scholarly journals Radiation-Induced Heart Disease: From Diagnosis to Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Budi Yuli Setianto ◽  
Andika Putra
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Accelerate Development ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Radiotherapy has become an important component of multimodal treatment of malignancy. After 50 years, there was a drastic increase in outcomes of patients with malignancy. However, improvement of the survival is also accompanied by some inevitable complications on cardiovascular system which are often called radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). RIHD comprises a spectrum of heart disease including pericardial disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, conduction system abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, and medium or large vessel vasculopathy. The underlying mechanisms include direct effects on function and structure of the heart, or accelerate development of cardiovascular disease, especially with the presence of previous cardiovascular risk factors. Recent studies have identified non-invasive methods for evaluation of RIHD. Furthermore, potential options preventing or at least attenuating RIHD have been developed. This review provides an overview of pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, management, and prevention of RIDH. Keywords: malignancy, radiotherapy, radiation - induced heart disease.

Radiation-induced heart disease: surveillance and management

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1153-1156
Author(s):  
Ersilia M. DeFilippis ◽  
Anju Nohria
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Radiation-induced heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. It encompasses many clinical entities, including pericardial disease, coronary artery disease, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, conduction system abnormalities, autonomic dysfunction, and peripheral vascular disease. As the cardiovascular effects of radiation manifest many years after treatment, long-term follow-up with regular screening is essential. This chapter reviews the epidemiology and pathogenesis of radiation-induced heart disease as well as existing consensus recommendations regarding surveillance and management.

Thrombolytic Efficacy Of Enoxaparin Compared With Unfractionated Heparins In Cardiac Emergency

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2002-2005
Author(s):  
M. Imran Ashraf ◽  
Shazana Rana ◽  
M. Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Adnan Afzal ◽  
Javaria Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Antithrombotic treatment with heparin together with antiplatelet agents reduces the incidence of ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. associated with fewer adverse reactions. Aim: To evaluate and compare the clinical and obtained results of the use of enoxaparin and standard unfractionated heparin in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: This is a non-invasive planned surveillance demonstration conducted at a tertiary hospital in Pakistan. Adult male and female patients with coronary artery infection (CAD) between the ages of 30 and 70 were recently analyzed or included patients with a history of heart cancer. The intermediate layer is injected with enoxaparin for 5 days. Resting the ECG position, prothrombin time, and ADRs were measured individually in all patients from 1 to 21 days. Result: Compared to the patient's unfractionated heparin, normal prothrombin times were generally higher (P and <0.002), while total hypokalemia was lower. (P and <0.04) in the patient's enoxaparin stratification. Angina pectoris and side effects such as death, morbidity, encephalopathy and sudden onset were less common in the patient's enoxaparin fraction than in the unfractionated heparin fraction, and the contrast was negligible Conclusions: Antithrombotic therapy with enoxaparin and aspirin is safer and more convincing than unfractionated heparin and headache drugs because it reduces the incidence of ischemic events in patients with unstable or tissue angina. The myocardium dies in the early stages. Keywords: Anticoagulant, coronary heart disease, enoxaparin, safety, and efficacy, unfractionated heparin

Radionuclide Imaging for Assessment of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Todd D Miller ◽  
J Wells Askew ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Spect Mpi ◽  
Spect Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Artery Disease

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia affecting more than 2 million adults in the US. There is a well-recognized association between atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular disease. Associated cardiovascular conditions include coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction (systolic and/or diastolic), valvular heart disease, pericardial disease, congenital heart disease and pulmonary embolus. Single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) can be useful for assessment of underlying CAD in patients with atrial fibrillation. The decision to employ SPECT MPI in an individual patient with atrial fibrillation should depend on the clinical characteristics of the patient that generally would warrant the use of a SPECT study and not solely on the presence of atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Pathomechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in radiation-induced heart disease: from bench to bedside

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márta Sárközy ◽  
Zoltán Varga ◽  
Renáta Gáspár ◽  
Gergő Szűcs ◽  
Mónika G. Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Molecular Pathomechanisms

AbstractCancer management has undergone significant improvements, which led to increased long-term survival rates among cancer patients. Radiotherapy (RT) has an important role in the treatment of thoracic tumors, including breast, lung, and esophageal cancer, or Hodgkin's lymphoma. RT aims to kill tumor cells; however, it may have deleterious side effects on the surrounding normal tissues. The syndrome of unwanted cardiovascular adverse effects of thoracic RT is termed radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), and the risk of developing RIHD is a critical concern in current oncology practice. Premature ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valve abnormalities, and electrical conduct defects are common forms of RIHD. The underlying mechanisms of RIHD are still not entirely clear, and specific therapeutic interventions are missing. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathomechanisms of acute and chronic RIHD and propose preventive measures and possible pharmacological strategies to minimize the burden of RIHD.

scholarly journals Radiation‐Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Review of an Underrecognized Pathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Belzile‐Dugas ◽  
Mark J. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Radiation therapy demonstrates a clear survival benefit in the treatment of several malignancies. However, cancer survivors can develop a wide array of cardiotoxic complications related to radiation. This pathology is often underrecognized by clinicians and there is little known on how to manage this population. Radiation causes fibrosis of all components of the heart and significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, valvulopathy, arrhythmias, and pericardial disease. Physicians should treat other cardiovascular risk factors aggressively in this population and guidelines suggest obtaining regular imaging once symptomatology is established. Patients with radiation‐induced cardiovascular disease tend to do worse than their traditional counterparts for the same interventions. However, there is a trend toward fewer complications and lower mortality with catheter‐based rather than surgical approaches, likely because radiation makes these patients poor surgical candidates. When appropriate, these patients should be referred for percutaneous management of valvulopathy and coronary disease.

scholarly journals A neutrosophic clinical decision-making system for cardiovascular diseases risk analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 7807-7829
Author(s):  
Shaista Habib ◽  
Wardat us Salam ◽  
M. Arif Butt ◽  
M. Akram ◽  
F. Smarandache
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Early diagnosis of heart disease can reduce this large number of deaths so that treatment can be carried out. Many decision-making systems have been developed, but they are too complex for medical professionals. To target these objectives, we develop an explainable neutrosophic clinical decision-making system for the timely diagnose of cardiovascular disease risk. We make our system transparent and easy to understand with the help of explainable artificial intelligence techniques so that medical professionals can easily adopt this system. Our system is taking thirty-five symptoms as input parameters, which are, gender, age, genetic disposition, smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, body mass index, depression, unhealthy diet, metabolic disorder, physical inactivity, pre-eclampsia, rheumatoid arthritis, coffee consumption, pregnancy, rubella, drugs, tobacco, alcohol, heart defect, previous surgery/injury, thyroid, sleep apnea, atrial fibrillation, heart history, infection, homocysteine level, pericardial cysts, marfan syndrome, syphilis, inflammation, clots, cancer, and electrolyte imbalance and finds out the risk of coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, heart attack, heart arrhythmia, peripheral artery disease, aortic disease, pericardial disease, deep vein thrombosis, heart valve disease, and heart failure. There are five main modules of the system, which are neutrosophication, knowledge base, inference engine, de-neutrosophication, and explainability. To demonstrate the complete working of our system, we design an algorithm and calculates its time complexity. We also present a new de-neutrosophication formula, and give comparison of our the results with existing methods.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as probable triggers of radiation-induced heart disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Luo ◽  
Chen Yan ◽  
Naoki Fuchi ◽  
Yukinobu Kodama ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
H9c2 Cells ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Radiation-induced heart disease has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also residing in the heart, are highly susceptible to radiation. We examined the hypothesis that the altered secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs is the trigger of radiation-induced heart disease. Methods By exposing human placental tissue-derived MSCs to 5 Gy γ-rays, we then isolated EVs from the culture medium 48 h later and evaluated the changes in quantity and quality of EVs from MSCs after radiation exposure. The biological effects of EVs from irradiated MSCs on HUVECs and H9c2 cells were also examined. Results Although the amount and size distribution of EVs did not differ between the nonirradiated and irradiated MSCs, miRNA sequences indicated many upregulated or downregulated miRNAs in irradiated MSCs EVs. In vitro experiments using HUVEC and H9c2 cells showed that irradiated MSC-EVs decreased cell proliferation (P < 0.01), but increased cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Moreover, irradiated MSC-EVs impaired the HUVEC tube formation and induced calcium overload in H9c2 cells. Conclusions EVs released from irradiated MSCs show altered miRNA profiles and harmful effects on heart cells, which provides new insight into the mechanism of radiation-related heart disease risks.

Integration Between Computed Tomography and Nuclear Medicine for Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Anatomy and Myocardial Perfusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Wanda Acampa ◽  
Mario Petretta ◽  
Carmela Nappi ◽  
Alberto Cuocolo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Anatomy ◽  
Non Invasive

Many non-invasive imaging techniques are available for the evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary heart disease. Among these, computed-tomography-based techniques allow the quantification of coronary atherosclerotic calcium and non-invasive imaging of coronary arteries, whereas nuclear cardiology is the most widely used non-invasive approach for the assessment of myocardial perfusion. The available single-photon-emission computed tomography flow agents are characterised by a cardiac uptake proportional to myocardial blood flow. In addition, different positron emission tomography tracers may be used for the quantitative measurement of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve. Extensive research is being performed in the development of non-invasive coronary angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging using cardiac magnetic resonance. Finally, new multimodality imaging systems have recently been developed bringing together anatomical and functional information. This article provides a description of the available non-invasive imaging techniques in the assessment of coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion in patients with known or suspected coronary heart disease.

Stress-induced Myocardial Ischaemia – Perfusion Contrast Echocardiography to Evaluate Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Benoy Nalin Shah ◽  
Roxy Senior ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Contrast Echocardiography ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Suspected Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agents ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Artery Disease

The development of stable transpulmonary ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) has allowed the echocardiographic assessment of myocardial perfusion, a technique known as myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). MCE exploits the ultrasonic properties of UCAs, which consist of acoustically active gas-filled microspheres. These are intravascular agents that have a rheology similar to red blood cells and thus allow analysis of myocardial blood flow both at rest and after stress. The combined assessment of wall motion and myocardial perfusion provides significant diagnostic and prognostic information during stress echocardiography. Functional imaging tests, such as myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, are also used for non-invasive assessment of coronary disease. The principal advantages of MCE are that it does not expose the patient to ionising radiation or radioactive pharmaceuticals, is not contraindicated in patients with an implanted metallic device or who suffer from claustrophobia and it can be performed at the bedside. The purpose of this article is to outline the physiological principles underpinning ischaemia testing with MCE before proceeding to review the evidence base for MCE in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document