scholarly journals Best Fitting Methods for The Mud Profile Equations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
A Perwira Mulia Tarigan ◽  
Hasanul Arifin Purba
Keyword(s):  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Shoreline Stabilization ◽  
Wave Energy Dissipation ◽  
Profile Equation ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Characteristic Features

In order to understand the dynamics of shoreline changes due to natural and anthropogenic causes, it is imperative for a coastal manager to comprehend the shore profile characteristics which are dependent on the sediment-wave interaction and can be depicted in a profile equation. Moreover, it is possible to derive the power form for the profile equation of a sandy coast based on the argument of wave energy dissipation per unit bed area and unit time. By using this same argument and considering the phenomenon that the main cause of wave damping over a muddy coast is due to energy absorption by the soft mud bottom, the mud profile equation can also be formulated. The aim of this study was to observe the mud profile equation geometry using best fitting method and to compare the characteristic features of the mud profiles using the field observation data. Shore profile data were measured from the muddy coast of Pantai Cermin in the eastern coast of North Sumatera Province. The data obtained were fitted to both the sand and mud profile equations. The procedures and results of the two best fitting methods, the nonlinear regression and the least square based trial and error search, were exhibited and compared. Several noteworthy features of the mud profile equation were found to be the same with the sand profile equation in describing the profile data. In order to provide a better profile and shoreline stabilization, it is recommended to use more complete observation data and good knowledge of shore profile by the coastal manager.

Towards Managing Organizational Change: An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Abdullahi Bambale ◽  
Saheed Ademola Lateef ◽  
Ibrahim Abdulmalik
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between trust buildings, motivating employees, and employee commitment toward organizational change. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to gather data. The study provides a basic understanding of organizational change. Through systemic, theoretical, and conceptual understanding, the arguments of the study are built on the importance of communication in the organization and how in bringing organizational change. The current study proposed that trust-building, employee motivation, and employee commitment will be related to organizational change. A total of 292 copies of completed questionnaires were returned, representing 90.7% of the total questionnaire distribution to both managers and owners of manufacturing firms. Out of which, only 275 questionnaires were usable for the analysis after removing incomplete data and outliers. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze as a popularly accepted model to justify the theory with the observation data. The study results revealed that trust-building, employee motivation and employee commitment have significant effects on organizational change. The current study also claims the importance of collaboration within employees of any organization at the level of transition. The current study will help professionals and academics and enhancing their leadership abilities, it will benefit and inspire trust members to show better outcomes. However, it is recommended that further research is needed in this direction to confirm the result of this study. Finally, this study concludes that trust-building, employee commitment and employee motivation play a significant role in organizational change.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DIMENSI DIMENSI IKLIM ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DI BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAERAH PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amri Fuadi ◽  
Hermanto Hermanto ◽  
Lalu Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Pls Analysis

This research is directed to prove the significance of the influence of organizational climate dimensions in the form of physical environment (X1), social environment (X2) and management system (X3) on the dimensions of employee performance in the form of employee work goals (Y1) and employee work behavior (PKP). There are six hypotheses that are proven through a partial least square (PLS) analysis process. The population of this study (observation data) was 82 BKD NTB employees. Data was collected through questionnaires and all questionnaires returned in accordance with data input needs. Through the outer model stage there are two indicators of the social environment that are issued, namely the relationship of superiors with subordinates (LS1) and colleague relations (LS2) as well as two indicators of employee work behavior, namely commitment (PKP3) and leadership (PKP6). Indicators that are classified as valid get a reinforcement of criteria through the parameter AVE values above 0.50 and include reliable indicators through Cronbach's alpha parameters and composite reliability above 0.70. PLS analysis through the inner model stage found that all dimensions of the organization's climate have a positive influence (positive sign of the path coefficient) on the dimensions of employee performance.Keywords : Organizational Climate Dimensions and Employee Performance Dimensions.

scholarly journals A Systematic Study of the Best Fitting Line Problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Gambirasio
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractThe classical approach for tackling the problem of drawing the 'best fitting line' through a plot of experimental points (here called a scenario) is the least square process applied to the errors along the vertical axis. However, more elaborate processes exist or may be found. In this report, we present a comprehensive study on the subject. Five possible processes are identified: two of them (respectively called VE, HE) measure errors along one axis, and the remaining three (respectively called YE, PE, and AE) take into consideration errors along both axes. Since the axes and their corresponding errors may have different physical dimensions, a procedure is proposed to compensate for this difference so that all processes could express their answers in the same consistent dimensions. As usual, to avoid mutual cancellation, errors are squared or taken in their absolute value. The two cases are separately studied.In the case of squared errors, the five processes are tested in many scenarios of experimental points, both analytically (using the software Mathematica) and numerically (with programs written on Python platform employing the Nelder-Mead optimization method). The investigation showed the possible existence of multiple solutions. Different answers originating from different starting points in Nelder?Mead correspond to solutions revealed by analytic search with Mathematica. For each scenario of experimental points, it was found that the best lines of the five processes intercept at a common point. Furthermore, the point of intercept happens to coincide with the 'center of mass' of the scenario. This fact is described by stating the existence of an empirical 'Meeting Point Law'. The case of absolute errors is only treated numerically, with Nelder?Mead minimizer. As expected, the absolute error option shows greater robustness against outliers than the square error option, for all processes. The Meeting Point Law is not valid in this case.By taking the value of minimized error as a criterion, the five processes are compared for efficiency. On average, processes PE and AE, that consider errors along both axes, resulted in the smallest minimized error and may be considered the best processes. Processes that rely on errors along a single axis (VE, HE) stay at the second place. In all cases, YE is the process that results in the largest minimized errors

scholarly journals Near-Real-Time Surface-Based CAPE from Merged Hyperspectral IR Satellite Sounder and Surface Meteorological Station Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callyn Bloch ◽  
Robert O. Knuteson ◽  
Antonia Gambacorta ◽  
Nicholas R. Nalli ◽  
Jessica Gartzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Surface Observation ◽  
Polar Orbiting Satellite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface Observations

AbstractNear-real-time satellite-derived temperature and moisture soundings provide information about the changing atmospheric vertical thermodynamic structure occurring between successive routine National Weather Service (NWS) radiosonde launches. In particular, polar-orbiting satellite soundings become critical to the computation of stability indices over the central United States in the midafternoon, when there are no operational NWS radiosonde launches. Accurate measurements of surface temperature and dewpoint temperature are key in the calculation of severe weather indices, including surface-based convective available potential energy (SBCAPE). This paper addresses a shortcoming of current operational infrared-based satellite soundings, which underestimate the surface parcel temperature and dewpoint when CAPE is nonzero. This leads to a systematic underestimate of SBCAPE. This paper demonstrates a merging of satellite-derived vertical profiles with surface observations to address this deficiency for near-real-time applications. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS) hourly surface observation data are blended with satellite soundings derived using the NOAA Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) to create a greatly improved SBCAPE calculation. This study is not intended to validate NUCAPS or the combined NUCAPS + MADIS product, but to demonstrate the benefits of combining observational weather satellite profile data and surface observations. Two case studies, 18 June 2017 and 3 July 2017, are used in this study to illustrate the success of the combined NUCAPS + MADIS SBCAPE compared to the NUCAPS-only SBCAPE estimate. In addition, a 6-month period, April–September 2018, was analyzed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of using surface observations in satellite SBCAPE calculations. To address the need for reduced data latency, a near-real-time merged satellite and surface observation product is demonstrated using NUCAPS products from the Community Satellite Processing Package (CSPP) applied to direct broadcast data received at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Hampton University in Virginia, and the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California. Through this study, it is found that the combination of the MADIS surface observation data and the NUCAPS satellite profile data improves the SBCAPE estimate relative to comparisons with the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) mesoscale analysis and the NAM analysis compared to the NUCAPS-only SBCAPE estimate. An assessment of the 6-month period between April and September 2018 determined the dry bias in NUCAPS at the surface is the primary cause of the underestimation of the NUCAPS-only SBCAPE estimate.

scholarly journals Improved Ultra-Rapid UT1-UTC Determination and Its Preliminary Impact on GNSS Satellite Ultra-Rapid Orbit Determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Fei Ye ◽  
Yunbin Yuan ◽  
Zhiguo Deng
Keyword(s):  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Combination Model ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Traditional Strategy

Errors in ultra-rapid UT1-UTC primarily affect the overall rotation of spatial datum expressed by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite ultra-rapid orbit. In terms of existing errors of traditional strategy, e.g., piecewise linear functions, for ultra-rapid UT1-UTC determination, and the requirement to improve the accuracy and consistency of ultra-rapid UT1-UTC, the potential to improve the performance of ultra-rapid UT1-UTC determination based on an LS (Least Square) + AR (Autoregressive) combination model is explored. In this contribution, based on the LS+AR combination model and by making joint post-processing/rapid UT1-UTC observation data, we propose a new strategy for ultra-rapid UT1-UTC determination. The performance of the new strategy is subsequently evaluated using data provided by IGS (International GNSS Services), iGMAS (international GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System), and IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service). Compared to the traditional strategy, the numerical results over more than 1 month show that the new strategy improved ultra-rapid UT1-UTC determination by 29–43%. The new strategy can provide a reference for GNSS data processing to improve the performance of ultra-rapid products.

Non linear inversion of gravity gradients and the GGI gradiometer

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manik Talwani
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Procedure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Gravity Gradients ◽  
Linear Inversion ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Differential Curvature ◽  
Fitting Model

AbstractAll gradiometers currently operating for exploration in the field are based on Lockheed Martin’s GGI gradiometer. The working of this gradiometer is described and a method for robust non linear inversion of gravity gradients is presented. The inversion method involves obtaining the gradient response of a trial body consisting of vertical rectangular prisms. The inversion adjusts the depth to the tops or bases of the prisms. In the trial model all the prisms are not required to have the same area of cross section or the same density (which can also be allowed to vary with depth). The depth to the tops and bottoms of each prism can also be different. This response is compared with the observed values of gradient and through an iterative procedure, the difference is minimized in a least square sense to arrive at a best fitting model by varying the position of the tops or bottoms of the prisms. Each gradient can be individually inverted or one or more gradients can be jointly inverted. The method is extended to invert gravity values individually or jointly with gradient values. The use of Differential Curvature, a quantity which is directly obtained by current gradiometers in use and which is an invariant under a rotation in the horizontal plane, is emphasized. Synthetic examples as well as a field example of inversion are given.

scholarly journals Overcoming the Existence of Extreme Outlier Data by Using Robust MM Method Based on The Objective Function of Tukey bisquare

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 022-032
Author(s):  
Science Nature
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Breakdown Point ◽  
Error Component ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Extreme Outlier

A widely used estimation method in estimating regression model parameters is the ordinary least square (OLS) that minimizes the sum of the error squares. In addition to the ease of computing, OLS is a good unbiased estimator as long as the error component assumption ()  in the given model is met. However, in the application, it is often encountered violations of assumptions. One of the violation types is the violation of distributed error assumption which is caused by the existence of the outlier on observation data. Thus, a solid method is required to overcome the existence of outlier, that is Robust Regression. One of the Robust Regression methods commonly used is robust MM method. Robust MM method is a combination of breakdown point and high efficiency. Results obtained based on simulated data generated using SAS software 9.2, shows that the use of objective weighting function tukey bisquare is able to overcome the existence of extreme outlier. Furthermore, it is determined that the value of tuning constant c with Robust MM method is 4.685 and it is obtained95% of efficiency. Thus, the obtained breakdown point is 50%.    

scholarly journals Application of Horton’s infiltration model for the soil of Dediapada (Gujarat), India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254-1258
Author(s):  
M H Fadadu ◽  
P K Shrivastava ◽  
D K Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Model ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
A Site

The design and evaluation of surface irrigation systems of a site requires reliable data of infiltration which could be provided by an infiltration model. In this study, Horton’s infiltration model has been estimated for the soil located in a field of College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dediapada, Gujarat using the infiltration data obtained from several locations in the field using double ring infiltrometer. The decay constant of the Horton’s infiltration model was obtained using graphical method and also by using semi-log plot of t (time) vs. (f – fc), where f is the infiltration rate (mm/hr) and fc is the initial rate of infiltration capacity (mm/hr). The potential of the Horton’s infiltration model so obtained was evaluated by least square fitting with the observed infiltration data. The Horton’s infiltration model was used to estimate infiltration rate (mm/hr) and cumulative infiltration (cm). The Horton’s model for infiltration rate obtained by semi-log plot method was obtained as i=20 + 94 e-1.02t, where i=infiltration rate (mm/hr) and t= time (min). The coefficient of determination obtained when the infiltration model was applied to observation data taken at various points in the field were found to 0.96. Therefore, it could be inferred that the Horton’s infiltration model could give a reliable estimate of infiltration for the soil of Dediapada.  

scholarly journals Tsunami hazard mapping methodology and its implementation for the Far Eastern coast of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Shokin ◽  
V. K. Gusiakov ◽  
V. A. Kikhtenko ◽  
L. B. Chubarov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment ◽  
Far Eastern

The overview maps of tsunami hazard for the Far East coast of Russian Federation are created. The methodological basis of the PTHA (Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment) approach are discussed, as well as the problems of constructing seismotectonic models of the main tsunamigenic zones, mathematical models and algorithms for calculating probability estimates of tsunami hazard, and some problems of applying the RTHA methodology both related to the lack of observation data and with the complexity of performing a large amount of scenario calculations. Examples of overview tsunami hazard maps for various recurrence intervals, constructed using the PTHA methodology and presented using the WTMap application, are given.

WAVE MIXING IN A BULK PHOTOREFRACTIVE MEDIUM: SPATIOTEMPORAL STRUCTURES AND AMPLITUDE EQUATIONS

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2823-2836
Author(s):  
O. SANDFUCHS ◽  
F. KAISER ◽  
M. R. BELIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Landau Equation ◽  
Beam Propagation Method ◽  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Transverse Dimension ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Transverse Beam ◽  
First Results ◽  
Reflection Gratings ◽  
Bulk Medium ◽  
Characteristic Features

The counterpropagation of two laser beams through wave mixing in nonlinear optics may lead to spatiotemporal structures in the transverse beam profiles. We theoretically investigate the self-organization process of structures that arise in a photorefractive wave-mixing configuration with an external feedback mirror. The characteristic features mediated through the wave interaction in a bulk medium are discussed. Our group developed a beam propagation method that enabled us to perform numerical simulations beyond the first instability threshold. Primary and secondary spatiotemporal patterns, caused by the sluggish temporal response of the crystal in building reflection gratings, are observed. Analytically a Ginzburg–Landau equation for the order parameter and the corresponding longitudinal eigenfunctions of transverse modes, governing the propagation of the structures through the crystal, are derived and compared with our numerical results in one transverse dimension. First results of hexagonal patterns in two transverse dimensions are also presented.

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