scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TWEEN 80, PALM KERNEL OIL, AND ITS CONVERSION PRODUCT ON IN VITRO PENETRATION ENHANCEMENT OF INDOMETHACIN THROUGH RABBIT SKIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Anayanti Arianto ◽  
Rizki Amelia ◽  
Hakim Bangun
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Ointment Base

Objective: Objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Tween 80, palm kernel oil (PKO), and its conversion products (hydrolyzed and transesterificated products) on the in vitro rabbit skin penetration of indomethacin from hydrocarbon ointment base.Materials and Methods: In vitro penetration of indomethacin through hairless rabbit skin from hydrocarbon ointment base (white petrolatum) was evaluated using a diffusion cell. The effects of Tween 80, PKO, and its conversion products at various concentrations were evaluated.Results: The higher of the concentration of Tween 80 until 5%, the higher of the indomethacin penetration. However, at the concentration above 5%, the penetration was decreased with the increasing concentration of Tween 80 used. The amount of indomethacin penetrated increased with the increasing of the concentration of PKO and its conversion products used. Hydrolyzed product showed the higher indomethacin penetration enhancing effect than PKO. Transesterificated product showed the highest penetration enhancing effect. However, the combination of Tween 80 with transesterificated product showed lower penetration enhancing effect compared to transesterificated product only.Conclusion: Tween 80 at low concentrations, PKO, and its conversion products could be used to enhance indomethacin penetration.

scholarly journals In vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Virgin Coconut oil and White Palm Kernel Oil on Candida Species-Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hortense Gonsu Kamga ◽  
Sarah Riwom Essama ◽  
Yves Le Grand Napa Tchuedji ◽  
Maurice Boda ◽  
Stève Henri Voundi Olugu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro the antifungal activity of virgin coconut oil and the white palm kernel oil on the growth of six species of the genus Candida. Study Design: This study is an experimental study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology of the University of Yaoundé I. Laboratory of Bacteriology, Yaoundé University teaching Hospital between April to September 2017. Methodology: We included six species of Candida. The method of diffusion discs in agar medium was used for Sensitivity tests and macro-dilution in liquid medium was used for dilution. Results: Majority of the species tested were resistant to conventional antifungals used. Candida hoemulonii was the most sensitive species to virgin coconut oil with percentages of inhibitions higher than 50 % when the concentration of oil was only 3.125 mg/mL and a maximum inhibition percentage of 90.10 % when the concentration of oil was 100 mg/mL. Candida albicans, was the least susceptible species to virgin coconut oil with a maximum inhibition percentage of 59.85 % when the concentration of oil was 100 mg/mL.  Candida lipolytica was the most sensitive specie to white palm kernel oil with a maximum inhibition percentage of 90,26 % when the concentration of oil was 100 mg/mL and Candida parapsilosis was the least susceptible species to white palm kernel oil with a maximum inhibition percentage of 52,69 % at the same concentration. In addition, the white palm kernel oil which was more active (P˂0.05) than virgin coconut oil was introduced in the Sabouraud broth and the MIC and MFC obtained with Fluconazole was lower on Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis compared to activity of Fluconazole without palm kernel oil in the medium. Nystatin showed also lower MIC and MFC values on Candida parapsilosis when palm kernel oil was present in the culture medium. Conclusion: These results prove that these oils can be used to develop antifungals drugs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biosourced Alkyd Nanoemulsions as Drug Carriers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew Yong Teo ◽  
Siang Yin Lee ◽  
Huey Lin Ong ◽  
Ching Lin Ong ◽  
Seng Neon Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Oil In Water

Novel oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions were formulated using short, medium, and long oil length alkyds synthesized from palm kernel oil by a two-stage alcoholysis-polyesterification reaction. Alkyd/surfactant/water ternary phase diagrams identified a composition of 1% alkyd, 9% Tween 80, and 90% water where spontaneous production of nanoemulsions occurred. The pH, droplet size, and zeta potential of all formulations were in the range of 6.4–6.6, 11–14 nm, and −6 mV to −8 mV, respectively. Rheological studies showed that the nanoemulsions displayed non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior at low shear rates up to 20 s−1with conversion to Newtonian behavior above this shear rate. All nanoemulsions were found to be stable against phase separation on storage at 4°C and 25°C for three months. Short oil length alkyd nanoemulsions exhibited significantly higher stability compared with medium and long oil length alkyd nanoemulsions, as demonstrated by an absence of phase separation and only minor changes of droplet size on storage at an elevated temperature of 45°C for 3 months. The drug carrying capacity and storage stability of the nanoemulsions were assessed using phenytoin. The entrapment efficiency of alkyd nanoemulsions was in excess of 90% and loss of phenytoin content was restricted to less than 4% during storage of the nanoemulsions for three months at 4°C, 25°C, and 45°C. Taken together, these findings indicate that nanoemulsions prepared from palm kernel oil-based alkyds offer potential as nanocarriers for drug delivery applications.

scholarly journals Application of Mono-Diacylglycerol from Fully Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil for making Ice Cream

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Mursalin Mursalin
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Mixture Composition ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Randomized Design

The quality of ice cream is largely determined by the type of emulsifier used.  The utilization of an appropriate emulsifier will produce ice cream with good quality. A mixture of Mono-Diacylglycerol made from fully Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil (furthermore in this paper we named it as MDAG) and Tween-80 in various comparisons was used as an emulsifier in ice cream making and their effects were analyzed. The composition of the mixture was determined based on 5 types of HLB values, namely 4.5 (E1); 5.3 (E2); 6.1 (E3); 6.9 (E4); and 7.7 (E5); obtained from a mixture of MDAG and Tween-80 (87.5: 12.5); (80.8: 19.2); (74.2: 25.8); (67.5: 32.5); and (60.8: 39.2), respectively. The five treatment levels of the mixture composition of the two types of emulsifiers were arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The parameters observed were overrun, melting time, texture, and consumer preferences for taste and overall acceptance. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) . The results showed that the composition of the mixture of MDAG and Tween-80 had a very significant effect on overrun, melting time, texture, taste, and overall acceptance of the ice cream produced. The best quality ice cream was obtained from the mixture composition of MDAG and Tween-80 at HLB 6.1 with MDAG: Tween-80 (74.2: 25.8) with an overrun value of 68.43%, melting time of 21.13 minutes, texture score of 4.76 (as good as a local commercial ice cream produced in Kumpeh District, Muaro Jambi), preferences score of taste was 5.92 (from a score interval of 1-7), and an overall acceptance score was 5.56 (from a score interval of 1-7).

scholarly journals Characterization, physicochemical stability, and evaluation of in vitro digestibility of solid lipid microparticles produced with palm kernel oil and tristearin

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Costa da Silva ◽  
Thais Ribeiro Borrin ◽  
Pâmela Ruy ◽  
Thais Carvalho Brito ◽  
Ana Cristina Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Solid Lipid Microparticles ◽  
Lipid Microparticles

Kinetics Studies of Epoxidation and Oxirane Cleavage-Epoxidized Palm Kernel Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240
Author(s):  
Mohd Jumain Jalil ◽  
Aliff Farhan Mohd Yamin ◽  
Mohd Saufi Md Zaini ◽  
Veronique Gloria V. Siduru ◽  
Norhashimah Morad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Kinetic Rate ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kinetics Studies ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Oxirane Cleavage

Background: Studies pertaining to the epoxidation of fatty acids, garnered much interest in recent years due to the rising demand of eco-friendly epoxides derived from vegetable oils. Methods: Epoxide is an important chemical precursor for the production of alcohols, glycols and polymers, like polyesters and epoxy resin. Epoxidation is the name given to the reaction when the double bonds are converted into epoxide. Results: Temperature at 55oC was used as a reference material in the epoxide process, as it produces a high yield epoxide being 88%. The kinetic rate of epoxidized palm kernel oil, k was obtained to be k11= 0.5125, k12= 0.05045, k21= 0.03185, k41= 0.01 and k51= 0.01243. Conclusion: Hence, by fitting the result with the experimental work and simulation, the summation of error being stimulated by I-sight simulation was 0.731116428 and the correlation between the experimental and simulation data was 0.925544.

scholarly journals Production of biolubricant samples from palm kernel oil using different chemical modification approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel O. Egbuna ◽  
Ukeh J. Nwachukwu ◽  
Chinedu M. Agu ◽  
Christain O. Asadu ◽  
Bernard Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil
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