scholarly journals The Effect of Reaction Time and Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactant from Palm Oil as a Feedstock using Microwave-Assisted Heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Lailatul Qadariyah ◽  
Sahiba Sahila ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sulfonate Group ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Methyl ester sulfonate is an anionic surfactant that can be synthesized from palm oil as a raw material with the addition of sodium bisulfite and calcium oxide catalyst through transesterification and sulfonation process using microwave-assisted heating. The effect of microwave-assisted heating in the transesterification-sulfonation process was investigated in this study. The transesterification process was carried out using a microwave power of 300 watts for 10 minutes with an addition of a KOH catalyst of 1%. The transesterification process gave a result of palm oil methyl ester with a yield of up to 98% and density of 0.8546 gr/ml, and kinematic viscosity of 3.19 cSt. The sulfonation process is carried out using palm oil methyl ester and sodium bisulfite with a mole ratio of 1:3 and calcium oxide catalyst of 1.5% with the microwave power of 300 watts while varying the sulfonation time and temperature. The physicochemical properties of methyl ester sulfonate were analyzed, and the sulfonate group was characterized using FTIR. The optimum condition gave a yield of up to 98.68%, the density of 0.8657 gr/ml, viscosity of 3.75 cSt, pH of 2.12, and surface tension of up to 27.34 dyne/cm at a temperature of 100oC and sulfonation time of 40 minutes.

Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Eldha Sampepana ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini ◽  
Aditya Rinaldi ◽  
Amiroh Amiroh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Method

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 

scholarly journals Estudio cinético de la sulfonación de ésteres metílicos derivados de la estearina de palma

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Jesús Alfonso Torres Ortega ◽  
Luis Alejandro Díaz Aldana ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Velocity ◽  
Other Substances

<strong><strong></strong></strong>Los ésteres metílicos como alternativa oleoquímica permiten sintetizar compuestos para la fabricación de detergentes, polímeros, recubrimientos, cosméticos, pinturas y otras sustancias. Así, la transformación del aceite de palma se establece como una cadena productiva con múltiples aplicaciones industriales. Las propiedades biológicas del éster metílico sulfonado, derivado del aceite de palma, permiten desarrollar detergentes de baja toxicidad al medio ambiente, son una fuente renovable de materia prima, y con su desarrollo se explota este recurso nacional; se generan así conocimiento y fuentes adicionales de trabajo. La sulfonación de ésteres metílicos es una reacción altamente exotérmica en la que la velocidad de reacción determina la carga térmica que debe disipar el reactor, y por tanto es trascendental para el diseño del reactor de sulfonación y su modelamiento matemático. Mediante técnicas instrumentales se estableció una expresión cinética para la velocidad de reacción. Los ensayos realizados en el laboratorio permitieron la deducción de una cinética de segundo orden para el mecanismo de reacción propuesto; esta velocidad de reacción describe adecuadamente la sulfonación con SO3 de ésteres metílicos derivados de la estearina hidrogenada de palma. Se verificó la cinética de segundo orden de la reacción global del proceso de sulfonación de ésteres metílicos con SO3. <p class="Corpoica"><strong>Kinetic study of methyl esters sulfonation derived from palm stearin </strong></p><p class="Corpoica">The methyl esters as an alternative to oil-chemical compounds, is an feedstock to manufacture of detergents, polymers, coatings, cosmetics, paints and other substances, establishing them the palm oil transformation like a productive chain with multiple applications at the industry level. Biological properties of biodiesel (methyl ester) sulfonated allow to develop low toxicity detergents to the environment, they are a renewable source of raw material, and with its development it is possible to take advantage of a national sources of knowledge and employment. Methyl esters sulfonation is a reaction highly exothermic, where reaction velocity determines the charge of heat, which should be dissipated by reactor. Therefore, it is important for sulfonation reactor design and its mathematical modelling. In this investigation, a kinetic study for methyl ester from palm oil stearin with sulfur trioxide SO3 sulfonation is presented, whereby with experimental techniques, it was possible to obtain a kinetic expression for reaction velocity. Tests in the laboratory allowed the deduction of a second-order kinetics for the reaction mechanism proposed, the reaction rate described adequately with SO3 sulfonation of methyl esters derived from hydrogenated palm stearin. It was observed second order kinetics of the reaction for the overall process of sulfonation with SO3 methyl esters. </p>

scholarly journals Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Essential Oil from Vietnamese Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Using Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Tran ◽  
Huynh Nguyen ◽  
Duy Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Huynh Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Basil plant is a common source for linalool and estragole. However, it has been showed that the chemical composition of basil varies considerably depending on many factors including method of extraction, cultivar of the plant or geographical location. In this study, we attempted to extract essential oil from Vietnamese basil and analyze the chemical composition of the obtained oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction method of choice was microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and the process was optimized with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with regard to four experimental parameters including raw material size, raw material to water ratio, extraction time and microwave power. The results showed that ground basil leaves, when extracted with optimal conditions of water-to-material ratio of 3.2:1, extraction time of 97 (min) and microwave power of 430 (W), gave the actual essential oil yield of 0.6%. Regarding ANOVA results of the quadratic model, high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9077), significant F-value of 10.92 and the p-value of less than 0.05 indicate that this model is significant between experimental and predicted variables, and should be fixed. In addition, GC-MS analysis revealed that major components of Vietnamese Basil were Estragole (87.869%), α-Bergamotene (2.922%), τ-Cadinol (2.770%), and Linalool (1.347%).

Optimization of Methyl Ester Production from Waste Palm Oil Using Activated Carbon Supported Calcium Oxide Catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
Zuraida Wan ◽  
Bassim H. Hameed ◽  
N. Mohammad Nor ◽  
Nur Alwani Ali Bashah
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Waste Cooking Palm Oil

In this study, methyl ester (ME) was produced by transesterification of waste cooking palm oil (WPO) using activated carbon supported calcium oxide as a solid base catalyst (CaO/AC). Process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effect of reaction time, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature and catalyst amount to produce highest ME content. The optimum reaction condition was at 5.5 wt% catalyst amount, 170 °C temperature, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 2 h 22 min reaction time. The predicted and experimental ME content were found to be 80.02% and 77.32%, respectively.

Impact of Spouted-Microwave Drying on the Selected Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Zucchini

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Stępień ◽  
Marta Pasławska ◽  
Radosław Maślankowski ◽  
Mariusz Surma ◽  
Klaudiusz Jałoszyński
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Cutting Resistance ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Compression Resistance

AbstractMechanical and rheological properties of zucchini dried with spouted microwave - assisted heating was analysed. During spouted drying two levels of microwave power were applied: 100W and 250W. Tests were carried out for the raw material blanched in the temperature of 60ºC for 10 minutes and not subjected to a pretreatment. Compression resistance, cutting resistance and stresses relaxation ratios a and b were determined. A significant impact of drying conditions on the product quality within the scope of mechanical and rheological properties was reported. Raw zucchini has 5 to 7 times higher compression resistance, several times lowered cutting resistance and almost two times higher elasticity in comparison to dried material. Low-temperature blanching significantly affected the values of all investigated properties of dried zucchini. Change in microwave powers during spouted drying significantly influenced the increase of the compression work value.

scholarly journals Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr Essential Oil and Its Inhibitory Properties against Some Bacteria and Cancer Cell Lines

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Toan Tran ◽  
Thu Le Vu Thi ◽  
Tien Lam Do ◽  
Hong Minh Pham Thi ◽  
Bich Hoang Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Wide Range

Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. (Callicarpa cana L.) is a medicinal plant that is distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and finds a wide range of uses in traditional medicine. In this study, we attempted and optimized the microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) process to obtain essential oil from the leaves of C. candicans. In addition, the obtained oil was analyzed for volatile composition by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and assayed for bioactivity against several bacteria and cancer cell lines. To optimize the extraction process, response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with central composite design (CCD) was adopted. Experimental design and optimization were carried out with respect to three experimental factors including the ratio of water to raw material, extraction time, and microwave power. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows: water to raw material ratio of 6/1 (v/w), extraction time 42 min, and microwave power 440 W. Composition determination of the obtained C. candicans essential oil indicated the presence of predominant components including caryophyllene <b-> (10.45%), cadinene <d-> (10.28%), gurjunene <a-> (8.95%), muurolene <g-> (8.92%), selinene <a-> (7.06%), selinene <b-> (5.59%), and copaene <a-> (5.40%). In comparison with the essential oils obtained via traditional hydro-distillation method, the essential oil extracted by MAHD exhibited superior anti-proliferative activity on all tested cancer cell lines. Current results imply that the MAHD is capable of recovering biologically-active natural products of greater quantity than that recovered by the conventional distillation.

scholarly journals SINTESIS SURFAKTAN METIL ESTER SULFONAT DARI PALM OIL METHYL ESTER DAN NATRIUM METABISULFIT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KATALIS KALSIUM OKSIDA

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nirwana ◽  
Irdoni ◽  
Jatikta Yuniharti
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate ◽  
The Stability

The most widely used surfactant is an anionic surfactant which is synthesized from petroleum namely Linear Alkylbenzene sulphonate (LABS). Methyl Ester Sulfonate which is currently being developed. Surfactant can produced from palm oil methyl ester via sulfonation sulfonate. When in this research using sodium metabisulphite. The aims of this work is to synthesize Methyl Ester Sulfonate surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester using Sodium Metabisulphite and a catalyst Calcium Oxide. The effects of time and the mole ratio are also investigated. Sulfonation process carried out in 4, 5, 6 hours with mole ratio of 1: 0,5, 1:1, 1: 1,5, temperature of 80° C and with stirring speed of 450 rpm. It haven been found that the surfactant produced has density of (0.89490 g/cm3 - 0.89545 g/cm3), viscosity (2.0323 cP - 2.1329 cP), pH (2,03 - 2,48), surface tension (32.60 mN/m - 33.60 mN/m), interfacial tension (30.45 mN/m - 30.94 mN/m), and the stability emulsion (59.17% - 89, 17%).

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