scholarly journals IN VITRO STUDY OF URSOLIC ACID COMBINATION FIRST-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AGAINST DRUG-SENSITIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS OF Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka ◽  
Elin Yulinah Sukandar
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Drug Combination ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Different Strains

Objective: The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium TB (MTB) is associated with the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant,therefore, the development of new antimycobacterial agents is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity ofursolic acid (UA) when it using alone and combination with TB drugs.Methods: MTB H37Rv strain, streptomycin-rifampicin resistant strain, and isoniazid-ethambutol resistant strain were evaluated by susceptibility testusing a serial number of UA (25-150 µg/mL). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was read as minimum concentration of drugs that completelyinhibit visible growth of organism. Activities of drug combination of UA with TB drug were determined in Lowenstein-Jensen media by calculatingthe fractional inhibitory concentration index.Results: The results showed that MIC of UA was 50 µg/mL against three different strains of MTB. The combination of UA and TB drugs displayedsynergistic interaction, and no antagonism result from the combination was observed for strains of MTB.Conclusion: These results indicate that UA may serve as a promising lead compound for future antimycobacterial drug development.Keywords: Ursolic acid, Tuberculosis, Drug combination, Susceptibility test

scholarly journals LUCIFERASE REPORTER MYCOBACTERIOPHAGES FOR EVALUATING NORBORNENE-BASED ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING ON MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Kalaiselvi K ◽  
Mangayarkarasi V ◽  
Gomathi Ns ◽  
Balaji S ◽  
Shivshankar R Mane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Low Dosage

  Objective: In 2015, 9.6 million people around the world became sick with tuberculosis (TB) disease and 1.5 million TB-related deaths worldwide. Recent increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to at least rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid [INH]) and extensively drug-resistant (MDR resistance plus resistance to a fluoroquinolone and an aminoglycoside) makes TB a serious concern. Lot of research is needed to deal with this infectious disease for a better alternative in treatment or modification of these older TB drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating antimycobacterial activity of norbornene (NOR) derived INH copolymer with poly ethylene glycol (NOR- polyethylene glycol [PEG]-INH) a novel nanocarrier along with the anti-TB drug using luciferase reporter phages (LRPs).Methods: NOR derived INH accounts for 74% of INH, 24% of NOR, and 2% of PEG. H37Rv control strain, a sensitive, and a resistant strain of Mycobacterium TB (MTB) used in this study. The in vitro activity of the drug was evaluated using absolute concentration method. The resistant strain was evaluated using LRP assay to observe the minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug.Results: Reduction in light units was observed for the resistant strain exposed to plain INH and NOR-PEG-INH separately. 24% of reduction was observed in strains exposed to plain INH whereas 37% of reduction was observed in strains exposed to NOR-PEG-INH.Conclusion: NOR-based INH had better antimycobacterial activity compared to plain INH and RIF. Antimycobacterial activity of INH and RIF increases even with very low dosage with NOR conjugate.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimycobacterial Activity of Pakistani Beri Honey Using BACTEC MGIT 960

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Abdul Hannan ◽  
Saira Munir ◽  
Muhammad Usman Arshad ◽  
Nabila Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Control ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
First Line ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Growth Controls

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, being the leading member of the MTB complex, is the main cause of tuberculosis worldwide. Tuberculosis is managed with combination of drugs: streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Over the recent past years resistance against first line antituberculous drugs has emerged rapidly throughout the world resulting in MDR strains. The new threat in the management of MDR-TB is the development of resistance against second line drugs: aminoglycosides, polypeptides, fluoroquinolones, and thioamides. Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant TB (XDR) strains have become a major concern to control TB particularly in the developing countries. The need of the hour is to look for new modalities having antimycobacterial activity. Honey has been well known for its antibacterial activity. We intended to explore its antimycobacterial activity against MDR-TB. Objective. The objective of this study was to determine whether Pakistani Beri honey has any antimycobacterial activity. Method. The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. Clinical isolates (n=21) of MDR-MTB were evaluated for their susceptibility to Beri honey. The isolates were provided, courtesy of Pakistan Medical Research Council. These isolates were identified by MTBc ID test (Becton & Dickinson) and further tested for their antimycobacterial activity using Beri honey. The honey was tested at the following concentrations (v/v): 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% in MGIT 960. Growth controls were also inoculated with each isolate (growth control has no concentration of honey, only containing growth of isolate). Results. MDR-TB isolates (n=21) were tested; 3 (14%) isolates were susceptible at 1% v/v honey, while at 2% v/v of honey 18 (86%) isolates were found to be susceptible. All the 21 isolates (n=21) were susceptible at 3% v/v of honey. Conclusion. The present study clearly demonstrates that Pakistani Beri honey possesses significant antimycobacterial activity in vitro. The antimycobacterial activity of Pakistani Beri honey may, therefore, be exploited in an appropriate mouse model.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Combination of Flucytosine with Amphotericin B, Voriconazole, or Micafungin against Candida auris Shows No Antagonism

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Bidaud ◽  
F. Botterel ◽  
A. Chowdhary ◽  
E. Dannaoui
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACT Candida auris is an emerging, multidrug-resistant pathogen responsible for invasive hospital-acquired infections. Flucytosine is an effective anti-Candida species drug, but which cannot be used as a monotherapy because of the risk of development of resistant mutants during treatment. It is, therefore, noteworthy to test possible combinations with flucytosine that may have a synergistic interaction. In this study, we determined the in vitro interaction between flucytosine and amphotericin B, micafungin, or voriconazole. These combinations have been tested against 15 C. auris isolates. The MIC ranges (geometric mean [Gmean]) of flucytosine, amphotericin B, micafungin, and voriconazole were 0.125 to 1 μg/ml (0.42 μg/ml), 0.25 to 1 μg/ml (0.66 μg/ml), 0.125 to 0.5 μg/ml (0.3 μg/ml), and 0.03 to 4 μg/ml (1.05 μg/ml), respectively. When tested in combination, indifferent interactions were mostly observed with fractional inhibitory concentration index values from 0.5 to 1, 0.31 to 1.01, and 0.5 to 1.06 for the combinations of flucytosine with amphotericin B, micafungin, and voriconazole, respectively. A synergy was observed for the strain CBS 10913 from Japan. No antagonism was observed for any combination. The combination of flucytosine with amphotericin B or micafungin may be relevant for the treatment of C. auris infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fruit Peels Eco-Enzyme against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5107
Author(s):  
Hetal Ashvin Kumar Mavani ◽  
In Meei Tew ◽  
Lishen Wong ◽  
Hsu Zenn Yew ◽  
Alida Mahyuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
The One

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), an effective endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (EF), is harmful to periapical tissues. Natural pineapple-orange eco-enzymes (M-EE) and papaya eco-enzyme (P-EE) could be potential alternatives. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of M-EE and P-EE at different concentrations and fermentation periods against EF, compared to 2.5% NaOCl. Fermented M-EE and P-EE (3 and 6 months) at various concentrations were mixed with EF in a 96-well plate incubated for 24 h anaerobically. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of M-EE and P-EE were determined via EF growth observation. EF inhibition was quantitatively measured and compared between different irrigants using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and different fermentation periods using the independent-samples T-test. M-EE and P-EE showed MIC at 50% and MBC at 100% concentrations. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial effect when comparing M-EE and P-EE at 50% and 100% to 2.5% NaOCl. P-EE at 6 months fermentation exhibited higher EF inhibition compared to 3 months at concentrations of 25% (p = 0.017) and 0.78% (p = 0.009). The antimicrobial properties of M-EE and P-EE, at both 100% and 50% concentrations, are comparable to 2.5% NaOCl. They could therefore be potential alternative endodontic irrigants, but further studies are required.

Antimycobacterial screening of traditional medicinal plants using the microplate resazurin assay

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Webster ◽  
Timothy D.G. Lee ◽  
Jill Moore ◽  
Tracy Manning ◽  
Dennis Kunimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Resazurin Assay

Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have rapidly become a global health concern. North American First Nations communities have used traditional medicines for generations to treat many pulmonary infections. In this study, we evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of 5 medicinal plants traditionally used as general therapeutics for pulmonary illnesses and specifically as treatments for tuberculosis. Aqueous extracts of Aralia nudicaulis , Symplocarpus foetidus , Heracleum maximum , Juniperus communis, and Acorus calamus were screened for antimycobacterial activity against Bacillus Calmette–Guérin, Mycobacterium avium, and M. tuberculosis H37Ra using the colorimetric microplate resazurin assay. Extracts of Acorus calamus and H. maximum root demonstrated significant antimycobacterial activity comparable to that of the rifampin control (2 µg/mL). Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of these 2 extracts using the MTT assay also showed that the extracts were less toxic to 3 human cell lines than was the DMSO positive control. This study demonstrates that aqueous extracts of the roots of H. maximum and Acorus calamus possess strong in vitro antimycobacterial activity, validates traditional knowledge, and provides potential for the development of urgently needed novel antituberculous therapeutics.

scholarly journals Volatile Oils ofNepeta tenuifolia(Jing Jie) as an Alternative Medicine against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Microbes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Lee ◽  
Chao-Min Wang ◽  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Ching-Chang Cheng ◽  
Zong-Yen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Reference Strains

Essential oils from the dried spikes ofNepeta tenuifolia(Benth) are obtained by steam distillation. Pulegone was identified as the main component in the spikes ofN. tenuifoliathrough analysis, with greater than 85% purity obtained in this study. The essential oils are extremely active against all Gram-positive and some Gram-negative reference bacteria, particularlySalmonella enterica,Citrobacter freundii, andEscherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be between 0.08 and 0.78% (againstS. enterica), 0.39 and 0.78% (againstC. freundii), and 0.097 and 0.39% (againstE. coli), whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration varied in range from 0.097% to 1.04%. In general, the essential oils show a strong inhibitory action against all tested reference strains and clinical isolates. However, the antibacterial activity of EOs against bothPseudomonas aeruginosareference strains and clinical isolates was relatively lower than other Gram-negative pathogens. The essential oils ofN. tenuifoliaalso displayed bactericidal activities (MBC/MIC < 4) in this study. These findings reflect the bactericidal activity of the essential oils against a wide range of multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens in an in vitro study. In addition, we propose the fragmentation pathways of pulegone and its derivatives by LC-ESI-MS/MS in this study.

scholarly journals In Vitro Interactions of Echinocandins with Triazoles against Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fakhim ◽  
Anuradha Chowdhary ◽  
Anupam Prakash ◽  
Afsane Vaezi ◽  
Eric Dannaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

ABSTRACT We determined the in vitro interactions between echinocandins and azoles against 10 multidrug-resistant Candida auris strains by use of a microdilution checkerboard technique. Our results suggest synergistic interactions between micafungin and voriconazole with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values of 0.15 to 0.5, and we observed indifferent interactions when micafungin was combined with fluconazole (FICI, 0.62 to 1.5). Combinations of caspofungin with fluconazole or voriconazole exhibited indifferent interactions. No antagonism was observed for any combination.

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