Changes in lipid metabolism in the pre- and postoperative periods in obese patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Background. Changes in lipid metabolism indicators in the pre- and postoperative periods are due to frequent metabolic disorders in obese people and particular difficulties with the selection of appropriate therapy. In turn, the cause for metabolic changes in the body is the influence of a certain extreme situation — surgical intervention. Objective: to study the changes in lipid metabolism in the pre- and postoperative periods in obese patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and methods. The study involved 50 individuals (mean age — 47.0 ± 1.5 years), who underwent surgery for acute cholecystitis by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 — obese, 2 — non-obese. The level of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) was assessed in all patients and compared in the preoperative period and on days 1 and 5 after surgery. Results. The parameters of lipid metabolism in the pre- and postoperative periods in all groups had permissible fluctuations, given the fact that in obese patients lipids were initially increased compared to patients without obesity. In the postoperative period in group 1 on the first day, there was a decrease in triglycerides (1.1 ± 0.6 mmol/L) from the baseline, in total cholesterol (4.5 ± 0.3 mmol/L), an increase in HDL cholesterol (1.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L), a decrease in LDL (2.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L) and VLDL (1.0 ± 0.2 mmol/L). In group 2, indicators of triglycerides (0.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L), total cholesterol (3.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L), LDL (1.9 ± 0.3 mmol/L) and VLDL (0.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L) also tended to decrease and there was an increase in HDL (1.6 ± 0.1 mmol/L), but these values, regardless of their variation, were within the normal range. In group 1, three patients showed cognitive impairment, which was due to a significant increase in LDL over HDL and the possible development of atherosclerosis, which could lead to cerebrovascular accident. Conclusions. After conducting a study between two groups in which the lipids were studied, a variation in parameters was revealed in both groups, which is due to the characteristics of metabolism in such patients and the influence of surgical stress. Based on this, control and regulation of lipid values should be carried out in all patients with dyslipidemia, and in obese patients, additional consideration should be given to risk factors, concomitant diseases and possible complications.