alcohols with very high yields.

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