scholarly journals A MYCOLOGICAL STUDY OF CLINICAL SAMPLES FROM SUSPECTED MYCOSES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Jitendra Chandra Devrari ◽  
Varsha Saxena ◽  
Vidya Pai
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Superficial Infection ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Urease Test

 Objective: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the fungal agents obtained from clinical samples of suspected mycoses patients attending Yenepoya hospital.Methods: Various clinical samples obtained from patients were subjected to preliminary examination according to standard mycological protocols such as KOH mount, wet mount, Gram’s staining, and Indian ink examination. Causative organisms were identified by macroscopically and microscopically after growth on sabouraud’s dextrose agar (with or without cycloheximide and chloramphenicol) and confirmed by lactophenol cotton blue mount, slide culture technique, urease test, and growth on chrome agar accordingly.Results: Of 274 clinical samples, 125 were culture positive in which the fungal isolates obtained were dermatophytes (all 3 genera), Candida species (including Candida albicans), Fusarium species, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Male predominance was found among the patients being 6:3 male:female ratio.Conclusion: Among the superficial infection, Trichophyton mentagrophytes was found to be predominant isolates; however, in systemic infection, C. albicans was the predominant isolates.

A STUDY ON TINEA CORPORIS INFECTION IN PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, TIRUPATI

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
V. Pavani Sai Mounika ◽  
B. Mahalakshmi ◽  
CH. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
C. Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Male Predominance

Purpose: Tinea corporis (Ringworm) is a form of Dermatophytosis, which is a supercial fungal infection involving the trunk, legs, arms, commonly seen in countries like India. Although it is non-invasive and curable, its widespread nature and recurrence rates impose an economic burden on society in developing countries like India. This study aims at isolating different species causing this infection and studying their clinical patterns. Method: The study included the samples from the outpatients attending the Dermatology department of SVRRGGH, Tirupati, who were suspected of having Tinea corporis based on the clinical details, during the period from August 2018 to August 2019. The scrapings are examined by KOH mount and inoculated on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar and Dermatophyte test medium. The species are identied by colony morphology, Lactophenol cotton blue mount, biochemical reactions and standard procedures. Results: Out of 110 samples, overall positivity on direct microscopy is 78.2% (82), for Culture is 38.2%(42) and positive for both KOH and Culture are 38(34%). Out of 7 species isolated, the commonest isolate is Trichophyton mentagrophytes 19(45%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum 12(28%). Conclusion: Tinea corporis infections are more common in the 16-30 years age group, most of the patients belonging to low socioeconomic status with male predominance. Trichophyton species are commonly isolated from lesions in the waist and lower limbs, while Microsporum species from lesions on lower limbs. T. mentagrophytes was found to be the most common isolate and T. rubrum in case of extensive lesions.

scholarly journals Speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates in various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunayana Mukesh Jangla ◽  
Raji Naidu ◽  
Sofia C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Urease Test

Background: Over the last few years fungal infection rates have increased and a change is seen in their epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility pattern. Hence this study was conducted to learn the distribution of Candida species in various samples and their antifungal susceptibility pattern.Material and Methods: A total of 60Candida isolates were included in the study. Identification was done by colony morphology and Gram stain. Speciation was carried out by Germ-tube test, urease test, chlamydoconidia production test, colony characteristics on chromogenic agar medium, sugar assimilation test,sugar fermentation testand Vitek2 compact(Biomeriux, France) using ID-YST cards. Antifungal testing was done on Vitek2 compact using AST YS01 cards which included fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, caspofungin, micafungin and flucytosine.Results: 60 Candida isolates were included in this study. Samples from which Candida species were isolated were sputum (45%), urine (33.5%), pus (12%), vaginal swab (5%), endotracheal secretion (1.5%), blood (1.5%) and tissue (1.5%). Isolates from males and females were 30% and 70% respectively. Isolates from geriatric age group (>65 years) and adults (18-65 years) were 52% and 48% respectively. Isolates from samples received from IPD, OPD and ICU were 58%, 34% and 8% respectively. Out of all isolates, Candida albicans was 58%, Candida tropicalis 20%, Candida glabrata 10%, Candida parapsilosis 9% and Candida krusei3%. All Candida species (except Candidaglabrata) showed 100% sensitivity to amphotericin b and caspofungin. Sensitivity to azole group of drugs was 100% among NAC except C. glabrata and C. krusei and more than 90% among C. albicans.Conclusion: Candida albicans was the commonest isolate followed by C. tropicalis among the NAC. Overall also, C. Albicans were predominant as compared to Non albicans Candida (NAC) species. All Candidaisolates except (C. glabrata) showed good sensitivity to all antifungals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dermatophytic infections including antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatophytes in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Priyam Basak ◽  
Bandana Mallick ◽  
Swetalona Pattanaik
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urease Test

Background: Dermatophytosis is a commonly encountered superficial fungal infection in the tropical and subtropical countries. The present study was undertaken to study the clinicomycological profile of dermatophytosis and perform antifungal susceptibility testing for the isolated dermatophytes.Methods: This is 2 years cross- sectional observational study including 433 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytoses. Skin, hair and nails were collected, subjected to direct microscopy by Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount and culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Positive growth on culture media was further identified by LPCB mount, slide culture test, growth on Dermatophyte Test Medium, pigment production in corn meal agar with 1% dextrose, urease test and hair perforation test. The isolated dermatophytes were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing by agar based disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 433 samples, fungal filaments were seen in 308 (71.1%) samples by KOH mount, 259 (59.8%) dermatophytes were isolated from culture. Males (60.5%) were more commonly affected than females (39.5%). Most common age group affected was 21-30 years. Trichophyton mentagrophytes (57.5%) was the most common isolate followed by Trichophyton rubrum (30.1%). Tinea corporis was the most common clinical presentation (52.7%) followed by Tinea unguium (14.1%). Antifungal susceptibility testing showed itraconazole as the most sensitive antifungal agent, while fluconazole was least sensitive.Conclusions: This study provides a scope for assessment of prevalence and clinicomycological profile, which could help in estimation of the problem and hence prevent spread of dermatophytoses with adequate control measures.

Frequency and antibiogram of Acinetobacter species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Tanu Arora ◽  
◽  
Shailpreet K Sidhu ◽  
Pushpa Devi ◽  
Sita Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Species

scholarly journals Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative isolates from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryatara Shilpakar ◽  
Mehraj Ansari ◽  
Kul Raj Rai ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Shiba Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background The existence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), is on rise across the globe and is becoming a severe problem. Knowledge of the prevalence and antibiogram profile of such isolates is essential to develop an appropriate treatment methodology. This study aimed to study the prevalence of Gram-negative isolates exhibiting ESBL at a tertiary care hospital and study their antibiogram profile. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal, from June 2018 to November 2018. A total of 770 clinical samples were collected and identified using the conventional biochemical tests following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the standardized Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The screening test for ESBL producers was performed as recommended by the CLSI and the confirmatory test was performed phenotypically using the E-test. Results Out of the 92 isolates, 84 (91.3%) were multidrug-resistant, and 47 (51.1%) were found to be potential ESBL producers. Of these, 16 isolates were confirmed ESBL producers by the E-test. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant isolates and were also the major ESBL producers. Besides polymyxin B (100% sensitive), meropenem and imipenem showed high efficacy against the ESBL producers. Conclusion Multidrug resistance was very high; however, ESBL production was low. Polymyxin B and carbapenems are the choice of drugs against ESBL producers but should be used only as the last line drugs.

Assessing the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis with CT Severity Index and Other Conventional Methods in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tamil Nadu, India – A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (41) ◽  
pp. 3541-3546
Author(s):  
Jayaprakash Subramani ◽  
Rajesh Prabhu ◽  
Jagadeesapandian Palpandi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Male Predominance

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is not uncommon in surgical practice with variable clinical presentation. Because of its potential notable catastrophic complications, it is mandatory to assess the severity at the earliest. In recent times, the decision making in the management is quite difficult due to its complications and outcome. So, an objective assessment of severity based on clinical and laboratory scoring verses computed tomography (CT) severity is still debate, hence the need for study. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of CT severity index verses APACHE II and Ranson criteria in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. METHODS A total number of 36 consecutive cases of acute pancreatitis who were admitted between January 2013 and December 2014 in Apollo Specialty Hospitals – Madurai were included in the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. RESULTS In our study, out of 36 patients, 30 (83.33 %) were males and 6 (16.66 %) were females. The sex distribution shows a clear male predominance. Most of the patients in the present study belonged to the middle age group. Alcohol was the most common cause accounting for 41.7 % of the cases followed by the billiary pathology. CT severity index was the superior tool for prediction of the prognosis and early complications. CONCLUSIONS When using contrast enhanced computed tomography, it was found that there was a significant correlation between the development of organ failure and severity of pancreatitis. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of Ranson and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation – II (APACHE II) at 48 hours of admission with acute pancreatitis does not correlate in determining the severity of acute pancreatitis. KEYWORDS Acute Pancreatitis, Severity Markers, CT Severity Index

scholarly journals Therapeutic efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate with clarithromycin for seven days in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Brazilian peptic ulcer patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Natan Eisig ◽  
Fernando Marcuz Silva ◽  
Cláudio Hashimoto ◽  
Ethel Zimberg Chehter ◽  
Antonio Atilio Laudanna
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Therapeutic Regimen ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bismuth Citrate ◽  
Urease Test

CONTEXT: The curative treatment of peptic ulcer is made available nowadays through the eradication of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is associated with it, but the best therapeutic regimen is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a therapeutic regimen with 400 mg ranitidine bismuth citrate associated with 500 mg clarithromycin given twice a day for seven days in a cohort of Brazilian patients with peptic ulcer. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary-care hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred and twenty nine outpatients, with active or healed peptic ulcers infected by Helicobacter pylori, diagnosed via endoscopy with confirmation via the urease test and histological examination, who had never undergone a regimen for the eradication of the bacterium. PROCEDURE: Administration of 400 mg ranitidine-bismuth and 500 mg clarithromycin twice a day, for seven days. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy of the treatment, with a check on the cure done via another endoscopy eight weeks after drug administration. The eradication of the bacterium was determined via the urease test and histological examination. Patients who were negative for both were considered to be cured. RESULTS: Eight patients failed to complete the study. The eradication rate according to intention to treat was 81% (104/129) and per protocol was 86% (104/121). CONCLUSION: The bismuth ranitidine compound associated with clarithromycin used for one week was shown to be a simple, effective and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Non-Albicans Candida Among the Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Pratikshya Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Test Characteristic ◽  
India Ink

The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-albicans Candida among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Candida spp. isolated from different clinical samples (sputum, urine, vaginal swab, blood, endotracheal (ET) secretion, pus) from 250 patients between the period of February 2013 and December 2015 were included in the study. Of those 250 patients, 20% were immunocompromised. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used for the isolation of Candida spp. and the identification was performed on the basis of colony morphology, Gram’s stain, India ink preparation, germ tube test, temperature tolerance test, characteristic color change in CHROMagar, chlamydospore production, sugar fermentation test and sugar assimilation test.Out of total 300 Candida spp., majority were isolated from sputum (43.33%) followed by urine (40%) and vaginal swab (6.67%). Of total 151 (50.33%) non-albicans Candida, the most common species isolated were C. tropicalis (62.25%) followed by C. glabrata (23.84%). High prevalence of non-albicans Candida among the patients attending a hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal was noted.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Nosocomial Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (175) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidya Shrestha ◽  
B M Pokhrel ◽  
T M Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Test Method ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the most common cause ofnosocomial infection has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. They arenormally resistant to most of the antibiotics used in clinical practice. This study has been carried outto fi nd out the resistance pattern among S. aureus.Methods: During November 2007 to June 2008, clinical samples from patients with nosocomialinfection were processed for culture and sensitivity following standard methodology in microbiologylaboratory, Tribhuvan University teaching hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.Results: Among 149 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, highest resistance was observed against Penicillin(91.94%) followed by Fluoroquinolone (61.74%), Erythromycin (52.94%), Gentamicin (46.98%),Cotrimoxazole (42.95%), Tetracycline (40.94%) and others, whereas susceptibility was observedmaximum against Chloramphenicol (94.85%) followed by Rifampicin (92.61%), Tetracycline(59.06%), Cotrimoxazole (57.04%), and others. None of the isolates were resistant to Vancomycinand Teicoplanin. Of these isolates 44.96 % of the isolates were Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Resistance to Penicillin, Fluoroquinolone, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Co-trimoxazole and Tetracyclinewere associated signifi cantly with MRSA isolates (X2= 8.779, p<0.05, X2= 74.233, p<0.05, X2= 84.2842,p<0.05, X2= 108.2032, p<0.05, X2= 88.1512, p<0.05 and X2= 79.1876, p<0.05 respectively). Althoughmost of the Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were susceptible to both Rifampicinand Chloramphenicol, only Rifampicin susceptibility was signifi cantly associated with them (X2=10.1299, p<0.05). Among three Biochemical tests for the detection of β lactamase detection namelychromogenic, iodometric and acidimetric test, chromogenic test method had highest sensitivity andspecifi city.Conclusions: Since MRSA comprised a greater part of S. aureus isolates and were multi-resistant,patients infected by such strains should be identifi ed and kept in isolation for hospital infectioncontrol and treated with second line of drug like vancomycin.Key Words: β lactamase, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus,methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, resistance pattern

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