scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT FROM RIND OF NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM FRUIT

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
Mukund Handral
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum

<p><strong>Objective: </strong><em>Nephelium</em> <em>lappaceum</em> Linn (Sapindaceae), also known as Rambutan is a tropical fruit native to Malaysia. The rind of Rambutan, which is normally discarded, has been used in the present research work to explore the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extract and also its protective effect against cyclophosphamide (CP) induced immunosuppression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried by testing the humoral (Haemagglutination antibody titre (HA) model), cell-mediated immunity (delayed type hypersensitivity reaction model), haematological parameters, carbon clearance assay (phagocytic index), organ index (spleen and thymus) and histopathological study of mice thymus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of the ethanolic extract significantly increased the antibody titre and DTH response in response to sheep red blood cells when compared to normal control and CP control group. There was a prominent increase in the WBC count, spleen index, thymus index and the phagocytic index in immune suppressed group treated with ethanolic extract of <em>Nephelium lappaceum</em> rind compared to the immune suppressed control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result suggests that the ethanolic extract has the potential to modulate the immune system as well has a protective effect against CP-induced immune suppression.</p>

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Vikram V Nimbalkar ◽  
Urmila E Kadu ◽  
Ravina P Shelke ◽  
Suvarna A Shendge ◽  
Pratiksha N Tupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nonspecific Immunity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: The immune system is intrinsic to health. Modulation of the immune responses to alleviate the diseases by using herbal plants has been of interest for many years. Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid saponin mainly present in the seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and in the root tubers of wild yams (Dioscorea villosa). Activation of specific and nonspecific immunity results in stimulation of immune response. Diosgenin has the positive effects on both specific and nonspecific immunity. Aim: To study the immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in albino wistar rats. Method: The suspension of Diosgenin was given orally at the dosage level of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 21 days in a rat. The immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by heamagglutination antibody (HA) titer, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and carbon clearance test.  Immunosuppression in a rat was induced by using Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were used as antigen (0.1ml 20% SRBCs). Result: Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in the production of antibody titer in response to SRBC antigen. A significant increase in both primary and secondary HA titer was observed in immunosuppressed group treated with Diosgenin when compared with negative control.  A significant increase in the DTH response was observed in immunosuppressed animals treated with Diosgenin, pre-sensitized with SRBCs antigen. Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in phagocytic index against control group, indicating the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. Conclusion: The study indicates that Diosgenin triggers stimulatory effect on specific and nonspecific immune response. The immunostimulant effect of Diosgenin could be attributed due to its saponin glycoside.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VIVO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CAPPARIS MOONII

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
VANITA G KANASE ◽  
SHRUTI SHETTIGAR
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Carbon Clearance ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objective: The present study was intended to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried fruits of Capparis moonii Wight. Methods: The effect of both the extracts was evaluated by carbon clearance assay in mice, and they showed a significant increase in the phagocytic index at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg dose. The effect of the extracts on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody titer assay was evaluated in ovalbumin immunized mice. Results: Both extracts showed a significant effect on DTH response and stimulation of antibody titer at 200 mg/kg dose. The effects of the extracts in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression mice were also statistically significant. Conclusion: The studies demonstrated specific and non-specific immunostimulating properties of both the ethanol and aqueous extract of C. moonii fruits in various in vivo experimental methods suggesting its therapeutic usefulness in immunocompromised conditions.

scholarly journals IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF NUTRACEUTICAL FORMULATION AND ITS POTENTIATION BY SELF-FORTIFICATION AND COW URINE DISTILLATE FORTIFICATION METHODS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Annapurna Akula ◽  
Chandi Vishala ◽  
Gummalla Pitchaiah
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Carbon Clearance ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential

Objective: This study prepared, evaluated immunomodulatory activity of nutraceutical formulation and studied the effect of self-mortification and cow urine distillate fortification methods on the immunomodulatory potential of nutraceutical formulation.Methods: Three types of nutraceutical formulations i.e. Nutraceutical formulation (NF), self fortitfied nutraceutical formulation (SFNF) and self fortitfied nutraceutical formulation fortified with cow urine distillate (SFNECUD) were prepared using fine powders of amla, apple, garlic, onion, wheat grass, papaya, turmeric and cow urine distillate by different methods. The immunomodulatory activity of nutraceutical formulations at a dose of 500 mg/kg was assessed by various immune function parameters like cell-mediated immunity (neutrophil adhesion, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia), humoral immunity (serum immunoglobulins level and haemoagglutination antibody titer), and phagocytic activity (carbon clearance and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell activity).Results: Oral administration of NF, SFNF and SFNFCUD showed significant (p<0.01) increase in adhesion of neutrophils, potentiation of the DTH reaction and attenuation of cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia. A significant increase in serum immunoglobulin levels and production of circulating antibody titer in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) was also observed. In addition, an increase in the phagocytic index in carbon clearance assay and an increase in the phagocytic activity of PMN cells was observed.Conclusion: From the above results, it can be concluded that all three types of formulations showed significant immunostimulant activity. SFNF and SFNFCUD showed better immunomodulatory activity than NF suggesting the potentiation of immunomodulatory potential of NF activity by fortification methods.

Immunomodulatory activity of Alcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia Stem

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Kumar Biradar ◽  
Chandra Kishore Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Models ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Adhesion ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Carbon Clearance

Tinospora cordifolia is a plant well known for its medicinal value in Indian ayurveda and Indian traditional medicine system. However, to prove its efficiency for the clinical utilization, more experimental data will be beneficial. In the present investigation, evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of the alcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia stem on various in-vivo experimental models such as neutrophil adhesion test, phagocytic index by carbon clearance test, Hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titre and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. The evaluation of immunomodulatory potential by oral administration of alcoholic stem extracts (50, 100, 200 and 300mg/kg b.w, p.o) evoked a significant increase in percent neutrophil adhesion to nylon fibers as well as a dose dependent increased in antibody titre values, and potentiated delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells and significant response towards phagocytosis in carbon clearance assay (*p<0.05, *p<0.01, ***p<0.001). This may be due to concentrations of active phytochemicals present in particular plant extract. Hence, it was concluded that the plant extracts increased humoral as well as cell mediated immunity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VIVO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EULOPHIA NUDA L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Vanita Kanase ◽  
Diptesh T Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Serum Antibody Titer ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of an aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried tubers of Eulophia nuda (ENA and ENE).Methods: Effect of both the extracts was evaluated on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, serum antibody response, and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in Swiss albino mice.Results: The extracts showed stimulation of DTH reaction in mice in response to T-cell dependent antigen by both ENE () and ENA (); significant increase in serum antibody titer at of ENA (768.01) and ENE (768.33) extract at 200 mg/kg, compared to control group (213.33); Combined treatment of ENA+Cytochromes P450 [CYP]-25 mg/kg and ENE+CYP-25mg/kg (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) doses of ENA and ENE each with 25 mg/kg resulted in restoration of bone marrow activity as compared with CYP treatment alone.Conclusion: Both specific and non-specific immunostimulating properties of the ENE and ENA tubers in in vivo experimental methods suggest its therapeutic usefulness in immunocompromised conditions.

scholarly journals Investigation of Renal Protective Effect of Euphorbia antiquorum L.(Stem) in Animal Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar Yadav ◽  
S. S. Sisodia
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Vehicle Treatment ◽  
Animal Handling

Introduction: Euphorbia antiquorum is a fleshy shrub belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is widely distributed in the hotter parts of India. It is used as a substitute for the Ayurvedic drug ‘Snuhee’ whose accepted botanical source is Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. The leaf, stem, latex and root of Snuhee are used in treatment of diseases and conditions like, diabetes, coryza, and oedema. Objective: The present study is aimed to investigate the renal protective effect of  E. antiquorum alcoholic extracts of the stem   on alloxan (150mg/kg) induced diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: All animals were treated for 21 days and sacrificed on the last day. Unwanted placebo effect in case of the control group was blocked by executing appropriate vehicle treatment and same animal handling pattern. Extract and standard drug doses given orally were suspended in 0.9% normal saline. Blood samples were drawn from retro orbital sinus using Diethyl-ether anesthesia at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. Blood samples were labeled in such a way that analysis team was kept blind about groups and nature of the study design. Body weight measurement and blood sampling were done on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day of the study. Conclusion: 21 days daily treatment with a test drug of ethanolic extract of stems of Euphorbia antiquorum significantly reduced the elevated Blood glucose level, Urinary Albumin, urine creatinine, serum creatinine in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Keywords: Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis, Creatinine, Albumin, Oedema

scholarly journals The Combination of Ethanol Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme and Piper crocatum increase the Macrophage Phagocytosis In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Reynelda Juliani Sagala ◽  
Retno Murwanti
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis

Research on the activity of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume and Piper crocatum have been conducted and showed various immunomodulatory activity. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of the combination of the ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Piper crocatum by determining its macrophages phagocytic index and macrophages phagocytic capacity. Therefore, such a combination could be an alternative drug to increase immune response. In this study, the extraction procedure was carried out through maceration by using an ethanolic solvent. Combinations of herbs ethanol extract were varied in four groups of combination, at three different concentrations of 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml for each group. Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneum cavity of male mice (Mus musculus), and its phagocytic activity was quantified through the Leijh method (1986). The phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity of macrophages were determined by using latex beads as a trigger of phagocytosis and compared with negative controls of media, DMSO, and four groups of ethanolic extract combinations in different concentrations. The results indicate that all of combination group ethanol extract with a concentration of 10 μg/ml was significantly (p<0.05) optimum activated phagocytic index. Therefore the combination of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Piper crocatum, and Thyphonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume ethanolic extract might be prospective to increase nonspecific immune response.

scholarly journals A Histopathological Study of Cisplatin-induced Acute Vascular Injuries in Vital Organs and Protective Effect of Achillea millefolium

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Zahra Eslamifar ◽  
Susan Sabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
Group I

The aim was to study the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Achillea millefolium on acute vascular injuries induced by cisplatin in liver, heart and renal tissues 24 hour after administration and using histopathological surveys in wistar rats. 24 adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I (control group) received physiological saline for 10 days. Animals of group II had single dose of injection of CP (cisplatin) (6 mg/kg, IP) on the ninth day. Group III received Achillea millefolium extract (250 mg/kg, gavage) for 10 consecutive days. Group IV had both Achillea millefolium extract (250 mg/kg, gavage) for 10 consecutive days and a single dose of injection of CP (6 mg/kg, IP) on the ninth day. Kidney, liver and heart organs were collected on 10th day from sacrificed rats and subjected to histopathological analysis. Then the possible histopathological vascular effects of cisplatin on liver, heart, kidney tissues and the protective effect of Achillea millefolium extract was analysed. Obtained data showed the vascular injuries in CP group as congestion of cardiac capillaries (p=0.00) and interstitial edema (p=0.03). In the kidney, shrinkage of glomeruli (p=0.04), widening of Bowman's space (p=0.04), dilatation of cortical capillaries (p=0.01) were significantly altered. The findings of liver organ were increased sinusoidal space (p=0.00) and infiltration of neutrophils in portal space (p=0.01). Pretreatment with ethanolic extract of Achillea millefolium could attenuate these vascular injuries. Briefly, 24 hour after single injection of cisplatin the inflammatory process was seen in vital organs and administration of Achillea millefolium could mitigate these side effects.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Mentha spicata Against Irinotecan-Induced Mucositis in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Aliaa Abdul sattar Abdul jabbar ◽  
Sarmed H. Kathem
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Intestinal Mucositis ◽  
Irinotecan Dose

Irinotecan induced-mucositis is an inflammatory event of intestine caused by an increase in concentration of active metabolite 7­ethyl­10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN­38) in the intestine. Irinotecan must first be converted by a carboxylesterase (CES) to the active metabolite (SN­38), which is subsequently glucuronidated by the hepatic enzyme to SN38G. The SN-38G is deconjugated in the intestine to SN-38 via ?-glucuronidase produced by the intestinal bacterial flora, which accounts for SN-38 delayed intestinal mucositis of irinotecan. To study the protective effect of mentha in irinotecan-induced mucositis, intestinal mucositis induced by I.P injection of irinotecan (75mg/Kg/day) for 4 days. Mentha ethanolic extract orally administered to mice for 7 days starting one day before irinotecan dose. Results showed that mentha ethanolic extract significantly decreased both jejunal tissue IL-1? (3.47±1.23 vs 6.5±0.36 ng/ml) and fecal ?-glucuronidase activity (79.78± 10.7 vs 120.6± 8.3 U) compared to model control group. Histopathological sections showed improvements in mucositis features in the mentha extract treated animals compared to the model control mice. As a conclusion, Mentha ethanolic extract has a protective effect on irinotecan-induced mucositis.

scholarly journals Immunostimulant Activity of Marchantia paleacea Bertol. Herb Liverwort Ethanol Extract in BALB/c Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 464-473
Author(s):  
Dicki Bakhtiar Purkon
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Marchantia Paleacea

Immunostimulants are compounds that can stimulate an immune response by increasing the activity of non-specific and specific components of the immune system (humoral and cellular) against certain infections and diseases. The liverwort plant species Marchantia paleacea Bertol. has long been used as a source of nutrition and empirical medicine. However, scientifically there is still not much research data on immunomodulators in these plants. This study aims to determine the activity of immunomodulators in the ethanol extract of the herb Marchantia paleacea Bertol. in male mice of BALB/c strain. Bioactive compounds from this plant were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol. Extract characterization and phytochemical screening were determined according to WHO guidelines and standard procedures from previous studies. The immunomodulatory activity of the extract was tested by carbon clearance method and lymphoid organ index (non-specific responses), primary and secondary antibody titer tests (humoral specific responses), IL-2 cytokine levels and IFN-ɣ from serum secondary antibodies and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction/DTH (cellular specific response). The results of qualitative phytochemical screening contained flavonoid compounds, saponins, phenolics, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. The results of the non-specific immune response immunomodulator test showed that the dose of 52 mg/kg bw had the largest phagocytic index of 1.52 which included strong immunostimulation (K > 1.5) and the organ spleen index of 0.55 ± 0.11 which increased significantly compared to the control (p<0.05). The data on the acquisition of specific immune responses in the primary and secondary antibody titer test in the three test extracts resulted in increased titer levels compared to the control and at a dose of 52 mg/kg bw could significantly increase the levels of IL-2 cytokines in the control group (p<0,05). Meanwhile, in the DTH test, doses of 13 and 26 mg/kg bw could significantly increase the thickness of the soles of mice compared to controls (p<0.05).

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