IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA LONGA (LINN.)

Objective: The current study was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the rhizome extract of Curcuma longa as an alternative source of effective remedies for nematodiasis.Methods: The anthelmintic activity of the C. longa was assessed in vitro against Haemonchus spp., a gastrointestinal (abomasum) parasite of goats. Different concentrations of the extracts (1 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were tested, and the results expressed in terms of time of paralysis (minute) and time of death (minute) of the worms. Albendazole (1 mg/mL) was used as a reference (positive control) and PBS as a control group (negative control).Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract (ME) of the plant disclosed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenol, anthraquinone, and carbohydrates; whereas, the aqueous extract (AE) showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, and saponins. Both ME and AE of the C. longa (rhizome) expressed significant efficacy (p≤0.05) in causing paralysis as well as the death of the worms within 12 h of exposure at all tested concentrations, as compared to the negative control. The rhizome extracts of C. longa showed dose-dependent efficacy in causing paralysis of the worm motility and the final progression to death. The results showed that the ME at 10 mg/mL was significantly more potent (p≤0.05) over the AE.Conclusions: This study concluded that the rhizome extract of C. longa exhibited potent anthelmintic efficacy against the nematode parasite, Haemonchus spp.

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Anthelmintic activity assay of Starchytarpeta jamaicensis L. Vhal tea against Fasciola sp

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 913 (1) ◽

pp. 012096

Author(s):

M R Fahlevi ◽

I S Pratama ◽

M Sriasih

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Activity Assay ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Time Required

Abstract Stachytarpeta jamaicensis L. Vhal (SJ) tea has been empirically used as an anthelmintic, but scientific evidence on its use as an anthelmintic against Fasciola sp. is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the effective concentration of SJ tea as an anti-Fasciola. S. jamaicensis leaves were cut, dried and then packed in the form of tea bags. The presence of secondary metabolites in the tea was also analyzed phytochemically. The anthelmintic activity assay of SJ tea was carried out using an in vitro experimental design with a post-test with control group design. The in vitro test consisted of negative control (0.9% NaCl), positive control (10% Albendazole) and SJ tea with a concentration of 10%, 5%, and 2.5%. The worm’s movement was observed and the time required for the death of Fasciola was recorded and analyzed. Phytochemical analysis shows that SJ tea contained alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. Time required for death of Fasciola in the positive control, the negative control, the tea concentration of 10%, 5%, and 2.5% were 18.75, 168.75, 23.75, 42.5, and 66.25 min, respectively. S. jamaicensis tea with a concentration of 10% showed comparable effectiveness (p>0.05) to standard reference 10% Albendazole as an anti-Fasciola and resulted in the fastest death of Fasciola fluke compared to other concentrations of the tea. The results of this study indicate that SJ tea can be used as an alternative in overcoming Fasciola infestation. Further works are required to determine its safety when used in vivo.

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In-vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Cleome Rutidosperma DC. (Capparidaceae) Against Haemonchus Contortus

Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences ◽

10.32463/rphs.2018.v04i01.03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 415-418

Author(s):

Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud ◽

Hasib Al Hasan

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Cleome Rutidosperma

Background: Cleome rutidosperma is annual herb found in different places in Bangladesh. Its leaves used as the treatment for Helminthiasis associated with Haemonchus contortus. This parasite is one of the most pathogenic nematodes and responsible for anemia, edema, and death of cattle’s, mainly during summer in warm, humid climates as like Bangladesh. The aim of the study to investigate the in-vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous extract C. rutidosperma (AECR) leaves against H. contortus. Methods: We performed phytochemical analysis and in-vitro anthelmintic assay to determine the possible phytochemicals, caused by anthelmintic activity against H. contortus. Results: In-vitro anthelmintic assay, the AECR at the doses of 25; 50 and 100mg/mL significantly (p< 0.01) and (p< 0.001) paralyzed and caused the death of H. contortus in a dose-dependent manner. Reference standard drug Albendazole (15 mg/mL) exerts almost same effect as AECR. No paralyzed and death observed at the control group when treated with 0.9% normal saline. Conclusion: This data confirmed that the aqueous extract C. rutidosperma has the in-vitro anthelmintic activity of against H. contortus. C. rutidosperma may offer an alternative source for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle’s.

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Anthelmintic Activity of Curcuma Aeruginosa Roxb Extract on Fasciola gigantica in Vitro

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015101046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 01046

Author(s):

Henni Vanda ◽

Rizki Parindra ◽

Muhammad Hambal ◽

Farida Athaillah

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

Fasciola gigantica is a parasite that causes a disruption of the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, which interferes growth and causes death. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb extract is one of the medicinal plants which has been used to treat several diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of methanolic extract of C. aeruginosa Roxb on F. gigantica, including mortality time and histopathological changes that occurred after treatment. This study used a completely randomized design with five replications. The flukes were soaked in three different extract concentrations: 10% (T1), 25% (T2), and 50% (T3) (w/v). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution was used as a negative control (C1) and albendazole as the positive control (C2). The mortality time of F. gigantica in each group was calculated, and the dead flukes were prepared for histopathological study. The data were analyzed by Analysis of variance. The results showed that C. aeruginosa extracts at the concentration of 10, 25 and 50% caused the death of the flukes within 75, 57 and 48 minutes, respectively., Histopathological observations showed that the extract caused breakage of tegument which is an important organ in the respiratory process and nutrient absorption. This study concluded that C. aeruginosa extract exhibited anthelmintic activity towards F. gigantica in vitro.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v18i1.239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA ◽

RETNO BUDIARTI ◽

IRMAWATI IRMAWATI

Keyword(s):

Sea Cucumber ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Diarrhea Disease

ABSTRACTBackground; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on Shigella Dysentriae growth in vitro is needed.Objectives: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the Shigella dysentriae bacteria in vitro.Method: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control.Result: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae.Conclusion: Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) inhibit the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.Key words: Shigella dysenteriae, sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra), antibacterial

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In vitro Anthelminthic Activity of Crude Methanolic Leaf Extract of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Bush mint) on Ascaris suum.

Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 82-87

Author(s):

O. S Salami

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Ascaris Suum ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Egg Hatchability ◽

Anthelminthic Activity ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Hyptis Suaveolens

Ascariasis is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in areas with poor hygiene and low standard of living in tropical countries. Hyptis suaveolens is been used traditionally around the world for various ailments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant on the three life cycle stages of Ascaris suum synonymous to Ascaris lumbricoides. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was evaluated. The in-vitro anthelminthic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens on the egg hatchability and larva inhibition of Ascaris suum were assessed using Bizimenyara inhibition method, where 100 eggs were counted and incubated in 5 different plate-wells containing positive control, negative control and 3 concentrations (50, 70 and 100 mg/ml) of extract. The plate wells were brought out after incubation and content examined under the microscope. The effect of the methanolic leaf extract and pyrantel pamoate on cuticle peeling, motility and mortality were evaluated using adult worms. The egg hatchability and larval development after incubation for 48 h and 21 days significantly (p<0.05 for both) inhibited with 98% unhatched eggs and 95% undeveloped larva of A. suum respectively. There was significant (p<0.05) visible peeling of cuticles, reduced motility and mortality of the adult worms after 30, 12 and 80 minutes respectively. It can be concluded that H. suaveolens has anthelminthic activity on A. suum which may be attributed to some of the phytochemical constituents.

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Antibacterial Activity of Curcuma longa (turmeric), Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary), and Allium sativum (garlic) Nanoparticle Extract on Chicken with Chronic Respiratory Disease Complex: In Vivo Study

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015101054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 01054

Author(s):

Ekowati Handharyani ◽

Lina N. Sutardi ◽

Aulia A. Mustika ◽

Andriani Andriani ◽

Sri Yuliani

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group

Previous in vitro studies showed that nanoparticle extract of turmeric, zedoary, and garlic exhibit antibacterial activity against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) which causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chicken. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles of Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, and Allium sativum extract to CRD infected chicken. In vivo test of antibacterial activity of turmeric, zedoary, and garlic nanoparticle in combination was conducted on chicken infected by M. gallisepticum and Escherichia coli (E.coli). Antibiotic control used was enrofloxacin. As many as 75 chickens were divided into 5 groups containing 15 chickens each. Group one consisted of healthy chickens (positive control); group two consisted of chickens that have been inoculated by bacteria (negative control); group three (treatment) were chickens inoculated by bacterium and given extract nanoparticle combination on day 7 of infection for 7 days; group four (prevention) were chickens inoculated by bacterium and given combination of extract nanoparticles on day 5 before infection for 14 days; group five were chickens inoculated with bacterium and given enrofloxacin antibiotics for 7 days. In vivo research results showed increased body weight and performance indicated by improvements in clinical signs, and gross pathology changes. The combination of three extract nanoparticles showed the best activity in controlling CRD in chicken, both as preventive and curative means.

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Mahkota Dewa (God’s Crown) Fruit Extract Inhibits the Formation of Periodontal Pathogen Biofilms in vitro

Journal of Indonesian Dental Association ◽

10.32793/jida.v2i2.404 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diajeng Celia Radita ◽

Armelia Sari Widyarman

Keyword(s):

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Periodontal Pathogen ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Fruit Extracts ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

Introduction: Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is an Indonesian fruit that contains antibacterial compounds, such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; it has been used as an alternative treatment for controlling infection. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of mahkota dewa fruit extract on the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), and Treponema denticola (T. denticola) biofilms in vitro. Methods: God’s crown fruit was extracted using the maceration technique, and then diluted into different concentrations (25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 1.56%) using phosphate buffered saline (PBS). P. gingivalis ATCC-33277, A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC-29522, or T. denticola ATCC-35405 were cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, 24h (anaerobic-condition), and then each type of bacteria (108CFU/mL) was distributed into a 96-well microplate to form a biofilm. Subsequently, the fruit extracts were distributed into the biofilm-containing well plates and incubated for 1h, 6h, and 24h. A biofilm without the fruit extract and chlorhexidine-gluconate (0.2%) was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. Crystal violet (0.5%w/v) was used to determine the density of the remaining biofilm using a microplate spectrophotometer (600 nm). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and p <0.05 was set as the level of significance. Results: The mahkota dewa fruit extracts significantly inhibited the formation of a biofilm for all three bacterial strains at all concentrations and for each incubation time (p <0.05) based on optical density (OD)±SD. The best concentration of fruit extract to inhibit biofilm formation was 25% for P. gingivalis (OD=0.19±0.06), 12.5% for A. actinomycetemcomitans (OD=0.14 ± 0.16), and 25% for T. denticola (OD=1.17±0.19) in comparison to the biofilm mass of the negative control, which was 1.67±0.06, 1.17±0.34, 2.66±0.38 for P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. denticola, respectively. Conclusion: Based on these results, mahkota dewa fruit extract can inhibit the formation of biofilm on P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. denticola, and it may potentially be used to prevent the infection associated with periodontal disease.

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Potential of Cocoa Extract (Theobroma cacao) in Inhibiting Erythrocyte Damage Induced by Physalia utriculus Venom

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v6i3.9661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Adinningtyas Intansari ◽

Al Munawir ◽

Laksmi Indreswari

Keyword(s):

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Erythrocyte Lysis ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Physalia utriculus is one of the invertebrate marine biota that is often found in Indonesia. Some symptoms of venoming due to jellyfish stings cause pain, itching, and hemolysis. In Indonesia, 13 cases of jellyfish stings were reported in 2005-2009 with three people dying in Java, Bali, and Bangka. Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) contain fat, carbohydrates, proteins, and polyphenol compounds that are useful as antioxidants. Polyphenols in the form of epicathechins, catechins, and procyanidins serve to provide protection to hemolysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of ethanol extract of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in inhibiting the damage of erythrocyte induced by Physalia utriculus in vitro. This study used 28 samples of erythrocytes divided into seven groups, namely the normal control group, negative controls, and treatment with cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02%. Each subsequent group induced venom Physalia utriculus. The results showed that the average speed of erythrocyte lysis in the treatment group by giving cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02% respectively (seconds ± standard deviation) was 858,25 ± 94,44; 1.000,5 ± 159,93; 678,5 ± 19,71; and 1.006 ± 159,50. The mean speed of erythrocyte lysis in the negative control group was 1,025 ± 164.63 and the positive control group with the administration of N-Acetylcystein can last up to one hour after administration of venoms. Test for normality and homogeneity shows that data is normally distributed and homogeneous. One Way Annova analysis shows the significance value of p <0.05, then a post hoc analysis test was performed with the Bonferoni method to find out the differences in significance in each group. In this study it can be concluded that the administration of cocoa ethanol extract has no potential to inhibit erythrocyte damage that has been venomed by Physalia utriculus in vitro. Keywords: Physalia utriculus, cacao, erythrocyte damage

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In vivo evidences of Curcuma longa on oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetes on sperm parameters in male wistar rats

Anatomy Journal of Africa ◽

10.4314/aja.v6i3.163509 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1045-1051

Author(s):

A.J. Olanrewaju ◽

S.Y. Olatunji ◽

J.O. Owolabi ◽

A.T. Oluwatosin ◽

W.C. Amaechi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Positive Control ◽

Sperm Parameters ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Alternative Source

Several conditions such as chemotherapy and toxins can interfere with spermatogenesis and reduce sperm quality and production. In the case where natural antioxidant response cannot manage oxidative stress and free radical overload, oxidative damage occurs and this begins the genesis of many diseases of which diabetes is one of them. This has awakened the interest of researchers to the use of an alternative source of medicine and herbal medicine. Medicinal use of Curcuma longa dates back to ancient China and India; its constituents are stated to have anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, stimulant, and antioxidant and used since ancient time as medicinal and nutritive origins knowing to possess androgenic activities and have well effect in diseases treatment in more countries world-wide. As an antioxidant Curcuma longa possible has a useful effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Wistar male rats (n=24) were allocated into six groups, positive control (n=4), diabetic control (n=4) and experimental groups (n=20), that subdivided into groups of 4 that received treatment of Curcuma longa rhizome powder with or without STZ-induced diabetes in the dosages (25 and 100mg/kg/day) for 21 consecutive days. In twenty-second day, the testes were removed and semen was collected from epididymis and prepared for analysis. The percentage of sperm viability and motility in the treatment groups increased mildly with a significance of: (p<0.05) in comparison to control group and with the diabetic group being critically lower than those in control group. This suggested that Curcuma longa may be promising in enhancing sperm health parameters.Keywords: Turmeric, oxidative stress, semen, STZ-induced diabetes, antioxidant

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Spectrophotometric Analysis Evaluating Apical Microleakage in Retrograde Filling using GIC, MTA and Biodentine: An in-vitro study

10.21203/rs.2.15368/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manisha Nepal ◽

Snigdha Shubham ◽

Rupam Tripathi ◽

Jwolan Khadka ◽

Deepa Kunwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Diamond Bur ◽

Retrograde Filling ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Supernatant Solution

Abstract Background The present study compares the apical microleakage of three different root-end filling materials in which the retrograde cavity is prepared by two different burs. Methods Eighty extracted single rooted maxillary and mandibular premolars were taken. Root canal treatment was completed. Apical 3 mm of all the teeth were resected with diamond disk. The tooth were divided into four groups with two subgroups for each group containing 10 tooth (N= 10) as: Group IA (Negative Control and IB (Positive Control); Group IIA and IIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with GIC; Group IIIA and IIIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with MTA; Group IVA and IVB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur, filled with Biodentine. After applying two coats of nail varnish leaving apical 3 mm (except for negative control group) all teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 3 days and again in 65% nitric acid for next 3 days for extraction of dye. The obtained solution was then transferred to eppendorf tube and centrifuged in microcentrifuges at 14,000 revolution per minutes (RPM) for 5 minutes. Optical density or absorbance of the supernatant solution was measured with UV spectrophotometer at 550 nm. Results The absorbance of the supernatant solution after dye extraction is decreasing in the order of positive control> GIC> MTA> Biodentine> negative control group. The significant difference was observed between GIC and MTA (p=0.0001) and GIC and Biodentine (p=0.0001) with two different burs but statistically non-significant difference was observed between MTA and Biodentine with Carbide bur (p=0.127) and Diamond bur (p=0.496) respectively. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that Biodentine and MTA showed less microleakage as compared to GIC. There is no significant difference between mean microleakage of MTA and Biodentine. However, the mean OD of the Biodentine was least of all evaluated materials. Preparation of the root-end using round carbide bur as well as round diamond burs showed comparable microleakage for all three filling materials.

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