scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMALARIAL POTENTIAL OF STREPTOMYCES SP.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Sweetline C ◽  
Usha R
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Mangrove Soil ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: Isolate, screen and identify Streptomyces sp. from mangrove soil from pichavaram, Tamil Nadu, India, and study the molecular identification of selected Streptomyces sp. and check the antimalarial activity for the purified compound.Methods: The16SrRNA secondary structure and the restriction sites of KMA08 were predicted using Genbank online software, respectively. Antiplasmodial activity of the 80% Ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei in mice using the 4 days suppression test was conducted. A total of 30 mice assigned to 5 groups of 6 animals each were infected with chloroquine-sensitive (P. berghei) intraperitoneally. The Ethyl acetate extract (10, 20, and 30 ml/kg), standard drug (chloroquine, 10 mg/kg) and distilled water were administered orally daily for the treatment period. Percent Parasitemia was determined on the 5th day from Giemsa stained smears obtained from tail vein and percent parasitemia suppression was calculated. Daily measurement of rectal temperature was also taken while body weight and packed cell volume were recorded on day 0 and 5.Results: Results showed the extract produced a dose-dependent reduction in parasite density compared to the control group. Percept parasitemia calculation revealed 21.3, 65.3, and 80.5% inhibition at 10, 20, and 30 ml/kg of the extract, respectively.Conclusion: The study revealed the present work indicated that Streptomyces sp. has as promising antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive P. berghei in a dose-dependent. As part of the drug discovery process, these promising finding may contribute to the medicinal and pharmaceutical field for malarial treatment.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract and Fraction of Bidens pilosa against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽  
Yamssi Cédric ◽  
Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ◽  
Ngongang Ouankou Christian ◽  
Mounvera Abdel Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bidens Pilosa

Background. Malaria is one of the most critical diseases causing about 219 million cases worldwide in developing countries. The spread and development of resistance against chemical antimalarial drugs is one of the major problems associated with malaria control. The present study was to investigate the antimalarial efficacy of ethyl acetate extract and one fraction of Bidens pilosa in vivo in order to support the usage of this plant by traditional healers to treat malaria. Methods. The extracts were prepared by maceration of B. pilosa leaf powder in ethyl acetate. The liquid filtrate of the extract and the best in vitro antiplasmodial fraction using HPLC were concentrated and evaporated using a rotavapor under vacuum to dryness. The antimalarial activity of B. pilosa plant products were evaluated in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infected mice according to the Peter and Rane test. The antimalarial efficacy of the a selected crude extract (ethyl acetate extract) was evaluated at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, while a selected fraction from ethyl acetate extract (fraction 12) was evaluated at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg. Blood from experimental animals was collected to assess hematological parameters. Results. The crude extract of ethyl acetate and fraction 12 demonstrated 100% in vivo parasite suppressive activity at doses of 500 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg, respectively, for the crude extract and fraction 12. The mice treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg had their parasitemia (intraerythrocytic phase of P. Berghei) drop considerably, disappearing by the 8th day in mice receiving 500 mg/kg. The ethyl acetate extract of B. pilosa, fraction 12 showed an even higher antiplasmodial activity. By the 5th day of the experiment, the treatment led to a modification of hematological parameters in mice. The chloroquine (5 mg/kg), fraction 12 (125 mg/kg), and the crude extract (500 mg/kg) groups all survived the 30 days of the experiment, while the negative control group registered 100% of the deaths. Conclusion. This study scientifically supports the use of Bidens pilosa leaves in the traditional treatment of malaria. However, the mode of action and in vivo toxicity of the plant still need to be assessed.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Entandrophragma cylindricum (Sprague) Sprague Ethyl Acetate Extract in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽  
Yamssi Cédric ◽  
Ngongang Ouankou Christian ◽  
Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ◽  
Yondo Jeanette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group

Background. One of the most dangerous Plasmodium species is Plasmodium falciparum. Hence, it causes a higher rate of mortality. The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the ACT (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies) has led to the search for new antimalarial drugs. The purpose of this research was to assess the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of Entandrophragma cylindricum ethyl acetate extract to provide a scientific basis for the use of this medicinal plant to treat malaria. Methods. Entandrophragma cylindricum stem bark powder was macerated in ethyl acetate to obtain the extract. The extract liquid filtrate was concentrated, evaporated and dry using a Rotavapor. The Peter and Rane test were used for the suppressive and curative antiplasmodial activities at different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg). A positive and negative control groups were administered chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and 10% hypromelose, respectively. To assess the parasitemia of the mice a thin blood smear was made. Results. The ethyl acetate extract completely (100%) inhibited the development of P. berghei in the suppressive test at the dose of 500 mg/kg while that of the curative test was inhibited at 95%. The extract-treated group (500 mg/kg) and (Chloroquine (5 mg/kg) group all survived. The negative control group recorded a 100% mortality rate. Conclusion. The present study provides scientific confirmation on the use of E. cylindricum stem bark as an antiplasmodial remedy. However, the identification of the mode of action and the purification of the active compounds are necessary for further studies.

Metabolite fingerprinting of novel Streptomyces UK-238 from the Himalayan forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Srivastava ◽  
Indira P. Sarethy
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Metabolite Fingerprinting ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Aims: Characterization of antimicrobial metabolites of novel Streptomyces sp. UK-238. Background: Novel antimicrobial drug discovery is urgently needed due to emerging multi antimicrobial drug resistance among pathogens. Since many years, natural products have provided the basic skeletons for many therapeutic compounds including antibiotics. Bioprospection of un/under explored habitats and focussing on selective isolation of actinobacteria as major reservoir of bio and chemodiversity has yielded good results. Objective: The main objectives of the study were the identification of UK-238 by 16S rDNA sequencing and antimicrobial metabolite fingerprinting of culture extracts. Method: In the present study, a promising isolate, UK-238, has been screened for antimicrobial activity and metabolite fingerprinting from the Himalayan Thano Reserve forest. It was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Ethyl acetate extract was partially purified by column chromatography. The pooled active fractions were fingerprinted by GC-MS and compounds were tentatively identified by collated data analysis based on Similarity Index, observed Retention Index from Databases and calculated Retention Index. Results: UK-238 was identified as Streptomyces sp. with 98.4% similarity to S. niveiscabiei. It exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity. GC-MS analysis of active fractions of ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of eighteen novel antimicrobial compounds belonging to four major categories- alcohols, alkaloid, esters and peptide. Conclusion: The study confirms that bioprospection of underexplored habitats can elaborate novel bio and chemodiversity.

Antiulcerogenicity of the Flavonoid Fraction from Erica andevalensis Cabezudo-Rivera

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reyes ◽  
C. Martín ◽  
C. Alarcón de la Lastra ◽  
J. Trujillo ◽  
M. V. Toro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Flavonoid Fraction ◽  
Erica Andevalensis

Abstract Investigations were carried out to determine the antiulcerogenicity of the flavonoid fraction (ethyl acetate extract) of Erica andevalensis Cabezudo-Rivera on gastric ulceration induced by different experimental models. Oral treatment with the ethyl acetate extract and the major flavonoid (myricetin 3-O-ᴅ-galactoside) were found to be effective to prevent gastric ulceration induced by cold-restraint stress in rats . Statistically significant ulcer index values with respect to the control group were observed. Mucus content was not increased although it was accompanied by an increase in proteins and hexosamines. In pyloric-ligated animals flavonoids showed a significant reduction in the number and severity of the ulcers. Under the same conditions acidity did not decrease with the flavonic extract and myricetin 3-O-ᴅ-galactoside significantly as compared to control. Gastric ulcers induced by oral administration of absolute ethanol were reduced by pretreatment with the flavonoid extract of doses from 125 to 250 mg/kg and the isolated flavonoid of 25 mg/kg p.o. However neither the flavonic extract nor the isolated flavonoid induced changes in the amount and glycoprotein content of gastric mucus.

Leaves of Cordia boissieri A. DC. as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites for protection against metabolic syndrome-induced in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa I. Owis ◽  
Amira M. Abo-youssef ◽  
Ahmed H. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
Significant Protective Effect

Abstract Cordia boissieri A. DC. (Boraginaceae) is traditionally used as an herbal remedy for diabetes by Hispanic women in Southwestern USA. A recent investigation showed the significant protective effect of ethyl acetate extract against metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the corresponding active principles responsible for this effect and relations between their structure and biological actions remain unclear. Thus, ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography, which yielded seven compounds identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as rutin, hesperidin, kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, rosmarinic acid, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin, and kaempferol. The isolated compounds (5 mg/kg/day) were tested in a fructose enriched-diet rat model using metformin as a standard drug. Blood samples were withdrawn for estimation of MS-associated biomarkers and liver samples were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The isolated compounds impaired most of the changes associated with MS as evidenced by improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, kidney function, lipid profiles and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation by different degrees. It is worth noting that quercetin and kaempferol showed the most potent effect. Structure-activity relationship study revealed that the presence of 2,3-double bond in ring C and ortho-hydroxylation in ring B increases the flavonoids activity while glycosylation or methylation decreased this activity.

scholarly journals Glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) inhibition and anti-inflammation activity of the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. strain MJM 8637

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Kwon Lee ◽  
Dong-Ryung Lee ◽  
Bong-Keun Choi ◽  
Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi ◽  
Seung Hwan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Anti Inflammation

scholarly journals In VivoAntiplasmodial and Analgesic Effect of Crude Ethanol Extract ofPiper guineenseLeaf Extract inAlbinoMice

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Kabiru ◽  
G. F. Ibikunle ◽  
D. A. Innalegwu ◽  
B. M. Bola ◽  
F. M. Madaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of crude ethanol extract ofPiper guineensewas investigated in mice. The antiplasmodial and analgesic efficacy of the extract was judged on its ability to reduce parasitemia and writhing, respectively, in mice. The antiplasmodial screening involved treating infected mice with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract while the positive control group was given standard artesunate drug. The analgesic test was carried out by administering 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract to three groups of healthy mice, respectively, after induction of pain with 0.75% acetic acid. The positive control group was given aspirin drug. Parasitemia was reduced by 28.36%, 43.28%, and 62.69% in a dose-dependent pattern in the curative test which was significantly different (P<0.05) from 96.03% of the standard drug. The reduction of writhing by mice given the extract was also dose-dependent (36.29, 45.43, and 59.07%). Aspirin drug was however more effective (86.36%). The extract was safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Result obtained in this study demonstrated the efficacy of ethanol extract ofPiper guineenseas an antiplasmodial and analgesic agent.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and gastroprotective effects of the ethyl acetate extract from Stemodia maritima L. in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. e195101522548
Author(s):  
Rayane Siqueira de Sousa ◽  
Jéssica de Andrade Gomes Silva ◽  
Elizabeth Fernanda de Oliveira Borba ◽  
Katharina Rodrigues de Lima Porto Ramos ◽  
Camila Joyce Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastroprotective Activity ◽  
Ulcer Model ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Stemodia maritima L., is a shrub of the Plantaginaceae family, with some biological activities already described, such as: larvicide, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant, and gastroprotective activities of the ethyl acetate extract from S. maritima. The phytochemical profile was investigated through the quantification of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and CCD analysis. The toxicity of the extract was performed through cell viability using L929 line cell, and acute toxicity by the OECD Guide 423. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by the methods of reduction of the ferric ion (FRAP), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and the gastroprotective activity by the absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, with analysis of NO, MDA, GSH and MPO levels in the stomach tissues. In the phytochemical profile it was possible to identify the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, mono, and sesquiterpenes. The extract was not cytotoxic against L929 lineage, maintaining cell viability above 70% at the doses tested, and in acute toxicity it did not show physiological changes indicative of toxicity compared to the control group. The extract presented antioxidant activity of 157.3 ± 9.7 mg equivalent of Trolox/g of extract in the FRAP method, and 50.0 ± 1.1 % by TAA. The ethyl acetate extract of S. maritima, at the doses tested, reduced the ulcerative lesion index compared to the injured control group, increased the levels of NO and GSH, and was able to decrease the concentrations of MDA and MPO, enhancing their gastroprotective activity.

scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation and protective effect of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract in paracetamol induced oxidative stress in wister rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Olubukola S. Olorunnisola ◽  
◽  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
Babatunde T. Adesina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Isolated Liver

Aim: Acute toxicity and protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. against Paracetamol induced oxidative stress was investigated. The LD50 of the leaf extract was determined using up and down technique and the effect of 1/10th and 1/20th/ LD50 of the extract on antioxidants enzymes and non-enzymes were assessed in the serum and isolated liver of normal and Paracetamol intoxicated rats. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s t-test was used as the test of significance. Values were considered significant at P value < 0.05. The results obtained indicated that LD50 of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg /body weight. A significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in the level of hepatic (H) TBARs (81.97%), Catalase (38.42%) and serum (S) TBARs (164.44%) and catalase (64.72%) respectively but, a significant (P<0.05) decrease in hepatic activities of SOD, GPX, GR, vitamin C and E in paracetamol treated groups when compared with the serum and normal control group respectively. The extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg/body/weight) and the standard silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restored the derange antioxidants parameters to near normal in dose dependent manners. The activities of the extract at the highest concentration (500 mg/kg/b.wt) compared favourably with the standard drug. The results suggested that the leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. contain bioactive compounds which could protect against toxicity induced oxidative stress. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further investigations in the search for the bioactive principle.

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