scholarly journals In VivoAntiplasmodial and Analgesic Effect of Crude Ethanol Extract ofPiper guineenseLeaf Extract inAlbinoMice

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Kabiru ◽  
G. F. Ibikunle ◽  
D. A. Innalegwu ◽  
B. M. Bola ◽  
F. M. Madaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of crude ethanol extract ofPiper guineensewas investigated in mice. The antiplasmodial and analgesic efficacy of the extract was judged on its ability to reduce parasitemia and writhing, respectively, in mice. The antiplasmodial screening involved treating infected mice with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract while the positive control group was given standard artesunate drug. The analgesic test was carried out by administering 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract to three groups of healthy mice, respectively, after induction of pain with 0.75% acetic acid. The positive control group was given aspirin drug. Parasitemia was reduced by 28.36%, 43.28%, and 62.69% in a dose-dependent pattern in the curative test which was significantly different (P<0.05) from 96.03% of the standard drug. The reduction of writhing by mice given the extract was also dose-dependent (36.29, 45.43, and 59.07%). Aspirin drug was however more effective (86.36%). The extract was safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Result obtained in this study demonstrated the efficacy of ethanol extract ofPiper guineenseas an antiplasmodial and analgesic agent.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF QUERCUS ILEX LEAVES EXTRACT IN ETHANOL INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
RENU MALIK ◽  
K. G. SINGHAL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Quercus ilex leaves extract (QILE) on ethanol-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering ethanol (40%) at a dose of 7.9 gm/kg/day; p. o. (1:1 of ethanol in olive oil) for 28 d. Silymarin 100 mg/kg/day; p. o. was used as a standard drug. The whole study was divided into a prophylactic and curative study. In the prophylactic study, the Silymarin and QILE (test drug) 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg Body Weight(BW) given orally one hour before administration of 40% ethanol administration for 28 d. In the curative study, 7 d of treatment of Silymarin and QILE 200 and 400 mg/kg BW was given orally after 28 d of ethanol administration to different groups. Results: Hepatoprotectivity was confirmed by the highly significantly (p<0.001) restoration of elevated biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, TB, and highly significantly (p<0.001) depleted Albumin and Total protein levels by 200 mg/kg BW QILE in comparison to the positive control group. QILE 200 mg/kg highly significantly (p<0.001) raised the antioxidants by draining the elevated oxidative stress markers in comparison of positive control group. At dose levels QILE 200 mg/kg, significant (p<0.05) protection from loss in body weight and in liver weight was found when the comparison was done with the positive control group. Histopathology revealed that QILE 200 mg/kg reduced the markers of cell necrosis. Conclusion: Present study revealed that Quercus ilex leaves have antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity due to its chemical constituents.

scholarly journals Preventive Effect of Ethanol Extract of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) on Diet-induced Obese Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Ari Yuniarto ◽  
Aisyah Zavira Putri ◽  
Nita Selifiana ◽  
I. Ketut Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Standard Drug

Background: Nowadays obesity recognized as chronic or non-communicable disease. Pathophysiology of obesity caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Obesity was known to be a risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to evaluate activity of ethanol extract of red spinach (EERS) to prevent obesity in diet-induced zebrafish. Materials and Methods: Acclimatization period for zebrafish was carried out for 2 weeks. After the acclimatization, zebrafish were divided into 6 groups (n = 10 in each group) such as normal group (negative control); obese group (positive control); standard drug (orlistat 4,5 µg/ml); EERS group (50 µg/ml); EERS group (100 µg/ml); and EERS group (200 µg/ml). During a period of 4 weeks, normal group received a standard diet and didn’t received EERS administration. Positive control group received Artemia. Treated group received Artemia and were combined by administration of EERS. To determine obesity criteria we calculated of zebrafish BMI. Results: Based on BMI calculation, EERS 50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml showed a preventive effect on obesity compared to the positive control group. In addition, EERS 50 µg/ml was able to reduce BMI lower than the other extract groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that EERS 50 µg/ml has strength preventive effect on diet-induced obese zebrafish. This effect might be influenced by the presence of phytochemical compounds of extract such as flavonoid, saponins, and tannins.

scholarly journals Effect of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza (Piper guineense) Leaf on the Histology of the Liver of Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽  
Ikiriko, Favour Ibiwari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Seed

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aqueous extracts of both Nigella sativa and Piper guineense on the liver enzymes; alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also the effect of Nigella sativa and Piper guineense extracts on the histology of the liver of Wistar rat was also studied. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty five Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were grouped into five groups, each having five animals. They were induced with sucrose and margarine to cause high sugar levels and hyperlipidemia respectively except the positive control group which was fed normal feed. The groups were: the positive control group, the negative control group which were induced without treatment, the uziza leaf group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf, the black seed group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of black seed, and the black seed and uziza group which were induced and were treated with 2ml of aqueous extract of black seed and 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf.  Results: The result showed that the extracts decreased the ALT and AST and ALP activities in the rats in a time dependent manner with highest decrease obtained on the third week of treatment with the extracts.  The ALT activity (U/L) on the third week of treatment showed for the, negative control (64.48 ± 0.22), uziza leaf (28.82 ± 0.12), black seed (32.65 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (16.04 ± 0.02) (p≤0.05). The decrease in activity for AST levels (U/L) on the third week of treatment, showed for the negative control (58.00 ± 0.02), uziza leaf (11.00 ± 0.01), black seed (12.00 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (8.00 ± 0.02). Conclusion: It can be concluded that both uziza leaf and black seed have hepatoprotective effect on the liver.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Assay of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Ethanol Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Harti Widiastuti ◽  
Eka Sulistya
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Bitter melon contains flavonoids that have anti-inflammatory function. Inflammation can be caused by protein denaturation. This research tested the anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol extract of leaves and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and protein denaturation inhibition method. There were three experimental groups formed in this research including negative control group, positive control group, and test solutions. Diclofenac sodium was used in the positive control group at concentration series of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 ppm, obtaining a regression equation Y = 3.546X + 2.163 and r = 0.9990. Whilst, for bitter melon ethanol extract at a series of concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 ppm obtained a regression equation Y = 0.243X + 11.74 and r = 0.9995. The potential of diclofenac sodium as an anti-inflammatory agent was shown by IC50 of 13.490 µg / mL, while the ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit has an IC50 of 157.448 µg / mL. This result indicated that bitter melon ethanol extract had the potential as moderate anti-inflammatory agent.

In vitro evaluation of antisickling activity of herbal combination of three medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
O.O. Amujoyegbe ◽  
M. Idu ◽  
J.M. Agbedahunsi ◽  
G.N. Bazuaye
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
African People ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium ◽  
Cell Disorder

Sickle cell disorder is a genetic ailment with enormous social and economic burden for patients and caregivers. The most promising management apart from being expensive particularly for poor African people, faces some major incompatibility problems. The patients consequently rely on herbal therapy which could be prepared in single or combination forms to manage the painful episodes and its complications. This present study aimed to formulate polyherbal combination and evaluate three purposively selected plants previously reported for their antisickling activities. The polyherbal products were formulated using both aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts into different combinational ratio with the best in 1:1:1 and evaluated for its antisickling activity. The antisickling activity involved both the inhibitory and reversal effects at varying concentrations from 1.0 mg/ml to 6.0 mg/ml using ciklavit as the positive control. The best inhibitory activity was found in ethanol extract of Piper guineense, Gongronema latifolium and Cymbopogon citratus (PGC) with 70.09 ± 0.67% when compared with the positive control (59.25 ± 0.05%) at 4.0 mg/mg while the reversal ability was 67.87 ± 1.23%. The aqueous extracts of the combinations had activity above 50% with the exception of PGC (2:3:1) which is a little less than 50% (46.67 ± 0.98%) while the highest was 60.02 ± 0.87%. The polyherbal ethanol extract had better effects than the aqueous extract and the standard drug used in this study.

scholarly journals Effects of Enoxaparin Emulsion on Dimethylbenzanthracene-induced Breast Cancer in Female Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Bolandpayeh M ◽  
Hassanpour-Ezzati M ◽  
Mousavi Z
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Angiogenic Proteins ◽  
Dose Dependent

Introduction: Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant medication. Anticoagulation inhibits tumor cell-mediated release of angiogenic proteins and diminishes angiogenic response. Angiogenesis is an important event in various cancers such as breast cancer. Angiogenesis provide oxygen and nutrients to tumor cells and causes tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-angiogenesis effect of an enoxaparin cream on breast cancer induced by dimethylbenzanthracene in rats. Methods: In this experimental in vivo study, 50 Wistar female rats were divided into negative control (vehicle), positive control (cream base), and 3 groups with enoxaparin treatment (40, 60, and 80 mg/ml). After one month of treatment along with breast cancer induction by dimethylbenzanthracene, breast tissue samples were isolated and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and tumor growth suppression rate was calculated. Tumor size (length and width) was measured using a clipper, and the tumor volume was calculated using the following formula: V = (L × W × W)/2, where V is tumor volume, W is tumor width, L is tumor length. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: Tumor suppression was significantly increased in enoxaparin treatment groups compared to the positive control group (40 mg/ml of enoxaparin treated versus positive control group; P = 0.017, 60 mg/ml of enoxaparin treated versus positive control; P = 0.015, 40 mg/ml of enoxaparin treated versus positive control; P = 0.009, 60 mg/ml of enoxaparin treated versus 40 mg/ml of enoxaparin treated; P = 0.019, and 80 mg/ml of enoxaparin treated versus 40 mg/ml of enoxaparin treated; P = 0.011 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Enoxaparin inhibits breast cancer in a dose-dependent manner. The application of enoxaparin cream in patients with breast cancer may considerably reduce tumor growth. 

scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation and protective effect of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract in paracetamol induced oxidative stress in wister rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Olubukola S. Olorunnisola ◽  
◽  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
Babatunde T. Adesina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Isolated Liver

Aim: Acute toxicity and protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. against Paracetamol induced oxidative stress was investigated. The LD50 of the leaf extract was determined using up and down technique and the effect of 1/10th and 1/20th/ LD50 of the extract on antioxidants enzymes and non-enzymes were assessed in the serum and isolated liver of normal and Paracetamol intoxicated rats. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s t-test was used as the test of significance. Values were considered significant at P value < 0.05. The results obtained indicated that LD50 of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg /body weight. A significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in the level of hepatic (H) TBARs (81.97%), Catalase (38.42%) and serum (S) TBARs (164.44%) and catalase (64.72%) respectively but, a significant (P<0.05) decrease in hepatic activities of SOD, GPX, GR, vitamin C and E in paracetamol treated groups when compared with the serum and normal control group respectively. The extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg/body/weight) and the standard silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restored the derange antioxidants parameters to near normal in dose dependent manners. The activities of the extract at the highest concentration (500 mg/kg/b.wt) compared favourably with the standard drug. The results suggested that the leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. contain bioactive compounds which could protect against toxicity induced oxidative stress. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further investigations in the search for the bioactive principle.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Petroselinum Crispum Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits Male

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hussain ◽  
Mariam Kadhem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum

The experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Petroselinum crispum leave extracted against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits by studying the body weight, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, gross lesion and histopathological changes. Twenty four rabbits male were used and divided into 4 groups. Group 1: rabbits served as a negative control, received distilled water 1 ml(orally). Group 2: rabbits served as a positive control group, received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day intramuscular for 15 days. Group 3: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg orally for 15 days. Group 4: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg orally for 15 days.The results of the gentamicin treated group( positive control group) showed clinical signs such as loss of body weight, loss of appetite and rough hair with hematuria. The body weight a significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared other groups. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while it recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA. Histological studies showed several kidney pathological changes such as pale colour, enlargement in size and weight and easy from detaching as opposed to negative control group. On the other hand, the group treated with ethanolic extractof Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg induced improved of parameters as recorded significant increased(P ≤ 0.05) in body weight, WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX, while significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA compared with the positive control group whereas rabbits treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg restored the parameters and histological changes of the kidney to near normal status compared with the negative control group. These results showed that the dose-detected Petroselinum crispum extract (250mg / kg) acts as potential curative effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits.

THE ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSE APPLE (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) ON FEMALE WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Atun Qowiyyah ◽  
Setiadi Ihsan ◽  
Hesti Renggana ◽  
Maila Nisa Khoeriyah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Syzygium Jambos ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

<p>Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years and has caused serious health problems. This research was carried out to obtain alternative antiobesity therapy with more minimal side effects. Antiobesity activity of rose apple (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) leaves on female Wistar rats induced by high carbohydrate food for 45 days and subcutaneously injection of MSG 2 g/kgbw. Extraction was carried out using maceration method 96% ethanol. The test parameters observed were body weight, food intake, stool consistency and weight, liver and abdominal fat tissue weight. The results showed that high carbohydrate food and monosodium glutamate could induce obesity. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kgbw body weight had antiobesity activity by inhibiting body weight gain significantly compased to positive control group (p&lt;0.05). The highest antiobesity effect was shown by the ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at a doses of 50 mg/kgbw with % inhibition of body weight gain of 169.3% to positive control group. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves may reduce appetite, but didn’t have laxative effect and couldn’t reduce fat deposits in the liver and abdominal fat tissue.</p>

UJI AKTIVITAS ANALGETIK EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA SEMBUKAN (Paederia foetida L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN ASAM ASETAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
Triswanto Sentat ◽  
◽  
Fitri Handayani ◽  
Ellen Indraswari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Paederia Foetida

Sembukan plants (Paederia foetida L.) are wild vines that are usually used by people as potential medicinal plants for pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the ethanol extract of sembukan’s herbal analgesic activity in male white mice (Mus musculus) and determine the optimal dose of the ethanol extract from sembukan’s herbal (Paederia foetida L.) which has the potential as an analgesic. Sembukan’s herbal is extracted with 70% ethanol solvent and an analgesic activity test is divided into 5 treatment groups namely positive control group (potassium diclofenac), negative control, dose I (80 mg / kg body weight), dose II (160 mg / kg body weight) ) and dose III (320 mg / kg body weight) by oral administration. Thirty minutes after administration, the mice were given an indicator of pain, 0.5% acetic acid. Analgesic power is calculated by counting the amount of stretching of mice for 1 hour. From the results of the study, the ethanol extract of sembukan’s herbal has analgesic activity in male white mice with percent dose analgesic power 35.18%, dose II 53.58% and dose III 68.98%. The optimal dose that has potential as an analgesic in male white mice is dose III with 68.98% analgesic power.

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