scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VIVO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EULOPHIA NUDA L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Vanita Kanase ◽  
Diptesh T Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Serum Antibody Titer ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of an aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried tubers of Eulophia nuda (ENA and ENE).Methods: Effect of both the extracts was evaluated on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, serum antibody response, and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in Swiss albino mice.Results: The extracts showed stimulation of DTH reaction in mice in response to T-cell dependent antigen by both ENE () and ENA (); significant increase in serum antibody titer at of ENA (768.01) and ENE (768.33) extract at 200 mg/kg, compared to control group (213.33); Combined treatment of ENA+Cytochromes P450 [CYP]-25 mg/kg and ENE+CYP-25mg/kg (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) doses of ENA and ENE each with 25 mg/kg resulted in restoration of bone marrow activity as compared with CYP treatment alone.Conclusion: Both specific and non-specific immunostimulating properties of the ENE and ENA tubers in in vivo experimental methods suggest its therapeutic usefulness in immunocompromised conditions.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VIVO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CAPPARIS MOONII

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
VANITA G KANASE ◽  
SHRUTI SHETTIGAR
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Carbon Clearance ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objective: The present study was intended to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried fruits of Capparis moonii Wight. Methods: The effect of both the extracts was evaluated by carbon clearance assay in mice, and they showed a significant increase in the phagocytic index at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg dose. The effect of the extracts on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody titer assay was evaluated in ovalbumin immunized mice. Results: Both extracts showed a significant effect on DTH response and stimulation of antibody titer at 200 mg/kg dose. The effects of the extracts in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression mice were also statistically significant. Conclusion: The studies demonstrated specific and non-specific immunostimulating properties of both the ethanol and aqueous extract of C. moonii fruits in various in vivo experimental methods suggesting its therapeutic usefulness in immunocompromised conditions.

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Vikram V Nimbalkar ◽  
Urmila E Kadu ◽  
Ravina P Shelke ◽  
Suvarna A Shendge ◽  
Pratiksha N Tupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nonspecific Immunity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: The immune system is intrinsic to health. Modulation of the immune responses to alleviate the diseases by using herbal plants has been of interest for many years. Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid saponin mainly present in the seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and in the root tubers of wild yams (Dioscorea villosa). Activation of specific and nonspecific immunity results in stimulation of immune response. Diosgenin has the positive effects on both specific and nonspecific immunity. Aim: To study the immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in albino wistar rats. Method: The suspension of Diosgenin was given orally at the dosage level of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 21 days in a rat. The immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by heamagglutination antibody (HA) titer, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and carbon clearance test.  Immunosuppression in a rat was induced by using Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were used as antigen (0.1ml 20% SRBCs). Result: Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in the production of antibody titer in response to SRBC antigen. A significant increase in both primary and secondary HA titer was observed in immunosuppressed group treated with Diosgenin when compared with negative control.  A significant increase in the DTH response was observed in immunosuppressed animals treated with Diosgenin, pre-sensitized with SRBCs antigen. Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in phagocytic index against control group, indicating the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. Conclusion: The study indicates that Diosgenin triggers stimulatory effect on specific and nonspecific immune response. The immunostimulant effect of Diosgenin could be attributed due to its saponin glycoside.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT FROM RIND OF NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM FRUIT

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
Mukund Handral
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum

<p><strong>Objective: </strong><em>Nephelium</em> <em>lappaceum</em> Linn (Sapindaceae), also known as Rambutan is a tropical fruit native to Malaysia. The rind of Rambutan, which is normally discarded, has been used in the present research work to explore the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extract and also its protective effect against cyclophosphamide (CP) induced immunosuppression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried by testing the humoral (Haemagglutination antibody titre (HA) model), cell-mediated immunity (delayed type hypersensitivity reaction model), haematological parameters, carbon clearance assay (phagocytic index), organ index (spleen and thymus) and histopathological study of mice thymus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of the ethanolic extract significantly increased the antibody titre and DTH response in response to sheep red blood cells when compared to normal control and CP control group. There was a prominent increase in the WBC count, spleen index, thymus index and the phagocytic index in immune suppressed group treated with ethanolic extract of <em>Nephelium lappaceum</em> rind compared to the immune suppressed control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result suggests that the ethanolic extract has the potential to modulate the immune system as well has a protective effect against CP-induced immune suppression.</p>

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activity ofChlorophytum borivilianumSant. F

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Thakur ◽  
Shilpi Bhargava ◽  
V. K. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Carbon Clearance ◽  
Traditional Indian Medicine ◽  
Indian Medicine ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Response

Chlorophytum borivilianumSantapau & Fernandes (Liliaceae) is a very popular herb in traditional Indian medicine and constitute a group of herbs used as ‘Rasayan’ or adaptogen. Ethanolic extract of the roots and its sapogenin were evaluated for their immunomodulatory activity. Effect of azathioprine-induced myelosuppresion and administration of extracts on hematological and serological parameters was determined. Administration of extracts greatly improved survival againstCandida albicansinfection. An increase in delayed-type hypersensitivity response (DTH), % neutrophil adhesion andin vivophagocytosis by carbon clearance method was observed after treatment with extracts. Immunostimulant activity of ethanolic extract was more pronounced as compared to sapogenins. The results, thus justifies the traditional use ofC. borivilianumas a rasayana drug.

In vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Physalis angulata Concentrated Ethanolic Extract

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Ricardo Teixeira Daltro ◽  
Ivanilson Pimenta Santos ◽  
Paula Ladeia Barros ◽  
Diogo Rodrigo Magalhães Moreira ◽  
Therezinha Coelho Barbosa Tomassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Hypersensitivity Response ◽  
Immunomodulatory Drugs ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Physalis Angulata ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Response

AbstractThe need for new immunomodulatory drugs is due to the side effects associated with the prolonged use of the currently used immunomodulatory drugs. In this context, the present work aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of an ethanolic concentrated extract from Physalis angulata. The cytotoxicity of samples was determined using peritoneal macrophages though the Alamar Blue assay. The immunomodulatory activity of the ethanolic extract from P. angulata on activated macrophages was determined by measurement of nitrite and cytokine production. The immunosuppressive effects of the ethanolic extract from P. angulata was evaluated on lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. The effects of the extract on cell cycle progression and cell death on lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Lastly, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata was tested in vivo in toxicological tests and in models of peritonitis and delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The ethanolic extract from P. angulata decreased nitrite, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, and TNF-α production by activated macrophages without affecting the cell viability. In addition, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata inhibited lymphoproliferation and the secretion of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and IFN-γ, and increased interleukin-4 secretion by activated splenocytes. Flow cytometry analysis in lymphocyte cultures showed that treatment with the ethanolic extract from P. angulata induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase followed by cell death by apoptosis. Moreover, mice treated with the extract from P. angulata at 100 or 200 mg/kg did not show signs of toxicity or alterations in serum components. Finally, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata significantly reduced neutrophil migration and reduced paw edema in bovine serum albumin-induced the delayed-type hypersensitivity response model. Our results demonstrate the potential of the ethanolic extract of P. angulata as an alternative for the treatment of immune-inflammatory diseases.

HERBAL CREAMS OF REISHI EXTRACT AND TEA TREE OIL FOR HIRSUTISM–AN IN VIVO STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
SANGEETA CHOUDHURY ◽  
BLR MADHAVI
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Tea Tree

Objective: The aim of this work to formulate, evaluate and compare the effectiveness of herbal creams containing extract of reishi and tea tree oil for treating hirsutism. Methods: Herbal ingredients were authenticated. Cream base was initially formulated. Three formulations of herbal cream were prepared. Reishi ethanolic extract, tea tree oil, and combination of tea tree oil and reishi extract were added to the cream base and formulated cream were named as RHC, THC and RTC respectively. In vitro evaluations on herbal creams were done for the physicochemical characteristics. In vivo studies were carried out on female Swiss Albino mice for the activity against hair growth by topical application of cream to shaved skin. The histological and morphometric evaluation was carried out. Skin irritancy study was conducted. Results: The herbal creams showed desirable physicochemical properties like pH, viscosity and spreadability. Statistical analysis for the length of hair was performed by using one way ANOVA followed by DUNNET’S post hoc test where THC and RTC were found to be significant whereas RHC showed no significant reduction of hair growth compared to control. RTC showed a significant effect at p<0.05 and hair growth reduction was significant for THC at p<0.001 compared to the control group. RTC and THC showed mild to moderate reduction in the size of the hair follicles with a reduction of sebaceous gland size in the histological analysis. Conclusion: Topical application of herbal creams to mice showed that hair growth was fastest in group RHC and was slowest in group THC and intermediate with RTC. It can be concluded that these herbal actives can be used as an effective treatment against hirsutism. Within the study period, tea tree oil was found to be more effective than reishi extract and the combination product. Further formulation studies and in vivo studies need to be carried out on reishi to assess its effectiveness against hirsutism.

scholarly journals Simple Nanoparticles from the Assembly of Cationic Polymer and Antigen as Immunoadjuvants

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunys Pérez-Betancourt ◽  
Bianca de Carvalho Lins Fernandes Távora ◽  
Mônica Colombini ◽  
Eliana L. Faquim-Mauro ◽  
Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Spherical Nanoparticles ◽  
Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
The One ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Th 1 ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Stimulation Of

Since antigens are negatively charged, they combine well with positively charged adjuvants. Here, ovalbumin (OVA) (0.1 mg·mL−1) and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) (0.01 mg·mL−1) yielded PDDA/OVA assemblies characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as spherical nanoparticles (NPs) of 170 ± 4 nm hydrodynamic diameter, 30 ± 2 mV of zeta-potential and 0.11 ± 0.01 of polydispersity. Mice immunization with the NPs elicited high OVA-specific IgG1 and low OVA-specific IgG2a production, indicating a Th-2 response. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) was low and comparable to the one elicited by Al(OH)3/OVA, suggesting again a Th-2 response. PDDA advantages as an adjuvant were simplicity (a single-component adjuvant), low concentration needed (0.01 mg·mL−1 PDDA) combined with antigen yielding neglectable cytotoxicity, and high stability of PDDA/OVA dispersions. The NPs elicited much higher OVA-specific antibodies production than Al(OH)3/OVA. In vivo, the nano-metric size possibly assured antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APC) at the lymph nodes, in contrast to the location of Al(OH)3/OVA microparticles at the site of injection for longer periods with stimulation of local dendritic cells. In the future, it will be interesting to evaluate combinations of the antigen with NPs carrying both PDDA and elicitors of the Th-1 response.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Identification, Acute, and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Foliar Extract of Withania frutescens

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Meryem Slighoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Repeated Doses

Withania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat several diseases. This work aims to study phytochemical composition as well as acute and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens hydroethanolic extract in mice. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was performed using gas chromatographic analysis. Acute toxicity was studied in vivo with oral administration of single doses 400 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was studied with the administration of repeated doses of 400 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens hydro-ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of interesting chemical compounds. Acute toxicity results showed no toxic symptoms in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg. Alongside acute toxicity, subacute data showed no clinical symptoms nor biochemical or histological alteration in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows no toxic effects in animals treated with W. frutescens extract, and, therefore, this plant can be considered safe in animals up to 2000 mg/kg under both acute and subacute toxicity conditions.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activities of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f) Ettingsh in Experimental Animals: In vitro and In vivo Investigations

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Pattanayak ◽  
P. M. Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Dendrophthoe Falcata ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the present study, an attempt was made to screen immunomodulatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extract (HEDF) of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh (Loranthaceae), an Indian Ayurvedic plant, on different arms of the immune system. HEDF was evaluated for immunological function by studying delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep RBCs, nitric oxide (NO) release from murine peritoneal macrophages, phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in vitro and reticuloendothelial system in vivo, plaque forming cell response of splenic lymphocytes to sheep erythrocytes, haemagglutination antibody titer and neutrophil adhesion test. Significant increase in NO production by mouse peritoneal macrophages was detected in culture supernatants indicated increased phagocytic activity of macrophages. After post oral administration of HEDF in three doses of 250, 475 and 950 mg/kg body weight, a significant increase in phagocytic activity of PMN cells/reticuloendothelial system, stimulation of neutrophil function and splenic antibody secreting cells, were also noticed. Stimulation of humoral immune response was further observed with elevation in haemagglutination antibody titer. Heightened DTH reaction suggested convincing evidence for activation of cellular immune system. Present study thus confirms the immunomodulatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of D. falcata and the immunomodulatory responses were found to be dose dependent manner.Keywords: Dendrophthoe falcata; Antibody titer; Neutrophil adhesion; Phagocytic activity.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7655               J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 629-640 (2011)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Sub-Acute Dermal Toxicity Studies of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Lawsonia Inermis in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 835-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khairullah Zahi ◽  
Hazilawati Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Rosly Shaari ◽  
Riyanto Teguh Widodo ◽  
Lucy Johnny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Observation Period

Lawsonia inermis is one of the most significant plants used in traditional medicine. However, many details of the dermal toxicity of L. inermis remain unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vivo acute and sub-acute dermal toxicity of ethanolic extract of L. inermis leaves. In acute experiment, a total of 20 rats were divided into four groups of five rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups of six rats for the sub-acute experiment. The extract at a single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight did not produce treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in all rats tested during the 14-day observation period. However, in a repeated dose 28-day study, the application of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of body weight/day of leaves extract revealed no significant change (p > 0.05) in bodyweight, haematological and biochemical parameters compared with the control group. Similarly, gross pathology and histopathology examinations of liver, kidneys, and skin did not reveal any morphological alteration. Overall, the results show that the close application of L. inermis leaves extract did not have any critically dangerous impact on rats. Subsequently, the concentrate may be employed for pharmaceutical plans.

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