scholarly journals The Effect of Red Palm Oil Concentration towards Characteristics and Biodegradability of PLA-Starch Film

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Siti Fatma Abd Karim ◽  
Nur Aliah Adilla Mohammad Asri ◽  
Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdol Aziz ◽  
Ummi Kalthum Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Peaty Soil ◽  
Oil Concentration

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that had been used as a substitute for conventional petroleum based plastics. Plasticizers were added into the solution of PLA and starch (PLA/S) to increase the flexibility and degradability of the produced film. PLA/S films need plasticizers that able to improve the degradation process. Red palm oil (RPO) were incorporated into PLA/S blends. The films were casted into petri dish via casting method. The films were characterized based on the color, thickness and chemical composition (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). The performance of the films was analyzed based on tensile strength and biodegradation percentage. The films were yellowish in color with the addition of RPO. The FTIR shows that the increment of RPO concentration modified the intermolecular interaction between the PLA/S molecules. The tensile strength of PLA decreased with the addition of starch. The biodegradability test was done by using soil burial method where the samples were buried in peaty soil for 12 days. The films produced from these combinations resulted in a good biodegradable activity. The films with high concentration of RPO and presence of starch degraded 100% within 12 days. RPO can be used as the plasticizer with further improvement.

scholarly journals Degradation of Polyfurfuryl Alcohol-based Biopolymer by Soil-burial and Photo-degradation Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyaragini Singh ◽  
K. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Furan Ring ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Polyfurfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Degraded Samples

Abstract Recently, polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) based material has been gaining attention. Despite its use as an intermediate in various industries, the degradation process of PFA has rarely been reported. In this study, neat PFA (PF) and polylactic acid (PLA) incorporated PFA (PF-PL) based thermoset biopolymers were prepared by casting method. The degradation of the prepared biopolymer specimens was carried out under environmental conditions via soil-burial test and photo-degradation method for 21-months. The extent of degradation of PF and PF-PL was assessed by evaluating weight loss, structural and morphological change by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Weight loss percentage in case of photo-degraded samples was found to be much higher compared to soil buried specimens. SEM micrographs showed a blistered surface with visible cracks on the surface of soil buried and photo-degraded samples. FTIR spectra of photo-degraded samples showed a new peak at 673 cm-1 indicating the furan ring opening during the degradation process. Significant variation in mechanical properties of PF and PF-PL specimens after soil-burial test also indicated biodegradable nature of the biopolymers. Approximately 45% and 63% of loss in tensile strength was obtained in PF and PF-PL soil buried specimens, respectively. All the obtained data revealed the fragmentation of biopolymers, hence supporting the biodegradable nature of PFA-based biopolymer.

scholarly journals The potential bio-conversion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as Bioethanol by steady-state anaerobic processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Muh. Ilham Anggamulia ◽  
Mindriany Syafila ◽  
Marisa Handajani ◽  
Andri Gumilar
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Biomass is a central issue as new material that can be used as a substrate to produce biofuels, it has become global research to replace liquid fossil fuels with alternative renewable and sustainable fossils. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the potential of Agri-industrial waste to be used as alternative energy with anaerobic digestion of high concentration organic wastewater can be used for bioethanol production to replace food as raw material. Bioethanol can be produced in acidogenic steps in the organic degradation process. In this research, bacterial mixed cultures sourced from bovine rumen as biomass and the substrate used was palm oil mill effluent (POME) with a characteristic COD concentration of 25,600 mg/L, The operation of the reactor is set at pH 5; 6; 7 for 72 hours with the type of anaerobic circulating batch reactor (CBR), measurement of bioethanol products and acidogenesis of samples is carried out every 6 hours. The results showed that the reactor with variations in pH conditions 5 gave the highest efficiency of bioethanol formation in the 12 hour running process, result is 102,94 mg/L with a maximum formation rate of 9,98 mg/L/hour.

Formulation and Evaluation of Chitosan-Polyaniline Nanocomposites for Controlled Release of Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dillip Kumar Behera ◽  
Kampal Mishra ◽  
Padmolochan Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Nanoclay Content

In this present work, chitosan (CS) crosslink with polyaniline (PANI) with montmorilonite (MMT) called as (CSPANI/MMT) and CS crosslink with PANI without MMT called as (CS-PANI) were prepared by employing the solution casting method. Further the formation of nanocomposites CS-PANI/MMT and CS-PANI were investigated using XRD, FTIR, SEM and tensile strength. Water uptake and swelling ratio of the CS-PANI and CS-PANI/MMT were found to decrease with increase in concentration of clay. Mechanical properties of the CS-PANI and CS-PANI/MMT were assessed in terms of tensile strength and extensibility using texture analyzer. Increase in tensile strength and reduction in extensibility was reported with increase in the nanoclay content. In vitro drug release study on CS-PANI and CS-PANI/MMT indicated pronounced sustained release of doxorubicin by the incorporation of clay particles in the CS polymer matrix. Overall CSPANI/MMT nanocomposite films exhibited improved mechanical and sustained drug release properties than CS-PANI.

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol in Nanocellulose/PLA Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Wanasorn Somphol ◽  
Thipjak Na Lampang ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Poly (lactic acid) or PLA was reinforced by nanocellulose and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which were introduced into PLA matrix from 0 to 3 wt.% to enhance compatibility and strength of the PLA. The nanocellulose was prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder and characterized by TEM, AFM, and XRD to reveal rod-like shaped nanocellulose with nanosized dimensions, high aspect ratio and high crystallinity. Films of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting method to evaluate the mechanical performance. It was found that the addition of PEG in nanocellulose-containing PLA films resulted in an increase in tensile modulus with only 1 wt% of PEG, where higher PEG concentrations negatively impacted the tensile strength. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were higher than the PLA/PEG composites due to the existence of nanocellulose chains. Visual traces of crazing were detailed to describe the deformation mechanism.

scholarly journals The Influence of Starch Origin on the Properties of Starch Films: Packaging Performance

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Żołek-Tryznowska ◽  
Alicja Kałuża
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Energy Surface ◽  
Free Energy Surface ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Starch Films

Starch films can be used as materials for food packaging purposes. The goal of this study is to compare how the starch origin influence the selected starch film properties. The films were made from various starches such as that from maize, potato, oat, rice, and tapioca using 50%w of glycerine as a plasticizer. The obtained starch-based films were made using the well-known casting method from a starch solution in water. The properties of the films that were evaluated were tensile strength, water vapour transition rate, moisture content, wettability, and their surface free energy. Surface free energy (SFE) and its polar and dispersive components were calculated using the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelbe approach. The values of SFE in the range of 51.64 to 70.81 mJ∙m−2 for the oat starch-based film and the maize starch-based film. The films revealed worse mechanical properties than those of conventional plastics for packaging purposes. The results indicated that the poorest tensile strength was exhibited by the starch-based films made from oat (0.36 MPa) and tapioca (0.78 MPa) and the greatest tensile strength (1.49 MPa) from potato.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver System Technology for Improving the Quality of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negisa Darajeh ◽  
Azni Idris ◽  
Paul Truong ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
System Technology ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a pollutant produced by the palm oil industry, was treated by the Vetiver system technology (VST). This technology was applied for the first time to treat POME in order to decrease biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two different concentrations of POME (low and high) were treated with Vetiver plants for 2 weeks. The results showed that Vetiver was able to reduce the BOD up to 90% in low concentration POME and 60% in high concentration POME, while control sets (without plant) only was able to reduce 15% of BOD. The COD reduction was 94% in low concentration POME and 39% in high concentration POME, while control just shows reduction of 12%. Morphologically, maximum root and shoot lengths were 70 cm, the number of tillers and leaves was 344 and 86, and biomass production was 4.1 kg m−2. These results showed that VST was effective in reducing BOD and COD in POME. The treatment in low concentration was superior to the high concentration. Furthermore, biomass of plant can be considered as a promising raw material for biofuel production while high amount of biomass was generated in low concentration of POME.

ARCHITECTURE OF FLOWER-LIKE rGO/CNTs-LOADED CuxO NANOPARTICLES AND ITS PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES

NANO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 08 (05) ◽  
pp. 1350052 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIN ZENG ◽  
XIAOHUA CHEN ◽  
XUTAO NING ◽  
CHUANSHENG CHEN ◽  
HUI LONG
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Photocatalytic Properties ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Time Scanning ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
First Time

Novel flower-like composite architecture was successfully synthesized by spray drying and post-calcinating method for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed that reduced graphene oxides/carbon nanotubes hybrid (rGO/CNTs) formed a flower-like micrometer structure and Cu2O , CuO ( Cu x O , x = 1 or 2) nanoparticles were decorated inside them. The photocatalytic properties were further investigated by evaluating the photodegradation of a pollutant methyl orange (MO). The experimental results indicated that this novel architecture enhanced photocatalytic performance with 96.2% decomposition of MO after 25 min in the presence of H 2 O 2 under visible light irradiation, which was much higher than that of Cu x O powders (33.2%). This could be attributed to the more efficient adsorption of MO molecules on flower-like rGO/CNTs and provide a high concentration of MO near to the Cu x O nanoparticles, thus promoting the photocatalytic degradation process.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Oil Palm Decanter Cake Natural Polymer Composite (OPDC-NPC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aqif Adam ◽  
Alawi Sulaiman ◽  
Che Mohd Som Said ◽  
Ayub M. Som ◽  
Azhari Samsu Bahruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Decanter Cake

Palm oil industry produces huge amount of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). Currently it is not yet commercialized however due to its characteristics, it can be used to produce oil palm decanter cake natural polymer composite (OPDC-NPC). NPC is a type of material made by combining natural fiber with polymer. Therefore the objective of this paper is to produce NPC from OPDC and then determine its mechanical and physical properties such as elasticity, stiffness, tensile strength and water absorption rate. The OPDC samples were collected from Felda Trolak Palm Oil Mill. Prior to NPC development, the oil was removed from OPDC using hexane soxhlet extraction method. OPDC-NPC was fabricated using molding method where the mixture of 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% OPDC were mixed using twin-screw extruder. The results showed that OPDC-NPC has an elasticity of 2231 MPa, stiffness of 30 MPa, tensile strength of 32 MPa and water absorption rate of 0.16 % which was slightly better with the other types of fibers.

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