scholarly journals GEL NANOEMULSION OF RAMBUTAN (NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM L.) FRUIT PEEL EXTRACTS: FORMULATION, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, SUNSCREEN PROTECTING, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhtadi Muhtadi ◽  
Andi Suhendi ◽  
Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Image ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Branded Product

  Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the optimum formulation of gel nanoemulsion of the rambutan fruit peel extracts (RFPEs), sunscreen protecting factor, and antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) methods.Materials and Methods: Formulation was optimized based on the variety of concentrations of RFPE, namely, 0.25%; 0.38%; 0.51%; and 0.63%. Gel nanoemulsion was characterized based on a number of the physical and chemical properties, such as pH, viscosity, adhesion, spread property, stability, and particle size. Sunscreen protecting factor and antioxidant activity were conducted using spectrophotometer ultraviolet-visible.Results: The result showed that the particle size of gel nanoemulsion formulation 1 (FI), FII, FIII, and FIV were at 13.30±4.00 nm, 1.90±9.70 nm, 2.70±13.60 nm, and 14.50±2.50 nm, respectively. Based on transmission electron microscopy image, it showed that formula with the concentration of 0.25% of RFPE could form nanoemulsion particle aggregate with good dispersion. The varied concentrations of RFPE statistically indicated no significant differences among adhesive, spread property, and viscosity of all formulas. Formula 1 showed the highest sunscreen protecting factor with the value of sun-protecting factor at 6.450±0.002, followed by F4, F3, and F2 with the values in sequence at 9.370±0.002, 10.120±0.001, and 13.120±0.001, respectively. The antiradical activity of the gel nanoemulsion RFPE with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value was at 9.32±0.05 μg/ mL. Meanwhile, the higher value of branded product and Vitamin E, which IC50 were 40.41±0.97 and 10.41±0.05 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, gel nanoemulsion of RFPE had the lowest inhibition on FTC method. The highest inhibition potency was showed by Vitamin E (79.07±7.62%), followed by branded product (60.07±13.23%) as comparison.Conclusions: The gel nanoemulsion of RFPEs of FIII had a good physical stability and sunscreen protection activity. The antioxidant activity of gel nanoemulsion of RFPE by DPPH and FTC methods were IC50 value of 9.32±0.05 μg/mL and % inhibition of 51.09±0.99%. 

Astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsions preparation using spontaneous microemulsification technique: optimization and their physico–chemical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedalireza Mortazavi Tabrizi ◽  
Afshin Javadi ◽  
Navideh Anarjan ◽  
Seyyed Javid Mortazavi Tabrizi ◽  
Hamid Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Minimum Particle Size ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Technique Optimization

AbstractGarlic oil in water nanoemulsion was resulted through subcritical water method (temperature of 120 °C and pressure of 1.5 bar, for 2 h), using aponin, as emulsifier. Based on the prepared garlic oil nanoemulsion, astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsions were prepared using spontaneous microemulsification technique. Response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of independent variables namely, amount of garlic oil nanoemulsion (1–9 mL) and amount of provided astaxanthin powder (1–9 g) on particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulted nanoemulsions. Results of optimization indicated that well dispersed and spherical nanodroplets were formed in the nanoemulsions with minimum particle size (76 nm) and polydispersity index (PDI, 0.358) and maximum zeta potential value (−8.01 mV), using garlic oil nanoemulsion amount of 8.27 mL and 4.15 g of astaxanthin powder. Strong antioxidant activity (>100%) of the prepared astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsion, using obtained optimum amounts of the components, could be related to the highest antioxidant activity of the colloidal astaxanthin (>100%) as compared to that of the garlic oil nanoemulsion (16.4%). However, higher bactericidal activity of the resulted nanoemulsion against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were related to the main sulfur bioactive components of the garlic oil in which their main functional groups were detected by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy.

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF SERUM GEL CONTAINING ANGELICA KEISKEI LEAF EXTRACT AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND TYROSINASE ENZYME INHIBITOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
DIAH LIA AULIFA ◽  
RIZKA Y. NOERFITRI ◽  
DEBY TRISTIYANTI ◽  
ARIF BUDIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Angelica Keiskei ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Skin Lightening

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the efficacy of Angelica keiskei (AK) leaf extract in serum gel as an antioxidant and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor. Methods: The leaves of AK were extracted using the maceration method, while the antioxidant and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and L-Tyrosine as assay and substrate, respectively. Subsequently, the extract was formulated into serum gel and evaluated for physical stability, antioxidant and inhibitory activity to tyrosinase enzyme. Results: The results showed that AK leaf extract has antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value = 7.73 mg/ml, while the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory power had an IC50 value = 500 mg/ml. Based on physical stability, the serum gel was stable after 28 d of storage. The serum gel of AK leaf extract also showed antioxidant activity and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition with IC50 value of 16.68 mg/ml and 741.62 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the serum gel of AK leaf extract has potential as a skin lightening agent and is safe for use as a topical preparation.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities of Dragon Fruit Peel Extract and Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Liana Liana ◽  
Rizal Rizal ◽  
Wahyu Widowati ◽  
Fioni Fioni ◽  
Khainir Akbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Peel Extract

Aging is a natural process in human life and is triggered by the presence of free radicals (ROS). The use of antioxidants from natural ingredients is one of the breakthroughs to overcome aging and counteract the harmful effects caused by the free radicals. This study aimed to determine and compare the antioxidant activity of H2O2 scavenging and hyaluronidase inhibition of red dragon fruit peel extract (DFPE) and kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside (KOR) compounds. Dragon fruit peel extract (DFPE) is obtained through extraction by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The design of this study included antioxidant and anti-aging activity assay of EKBN and KOR at the series concentration of 15.63; 31.25; 62.50; 125; 250; 500 µg/mL through H2O2 scavenging, as well as the DFPE and KOR hyaluronidase inhibition assay at the series concentration of 5.21; 10.42; 20.83; 41.7; 83.33; 166.67 µg/mL. EKBN shows that the average activity of H2O2 scavenging is lower than KOR. In addition, the IC50 values of KOR for H2O2 scavenging is lower (351.46±2.30ug/mL) than DFPE (409.64±23.17ug/mL). While, KOR also has higher values of inhibitory activity than of the DFPE. However, the IC50 value of KOR for hyaluronidase inhibition activity was 84.07±10.46µg/mL, equivalent to the IC50 value of DFPE (85.32±10.24µg/mL). The presence of antioxidant and anti-aging activity in the EKBN is probably caused by betalain and the KOR compound itself contained in red dragon fruit. The results of the paired-samples T-test on antioxidant activity and anti-aging of DFPE and KOR showed non-significant difference. Thus, DFPE has an equivalent antioxidant and anti-aging through H2O2 scavenging and hyaluronidase activity as possessed by the KOR compound.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TRANSFERSOME ON THE STABILITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GLUTATHIONE IN ANTIAGING CREAMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
HARMITA HARMITA ◽  
ISKANDARSYAH ◽  
FRIAINI ZAHRA MURTI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Antioxidant Compound ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Franz Diffusion Cells

Objective: Glutathione is an important antioxidant compound that is added to various cosmetic preparations. This study compared the stability,antioxidant activity, and penetration of glutathione creams formulated with and without transfersome, a commonly used carrier system.Methods: The particle size of the transfersome was 55.65 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.398 and an entrapment efficiency of 66.22%. Duringcycling and centrifugal testing, the creams (with and without transfersome) did not change color or demonstrate phase separation. Chemical stabilityanalyses of the products were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: The remaining glutathione content in the transfersome cream was 83.44%, while that of the non-transfersome cream was 47.92%. In thepenetration test using Franz diffusion cells, the transfersome cream demonstrated a cumulative penetration of 4474.44 μg/cm2, with a cumulativeconcentration percentage of 39.60% and a flux of 510.38 μg/cm−2h−1. In contrast, the non-transfersome cream demonstrated a cumulative penetrationamount of 2793.80 μg/cm2, with a cumulative concentration percentage of 24.73% and a flux of 340.12 μg/cm−2h−1. In addition, the IC50 value of thetransfersome cream preparation was 11.89 μg/mL, while that of the non-transfersome preparation was 15.57 μg/mL.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the use of transfersome increases the stability and penetration of glutathione in cream preparations.

scholarly journals Uji Stabilitas Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Mikroemulsi Likopen Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Evi Sulastri ◽  
Mohamad Ikram ◽  
Yuliet Yuliet
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Globule Size ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Lycopene is a class of keratonoid that have been proven has antioxidant activity but has limited solubility in water. So as to boost their solubility, in this study conducted in the form of microemulsion formulations. This study aims to get a tomato lycopene extract microemulsion which is stable and has antioxidant effects. The research was initiated to test the antioxidant power of tomato lycopene extract in vitro against DPPH. Tomato lycopene extract microemulsion is formulated based on the optimization of the composition of the base consisting of the VCO as the oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and glycerin as cosurfactant. Preparations produced were tested for antioxidant activity and their physical and chemical stability testing which include: organoleptic, viscosity, globule size and pH during 28 days of storage. The results showed that tomato lycopene extract formula microemulsion stable composition of tomato lycopene extract 0.3%, VCO 15%, tween 80% and 35% glycerin. The test results obtained physical stability of the microemulsion formula elected tomato lycopene extract has a distinctive scent of aromatic, orange, thick, globule size of <5 μm, viscosity (600, 33 ± 69.29 to 746 cPs ± 8.32), and pH ( 6.27 ± 0.20 to 6.79 ± 0.10). As very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 29.07 ppm.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ABILITY OF POMEGRANATE FRUIT PEELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Jamuna S ◽  
Sathiskumar S
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Antioxidant Agent ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Pomegranate Fruit

The present study was undertaken to investigate the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of pomegranate fruit peels. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were made for various solvent extracts of fruit peel of pomegranate and for antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract alone was used.The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that higher number of secondary metabolites was found in ethanolic extract of fruit peel than the other solvent extracts. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents of ethanolic fruit peel extract was found to be 246.5 mg GAE/100g extract and 83.95 mg QE/100g extractrespectively. The ethanolic fruit peel extracts unveiled highest scavenging ability by quenching the DPPH free radicals with the IC50 value, 142.90µg/mL. The present study showed that the tested pomegranate peels exhibited strong antioxidant activity. These results suggest that pomegranate fruit peel could be exploited as a potential source of natural antioxidant agent.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Minyak Argan (Argania spinosa L.) Dalam Bentuk Sediaan Mikroemulsi

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Nur Ain Thomas ◽  
Adiva Sidangoli
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
P Value ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Argania Spinosa ◽  
Globule Size ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Oil Water

Argan oil (Argania spinosa L.) is an oil that has benefits as a natural antioxidant which is good for health. Microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable delivery system;  transparent;  has a small globule size and consists of a mixture of oil, water, surfactant and co-surfactant which has great potential in delivering dermal active substances by increasing transdermal permeability in topical drug delivery. This research aimed to formulate argan (Argania spinosa L.) oil into microemulsion dosage form and determine the antioxidant activity using DPPH method. The study began with the optimization of base into several concentration variations of surfactant and co-surfactant. The formula made into 7 namely F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 and F7, evaluated using organoleptic test and centrifugation test. The results showed the base of F6 which had the clear, transparent physical appearance and no separation occured. The F6 base was then made into microemulsion dosage with 3 concentration variations of argan (Argania spinosa L.) oil, namely F1 (0.5%), F2 (1%) and F3 (1.5%). The 3 formulas were tested for the physical stability which included pH test, viscosity test, centrifugation test and freeze-thaw test.  The testing of antioxidant activity carried out by in vitro using the DPPH method which then calculated for the IC50 value on t0 and t28. From the results of the physical stability test at room temperature and freeze-thaw, the 3 formulas met the organoleptic, pH and centrifugation tests. The antioxidant activity values of IC50 were F1 (t0 = 291.14 g/mL; t28 = 230.43 g/mL), F2 (t0 = 89.02 g/mL; t28 = 129.01 g/mL), F3 (t0 = 81.07 g/mL; t28 = 116.30 g/mL). The statistical test result of T test showed the p value = 0,896, (0.05), which indicated that there was no significance difference in the antioxidant activity result between the 3 formulas on t0and t28.

scholarly journals Formulasi Masker Gel Antioksidan Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunarmi Sunarmi ◽  
Susilo Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Dispersive Power

Abstract: Antioxidant, Red Dragon Fruit, Gel Mask. Skin is an organ that covers the entire human body, which has protection against external influences. Free radicals and the oxidation reaction can be inhibited by an antioxidant compound. Red dragon fruit peel is rarely used but has high antioxidant activity that can be used for skin care, especially facial skin. Red dragon fruit peel can be formulated into various dosage form of antioxidants for the face skin, one of which peel-off mask gel. This study aimed to test the antioxidant activity of peel-off mask gel with the active ingredient of red dragon fruit peel extracts. This research uses experimental methods. Red dragon fruit peel extracted by maceration in 70% ethanol and concentrated. Gel mask made in 3 variations extract concentration, ie formula A, B and C 0.175 g, 0.350 g and 0,700 g respectively. The physical stability test was conducted by cycling test for 6 cycles. The physical properties of the preparation were tested before and after storage include adhesion, dispersive power, pH, viscosity and time to dry. Antioxidant activity tested with DPPH method. Based on test results obtained physical stability, third-formula gel mask physically qualified and stable, except for the dispersive power. Antioxidant activity decreased after the storage. The highest activity was shown by formula C with an IC50 value of 3497.113 ppm. Based on IC50 values, this gel mask has an inactive. antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Mikroenkapsulasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Super Merah (Hylocereus costaricensis) Tersalut Maltodekstrin Berdasarkan Kecepatan Pengadukan

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jaya Hardi ◽  
Dian Citra ◽  
Syamsuddin ◽  
Dwi Juli Pusptasari
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Coating Efficiency ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Peel Extract

Extract of super red dragon fruit peel has an antioxidant activity that can prevent free radicals from outside and its activity can be maintained by the coating of super red dragon fruit peel extract with maltodextrin The coating efficiency of super red dragon fruit peel extract with maltodextrin can be controlled with the speed of stirring during microencapsulation experiment. In order to obtain the highest microencapsulation efficiency and compare the antioxidant activity of super red dragon fruit peel extract before and after microencapsulation experiment. The study of coating efficiency has been done with microencapsulation that was carried out using the freeze-drying technique. During the microencapsulation of super red dragon fruit peel extract with freeze-drying technique, stirring speed in the microencapsulation process was 600 rpm, 800 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1400 rpm respectively. From the microencapsulation process of super red dragon fruit peel extract coated with maltodextrin, it was obtained the highest microencapsulation efficiency at stirring speed of 800 rpm, which was 66.85% and had a particle size of 14.24 µm. It can be concluded that the antioxidant activity before and after encapsulation included a very weak category with IC50 values of 205.42 ppm for extracts and 246.32 ppm for microcapsules. Keywords: Super red dragon fruit peel, freeze-drying, microencapsulation, maltodextrin

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIAGING PHYTOSOMAL GEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Mariam Joshua ◽  
Athira Anilkumar ◽  
Verjina Cu ◽  
Deepa T Vasudevan ◽  
Saritha A Surendran
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Tender Coconut

 Objective: The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate antiaging phytosomal gel.Method: For this purpose, tender coconut water, Aloe vera extract, grape seed extract, vitamin E, and jojoba oil were taken. The cytokinins present in coconut water show astounding effects in preventing premature aging. A. vera contains Vitamin E and C and phenol compounds which contribute to aging. Grape seed extract contains polyphenols mainly in the form of flavonoids which are highly potent antioxidants. It also possessed an antiaging vitamin known as oligomeric proanthocyanidins which prevented premature aging. Vitamin E was chosen because of its antioxidant properties. Jojoba oil was chosen because it had good moisturizing properties and it was similar to human skin oil, sebum. Conventional dosage forms such as creams and gels were prepared using these ingredients, but they showed less antiaging effect. Therefore, phytosome was prepared by binding herbal extracts to phosphatidylcholine (acts as a carrier and nourishes the skin). They had a phospholipid molecular structure which included a water-soluble head and two fat-soluble tails, and due to this dual solubility, it was better absorbed and so it was used for the treatment of skin disorders, antiaging, and skin carcinomas.Result: Nine different formulations of the antiaging cream, gel, and phytosomal gel were prepared. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability, and extrudability were determined. In vitro antioxidant studies were performed for the prepared antiaging cream, gel, and phytosomal gel. Among the three different formulations, phytosomal gel was chosen to be the best formulation to treat wrinkles and blemishes on the skin. When compared to the conventional dosage forms such as creams and gels, the phytosomal gel could release the herbal ingredients and showed better penetration into the skin. From the nine different formulations, F2 containing both tender coconut water and A. vera extract was chosen as the optimized formula. Optimization was done on the basis of in vitro antioxidant studies and physicochemical parameters. F2 acts as a potent free radical scavenger and inhibits oxidation by free radicals. 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay was chosen as the best method in screening the antioxidant activity of the herbal extracts. The IC50 value of the prepared antiaging cream, gel, and phytosomal gel was found to be 70.5 μg/ml, 65.0 μg/ml, and 47.0 μg/ml, respectively. The lower the IC50 value, the highest the antioxidant activity. Thus, the antiaging phytosomal gel proved to show the highest antioxidant activity. The stability of the optimized formulation was carried out at two different temperatures, 30°C ± 2°C and 4°C ± 2°C, and the formulation was found to be stable at the end of 45 days.Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that the prepared antiaging phytosomal gel was safe, convenient, and efficient carrier to deliver the herbal extracts. It also showed better penetration into the skin. Hence, the desired antiaging property was obtained. It is because of this reason, it is used in skin care cosmetics, mainly for antiaging treatment.

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