scholarly journals Characterizing Land Use Systems within Awoja Watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Charles Aben ◽  
John James Okiror ◽  
Jacob Godfrey Agea ◽  
Esbern Friis Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions

This manuscript analyses trends in land use changes in Awoja Watershed with the aim of exploring the underlying causes of degradation in this watershed within the context of frequent draughts and floods. Changing trends of land use characteristics were used as indicators of ineffectiveness of control of access to resource use in the watershed. The study was carried out in the districts of Katakwi, Amuria and Sorotiin Eastern Uganda where the watershed is experiencing increasing trends of degradation despite the presence of elaborate watershed management institutions. The study used Remote Sensing, and focus group discussions to acquire relevant data on land use changes and their perceived causes. Perceptions of respondents on the effectiveness of the local governance processes were generated. The findings show increase in built-up areas from 0.21% between 1986-1996; to 3.28 between 2006 and 2016 and a notable decrease in forest cover from 107.48 Km2 in 1,986 to 6.94 Km2 by 2016. The results also show a dramatic increase in small scale farming area from 629.44 Km2 to 2,376.64 Km2 from 1986-2016 while the area of wetland reduced from 2,810.47 Km2 to 1,355 Km2over the same period. Results from focus group discussions revealed that although climatic and demographic factors were responsible for land use changes in Awoja, control of access to natural resources was inadequate to stop degradation. Climatic factors mentioned included increased frequency of floods and draughts that were perceived to have been responsible for changes in vegetation cover, water levels and infrastructure. Socio economic factors driving the changes in land use included increased cultivation of wetlands and communal land, increased sale of fuel wood, charcoal and sand, increased migration of cattle herders into the watershed during draughts and out of it during floods and increased fishing. While climatic factors were important, socio political factors such as displacements of communities, resettlements in the fragile environment brought about by government efforts to demarcate wetlands and wild life conservation areas were cited as drivers of degradation. The study concludes that besides climatic factors, inadequate management of access to resources was contributing to degradation of the watershed.

Women’s Struggle for a Voice in Local Governance: Challenges for Veiled Women in Haryana, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097152152110305
Author(s):  
Saroj Rani
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Experiences Of Women

This study explores the experiences of women as voters and political representatives at the local level. It includes women’s stories which capture the challenges they faced, their resistance and aspiration for change. The study also looks at men’s perception of women’s political participation. The study uses a feminist perspective with qualitative methods. Tools such as in-depth interview, focus group discussions and observations were used to gather data and information.

scholarly journals Crop Boom as a Trigger of Smallholder Livelihood and Land Use Transformations: The Case of Coffee Production in the Northern Mountain Region of Vietnam

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuyen Nghiem ◽  
Yasuyuki Kono ◽  
Stephen J. Leisz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Agricultural Transition ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Agrarian Transformation

Coffee is considered a boom crop in Southeast Asia. However, while it bears typical boom crop characteristics in many places where it has been grown, in other places it has contributed to agrarian transformation. This paper examines the context of coffee development in the Northwestern Mountain Region of Vietnam and describes how smallholder coffee growing has triggered an agricultural transition process, and corresponding land use changes, from subsistence-based to commercialized agriculture production. The research was conducted in a commune located in Son La province. Interviews with 46 selected households and three focus group discussions (10–15 people each) were conducted to understand changes in crop systems, corresponding land use, and labor use, due to the adoption of coffee (the boom crop). The research found that coffee has replaced swidden crops and enables a multicrop system, with less land devoted to swidden land use. The income from coffee is used to hire labor and to pay for the inputs needed to mechanize rice farming. The research findings show that the coffee boom has brought about livelihood transformation, changed land use, and transformed local livelihoods from subsistence to production for the market.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE NEIGHBOURHOOD CHOICE DECISIONS OF MOVERS: AN ANALYSIS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Sultan ◽  
Mehdi Moeinaddini ◽  
Zohreh Asadi-Shekari ◽  
Muhammad Zaly Shah
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions

Using a qualitative methods approach, this study explores the key factors that influence household neighbourhood choice. Three newly developed residential neighbourhoods have been studied to examine resident decision making around their neighbourhood preferences. Four focus group (n = 4) discussions with 29 individuals who were recent movers to the study areas were conducted to examine the reasons behind neighbourhood choice and the needs of the household. The results revealed that household neighbourhood choice decisions were multi-faceted and complex. The key findings can be classified into six categories: safety, residential environment, neighbourhood facilities, accessibility, economic and demographic factors. Residents emphasised that the combination of land-use and transportation planning may be one important part of multi-layered solutions to improve quality of life in residential neighbourhoods. 

scholarly journals Management of Village Treasury Land Based on Bamboo Agroforestry

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
E Fauziyah ◽  
T S Widyaningsih ◽  
D P Kuswantoro ◽  
Sanudin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

Abstract Village land is widely used for agricultural cultivation activities. However, if it is not managed properly, it can turn into critical land that eventually needs to be rehabilitated to function optimally. The agroforestry approach to land restoration is becoming increasingly popular. This study aims to determine the management of village treasury lands and the application of bamboo agroforestry in managing village treasury lands. The research was conducted in November 2015 and February 2021. The methods used were interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), observations and surveys of farmers’ land. The data obtained were processed and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the management of the village treasury land was given to tenants with a rental system, where farmers who worked on farmers’ land were required to pay rent to the village government. The pattern of village land use is dominated by monoculture agriculture with seasonal crops such as corn, peanuts, red potatoes, and coffee. To optimize the land management of the village treasury, it also carried out activities through various programs such as reforestation, planting fruit and timber, but did not achieve success. The development of bamboo agroforestry is an alternative for managing village treasury land while still accommodating economic and ecological interests.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Performance Assessment of Mychew Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, North Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 549-561
Author(s):  
Efriem Tariku Kassa ◽  
Mekonen Ayana
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

Performances assessment of irrigation schemes network is very essential in taking different water management strategies. However, the performance of Mychew irrigation scheme was not assessed and hence, this research was undertaken to assess the hydraulic performance of Mychew small scale irrigation scheme. Moreover, identification of the cause and effect for mal-functionality of irrigation structures was also another objective of this study. Hence, comprehensive field observations, measurements and focus group discussions were held to investigate hydraulic performance, cause and effect of failed hydraulic structures. Simple descriptive statistics was employed for analysis of the data collected from focus group discussions and observations. Eight performance indicators were used to assess the performance of this irrigation scheme. Several factors such as sedimentation, design problem, damage of sluice gates, abstraction of irrigation water by unwanted plants has been identified for mal-functionality of different structures. There were problems in irrigation adequacy (0.75) and equity (0.28) of irrigation water was categorized as poor, while good and fair for dependability (0.08) and irrigation efficiency (0.79), respectively. The average water surface elevation ratio, delivery performance ratio, and delivery duration ratio of the main canal during the monitoring period was less than one, greater than 5% and 150%, respectively. The highest sediment accumulation was observed at head and middle reaches of the irrigation scheme than the tail reaches. Generally, there were a number of irrigation structures which was mal-functioned in this irrigation scheme. Now it needs sustainable solution to improve the performance of the irrigation scheme. Therefore, it was recommended that water should be fairly distributed spatially and temporally. Additionally, capacity building and awareness creation to concerned bodies holds the key to bring a difference in irrigation water management in this irrigation scheme.

scholarly journals PKM KULINER MAKANAN KECIL DI JALAN BIBIS RAYA KASIHAN BANTUL DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Barbara Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Discussion Group ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Special Region

Abstrak Sasaran program PKM ini adalah kelompok masyarakat usaha kecil/industri rumahan penjual dan pembuat makanan kecil. Tujuan program adalah untuk mengembangkan masyarakat yang mandiri secara ekonomi. Mitra usaha dalam program ini adalah usaha kecil pembuatan dan penjualan kue kecil.  Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Mitra 1 dan Mitra 2 adalah a) Tempat penyajian makanan yang kurang layak dan tidak rapi, b) Tidak ada identitas nama toko, c) meja etalase yang kurang memadai, d) perlengkapan dari pembuat makanan yang kurang layak dan bukan food grade, e) Pencatatan yang belum rapi, dan f) kurangnya edukasi tentang kebersihan. Target dan luaran yang dihasilkan dari program pengabdian masyarakat PKM Kuliner Makanan Kecil di Jalan Bibis Raya Kasihan Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta adalah  a) Tempat penyajian makanan yang layak dan rapi, b) Ada banner, spanduk, dan taplak meja dengan informasi nama toko, c) Meja etalase yang rapi dan bersih, d) Tempat makanan dari supplier yang tertutup dan ada simbol food grade, e) Pencatatan yang rapi, dan f) Pemahaman akan kebersihan penyajian dan lingkungan sekitar toko. Metode yang  dipakai untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah a) Pengadaan tempat penyajian makanan, b) Perancangan dan pembuatan banner, spanduk, dan taplak meja, c) Pengadaan meja etalase yang rapi, d) Pengadaan tempat makanan untuk supplier, e) Pelatihan pencatatan keuangan, dan f) Focus discussion group tentang kebersihan penyajian dan lingkungan sekitar toko. Hasil akhir dari program ini adalah tempat penyajian makanan yang rapi, terpasang spanduk dan taplak meja dengan identitas Mitra; tersedia meja yang rapi, tersedia tempat makanan dengan simbol food grade, terselenggara pelatihan pencatatan keuangan, dan terselenggara focus discussion group. Setelah adanya identitas toko, sudah terjadi beberapa kali pesanan snack box yang tentunya akan meningkatkan pendapatan Mitra.     Abstract The target of the PKM program is the community groups of small businesses / home industry sellers and small food makers. The aim of the program is to develop economically independent communities. Business partners in this program are small businesses making and selling small cakes. Problems faced by Partner 1 and Partner 2 are a) Inadequate and untidy food presentation, b) No store name identity, c) inadequate storefront table, d) equipment from food manufacturers that are not appropriate and not food grade, e) Recording is not neat, and f) lack of education about cleanliness. The targets and outcomes generated from the Community Service Program for Small-scale Food Culinary Workers at Jalan Bibis Raya Kasihan Bantul Special Region of Yogyakarta are a) A decent and neat place for serving food, b) There are banners, banners and tablecloths with information on store names, c) A neat and clean storefront table, d) Food stalls from suppliers are closed and there is a symbol of food grade, e) neat recording, and f) An understanding of the cleanliness of the presentation and the environment around the store.The method used to achieve these objectives is a) Procurement of food serving places, b) Design and manufacture of banners, banners and tablecloths, c) Procurement of a neat storefront table, d) Procurement of food containers for suppliers, e) Training in financial records, and f) Focus group discussions about the cleanliness of the presentation and the environment around the store. The end result of this program is a neat place for serving food, with banners and tablecloths with a Partner identity; neat tables are available, there are food places with food grade symbols, financial record training is held, and focus group discussions are held. After the existence of the store identity, snack box orders have occurred several times which will certainly increase Partner's income.  

Dari Idealisme ke Pragmatisme: Pergeseran Paradigma dalam Pengembangan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Addiarrahman Addiarrahman ◽  
Illy Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Business World ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Legal Consideration ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Islamic Economic

This study seeks to understand the pragmatism of the development of sharia economic law, and its implications for Islamic financial products in Indonesia. The data comes from the results of interviews and focus group discussions with key informants from academics, practitioners, authorities, and the public. This research finds that pragmatism in the development of Islamic economic law is an approach that still dominates the DSN-MUI fatwas. The pragmatism style used is complex-eclectic pragmatism which is represented through makhārij al-fiqhiyyah, which is to choose a mild opinion by sticking to the strongest method or also called "taysīr al-manhajī". The use of this method is intended to ensure that the fatwa is truly able to answer the needs of the business world, as well as being in line with sharia principles. DSN-MUI also does not use maslahah as a legal consideration in a free or liberal way. Rather, it returns maslahah in consideration of the method, so that it is permissible to use the bay’ al-'inān contract only in a forced state (ḍarurah).

scholarly journals “Stages of change, smoking behavior and acceptability of a textmessaging intervention for tobacco cessation among cigarette, dokha and shishasmokers: A qualitative research study.”

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusra Elhidaia Elobaid ◽  
Andrea Leinberger Jabari ◽  
Aisha Al Hamiz ◽  
Abdul Rizzak Al Kaddour ◽  
Sherif Bakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions

ObjectivesTo explore: (A) the underlying motivators and barriers to smoking cessation among young Arabic speaking smokers and (B) to examine the suitability and preferences for tobacco cessation interventions (specifically text messages) and study the possibility of enrollment methods for a randomised controlled study using text messages as an intervention for tobacco cessation.DesignQualitative research using focus group discussions and content analysis.Setting(s)Two universities, one of them is the first and foremost comprehensive national university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The third setting is the largest hospital in the UAE and the flagship institution for the public health system in the emirate of Abu Dhabi.ParticipantsSix focus group discussions with a total of 57 participants. Forty-seven men and 10 women. Fifty-three of them were current smokers.ResultsThe analysis of six focus groups was carried out. Main themes arose from the data included: preferences for tobacco cessation interventions and acceptability and feasibility of text messaging as tobacco cessation intervention. Different motives and barriers for quitting smoking including shisha and dokha were explored.ConclusionInterventions using text messaging for smoking cessation have not been used in the Middle East and they could potentially be effective; however, tailoring and closely examining the content and acceptability of text messages to be used is important before the conduction of trials involving their use. Social media is perceived to be more effective and influential, with a higher level of penetration into communities of young smokers.

scholarly journals Perspectives of future pharmacists on the potential for development and implementation of pharmacist prescribing in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Mohammad Issam Diab ◽  
Angham Ibrahim ◽  
Oraib Abdallah ◽  
Alla El-Awaisi ◽  
Monica Zolezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharmacist Prescribing ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Special Training Program

AbstractBackground Pharmacists in many developed countries have been granted prescribing authorities under what is known as “non-medical prescribing” or “pharmacist prescribing”. However, such prescribing privileges are not available in many developing countries. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the perspectives of future pharmacists (recent pharmacy graduates and pharmacy students) on pharmacist prescribing and its potential implementation in Qatar. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used: (1) a cross-sectional survey using a pre-tested questionnaire and; (2) focus group discussions to allow for an in-depth understanding of the issue, with a focus on pharmacists prescribing competencies as well as barriers for its implementation. Main outcome measures Future pharmacists’ perspectives and attitudes towards pharmacist prescribing in Qatar. Results The majority of the respondents (94.4%) indicated awareness of the prescribing competency related to selecting treatment options. Furthermore, the majority (92.4%) believed that pharmacists should undergo prescribing training and accreditation before been legally allowed to prescribe, a point that was reiterated in the focus group discussions. Participants generally expressed support for collaborative and supplementary prescribing models when developing prescribing frameworks for Qatar. Four categories emerged under the theme barriers to implementation of pharmacist prescribing: lack of prescribing competency, pharmacist mindset, lack of accessibility to patient records and counseling rooms, and diversity of education and training background. Conclusion The majority of recent pharmacy graduates and students were in favor of pharmacist prescribing been implemented in Qatar. However, a special training program was deemed necessary to qualify pharmacists to prescribe safely and effectively.

scholarly journals Nairobi Early Childcare in Slums (NECS) Study Protocol: a mixed-methods exploration of paid early childcare in Mukuru slum, Nairobi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000822
Author(s):  
Robert C Hughes ◽  
Patricia Kitsao-Wekulo ◽  
Sunil Bhopal ◽  
Elizabeth W Kimani-Murage ◽  
Zelee Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Early Childcare ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Childcare Providers

IntroductionThe early years are critical. Early nurturing care can lay the foundation for human capital accumulation with lifelong benefits. Conversely, early adversity undermines brain development, learning and future earning.Slums are among the most challenging places to spend those early years and are difficult places to care for a child. Shifting family and work structures mean that paid, largely informal, childcare seems to be becoming the ‘new normal’ for many preschool children growing up in rapidly urbanising Africa. However, little is known about the quality of this childcare.AimsTo build a rigorous understanding what childcare strategies are used and why in a typical Nairobi slum, with a particular focus on provision and quality of paid childcare. Through this, to inform evaluation of quality and design and implementation of interventions with the potential to reach some of the most vulnerable children at the most critical time in the life course.Methods and analysisMixed methods will be employed. Qualitative research (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) with parents/carers will explore need for and decision-making about childcare. A household survey (of 480 households) will estimate the use of different childcare strategies by parents/carers and associated parent/carer characteristics. Subsequently, childcare providers will be mapped and surveyed to document and assess quality of current paid childcare. Semistructured observations will augment self-reported quality with observable characteristics/practices. Finally, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with childcare providers will explore their behaviours and motivations. Qualitative data will be analysed through thematic analysis and triangulation across methods. Quantitative and spatial data will be analysed through epidemiological methods (random effects regression modelling and spatial statistics).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted in the UK and Kenya. Findings will be disseminated through journal publications, community and government stakeholder workshops, policy briefs and social media content.

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