scholarly journals Big Five Trails: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Najm Abood Najm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Universal Models ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance

This study seeks to provide a broad and thorough review of the literature on the big five traits (BFT) and its major developments through a long history of conceptual and applied studies in many areas that have been conducted on large samples of individuals, groups and countries. The BFT is the most widely accepted and most prominent model to describe the structure of personality traits, so this study sought to identify them in order to achieve a better understanding as well as for consideration by researchers in their future studies. This review focused on the eight key observations related to the BFT. These observations are as follows: meaning of the traits; the history of the BFT model; unity or hierarchy of traits; number of the traits; three perspectives on BFT; BFT questionnaires; BFT and performance; and the need for a sixth trait. The results of the study clearly confirmed that there are problems with universal models that tend to generalize a limited number of dimensions in order to interpret personality across borders and cultures. This generalization of the models is accompanied by the numerous observations and problems mentioned in the above eight points.

The Interdependence of Personality and Satisfaction in Couples

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Weidmann ◽  
Thomas Ledermann ◽  
Alexander Grob
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Personality Similarity ◽  
Interpersonal Effects

Abstract. Personality has been found to play an important role in predicting satisfaction in couples. This review presents dyadic research on the association between Big Five traits and both life and relationship satisfaction in couples focusing on self-reported personality, partner-perceived personality (how the partner rates one’s own personality), and personality similarity. Furthermore, special attention is given to possible gender effects. The findings indicate the importance of self-reported as well as partner-perceived reported personality for the satisfaction of both partners. Specifically, the majority of studies found intrapersonal and interpersonal effects for neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness on life or relationship satisfaction. For the partner-perceived personality, intrapersonal and interpersonal effects were present for all Big Five traits. Partners’ similarity in personality traits seems not to be related with their satisfaction when controlling for partners’ personality.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and their outcomes: how personality, place, and sex of people play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Brito-Costa ◽  
Peter K Jonason ◽  
Michele Tosi ◽  
Rui Antunes ◽  
Sofia Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Abstract Background There is considerable variation in people’s attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic. One way to understand why people differ in their attitudes is to examine how personality traits predict the degree to which people hold different attitudes. Methods We collected data (N = 1420) from Portugal and Spain using Facebook advertising. We measured the Dark Triad and Big Five traits, and negative affect, along with ad hoc items for religiousness, and attitudes towards and fear of COVID. Results Neuroticism and Negative affect was linked to various domains of insecurity or fear and provides insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Religious people were less trusting in science, thought prayer was answer, and attributed the existence of the virus to an act of God. Women reported more fear of COVID-19 than men did, and this was enabled by women’s greater tendency to have Negative Affect and higher Neuroticism than men. Conclusions Neurotic people and those with more Negative Affect appear to be more fearful, more trusting in others and systems likely to protect them (e.g., scientists), and less likely to trust in systems shown to not help them (e.g., prayer). We found other effects for the Dark Triad traits and the Big Five traits. In total, we highlight some of the reasons that people may be in such disagreements about what to do about the virus at the individual and institutional levels. Personality, place, and participant’s sex all appear to play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs.

scholarly journals All the Dark Triad and Some of the Big Five Traits are Visible in the Face

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Alper ◽  
Fatih Bayrak ◽  
Onurcan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Adaptive Trait ◽  
Aggregate Analysis ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
Source Of Information

Some of the recent studies suggested that people can make accurate inferences about the level of the Big Five and the Dark Triad personality traits in strangers by only looking at their faces. However, later findings provided only partial support and the evidence is mixed regarding which traits can be accurately inferred from faces. In the current research, to provide further evidence on whether the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits are visible in the face, we report three studies, two of which were preregistered, conducted on both WEIRD (the US American) and non-WEIRD (Turkish) samples (N = 880). The participants in both US American and Turkish samples were successful in predicting all Dark Triad personality traits by looking at a stranger’s face. However, there were mixed results regarding the Big Five traits. An aggregate analysis of the combined dataset demonstrated that extraversion (only female), agreeableness, and conscientiousness were accurately inferred by the participants in addition to the Dark Triad traits. Overall, the results suggest that inferring personality from faces without any concrete source of information would be an evolutionarily adaptive trait.

scholarly journals HEXACO Traits, Big Five Traits, and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Public University ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
The U.S

Trait research on health has primarily focused on chronic diseases, and those findings may not generalize to acute infectious diseases. In the current study, I analyze the correlations between personality traits and attitudes toward COVID-19. Data were collected at the onset of the U.S. epidemic, when COVID-19 was salient to the public. Questionnaires were administered to 172 undergraduates at a public university. These questionnaires measured seven attitudes toward COVID-19, personal risk, and public health. HEXACO trait data had already been collected at this time from all participants, and Big Five data had been collected from a subset of 100 participants. The findings suggest that there are weak-to-moderate correlations but no strong correlations between Big Five traits, HEXACO traits, and attitudes. Conscientiousness was associated with greater trust, and openness with less trust in U.S. and European governments’ preparedness for future epidemics. Openness was also associated with less fear of getting infected after being exposed to a person who had or was exposed to COVID-19. The generalizability of these results is low, but this information may be useful for setting priors in Bayesian statistics for future studies. The findings also pertain to the convergent validity of HEXACO and Big Five trait models.

Incremental Validity of Achievement Goals in Predicting Subjective Well-Being Among University Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
Mastery Approach

This study examined the role that achievement goals may play in predicting subjective well-being, particularly the extra contribution of achievement goals beyond that of personality traits. There were 371 university students from Nanjing, China (mean age = 20.67, SD = 1.30) who participated in the study and reported their achievement goals, the Big Five personality traits, and subjective well-being (including life satisfaction, positive, and negative affect). Results revealed that mastery-approach goals positively and significantly predicted life satisfaction; mastery-approach and performance-approach goals positively, whereas performance-avoidance goals negatively significantly predicted positive affect. When working with the Big Five personality traits, mastery-approach goals and performance-approach goals showed their added contributions to life satisfaction and positive affect, respectively. These results highlight the importance of considering achievement goals when explaining individual differences of subjective well-being as well as the importance of taking subjective well-being into account when understanding the nature of achievement goals.

Personality Traits and Sibling Relationships in Emerging Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Lanthier
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Older Siblings

Associations between the Big Five personality traits of siblings and the quality of sibling relationships were examined in a sample of 115 college students and one of their older siblings. Big Five traits, as assessed by Goldberg's 100 adjective markers, predicted a large amount of the variability in sibling Warmth and Conflict. Agreeableness was the most consistent predictor of positive sibling outcomes.

Personality and Political Attitudes: Relationships across Issue Domains and Political Contexts

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN S. GERBER ◽  
GREGORY A. HUBER ◽  
DAVID DOHERTY ◽  
CONOR M. DOWLING ◽  
SHANG E. HA
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Registered Voters

Previous research on personality traits and political attitudes has largely focused on the direct relationships between traits and ideological self-placement. There are theoretical reasons, however, to suspect that the relationships between personality traits and political attitudes (1) vary across issue domains and (2) depend on contextual factors that affect the meaning of political stimuli. In this study, we provide an explicit theoretical framework for formulating hypotheses about these differential effects. We then leverage the power of an unusually large national survey of registered voters to examine how the relationships between Big Five personality traits and political attitudes differ across issue domains and social contexts (as defined by racial groups). We confirm some important previous findings regarding personality and political ideology, find clear evidence that Big Five traits affect economic and social attitudes differently, show that the effect of Big Five traits is often as large as that of education or income in predicting ideology, and demonstrate that the relationships between Big Five traits and ideology vary substantially between white and black respondents.

scholarly journals WASH and Gender: a critical review of the literature and implications for gender-transformative WASH research

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-827
Author(s):  
Jess MacArthur ◽  
Naomi Carrard ◽  
Juliet Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Gender In Development ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The connections between gender and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are profound, and the sector is beginning to explore the integration of gender-transformative principles into WASH programming and research. Gender-transformative approaches challenge inequalities and move beyond an instrumentalist approach to gender in development interventions. Through a critical review of academic empirical studies, this paper explores the last decade of WASH-gender literature (2008–2018). Trends were visualised using an alluvial diagram. The reviewed literature was underpinned by a diversity of disciplines, yet was dominated by women-focused, water-focused studies. Although the studies addressed many important gender considerations, few studies engaged with transformational aspects of gender equality. The majority of the studies were based in rural sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, indicating opportunity to explore contextual dynamics in other areas of the global south. Lastly, the studies primarily focus on women of productive age; only a few studies touched on gender dynamics relevant for a diversity of women, and men and boys were mostly absent. Insights from this analysis can inform future studies at the intersection of WASH and gender. Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to include a diversity of voices, reflect on the strengths and limitations of research disciplines, and incorporate gender-transformative concepts.

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