scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NON-ADHERENCE TO ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS AMONG TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
SUMAN LATA ◽  
VIJAY KHAJURIA ◽  
VINEETA SAWHNEY ◽  
KAMLESH KUMARI
Keyword(s):  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Adherence Scale ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
A Prospective Study

Objective: The objective of present study was to examine the non-adherence among tuberculosis patients to antitubercular drugs and the factors associated with non-adherence. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in department of pharmacology Government Medical College, Kathua in collaboration with the district tuberculosis centre, Kathua for a period of four months. TB Patients on treatment for last 8 w were included in the study. The pre validated questionnaire was provided to patients and their responses were analysed. Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4) was used to assess adherence/non-adherence to antitubercular drugs. Results: Total 72 patients were included in trial and out of which 60(83.33%) were males and12 (16.66%) were females and the maximum were between 40-50y (38%) of age, mostly illiterate (50%) and from lower socioeconomic status (38%). Out of 60 male patients, 48(80%) showed adherence to anti-tuberculosis drugs, while remaining 12(20%) were non-adherent. Whereas 10females (83%) were adherent and 2 (16.66%) were non-adherent. Forgetfulness (42%), followed by illiteracy (21.4%) and longer distance from health institute (14%) were main reasons for non-adherence. Conclusion: Present study has shown non-adherence is maximum among males, illiterate, low socioeconomic group, longer distance from the health institution.

scholarly journals Spectrum of otorhinolaryngologic ailments in the North Indian state of Punjab: a seven year retrospective study of peripheral health camps

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1946
Author(s):  
Manish Munjal ◽  
Porshia Rishi ◽  
Nitika Tuli ◽  
Harjinder Singh ◽  
Shivam Talwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
The North ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Gender Profile ◽  
And Gender

Background: Community otorhinolaryngology services have a role to play in the early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of the individuals with low socioeconomic status.Methods: A retrospective study of 52 ear, nose, throat and head neck, peripheral camps held during a 7-year period, i.e. 2012-2019 was undertaken. The camps were organised by Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. The epidemiological and gender profile of the patients with otorhinolaryngologic complaints was studied and statistically analysed.Results: A total of 52 camps were organized over a period of 7 years (2012 to 2019). Maximum number of camps were organized in Malwa belt (49) with 65% being organized in Ludhiana city followed by Barnala and Sangrur. Maximum number of camps were organized at the religious places (44%) followed by non-governmental organizations (33%) and schools (23%). Male patients (55.7%) outnumbered the female at the camps. Out of 576 patients with nasal complaints 56.7% were male while 43.3% were female. Out of 538 patients with throat complaints 56.8% were male while 43.2% were female.Conclusions: Maximum camps were held in the Malwa belt of Punjab. Otological ailments are of concern for the public. Relief and awareness from the camps of previous years brought about more attendance and request to hold more camps.

scholarly journals Refractive Error Profile in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
S Taludhar ◽  
S Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism

INTRODUCTION: Refractive error is one of the causes of avoidable blindness. Myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism are the common types of refractive error. Not many studies are done to detect pattern of refractive error in Western Nepal. So, the study will determine the prevalence and distribution of refractive errors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of all consecutive patients of age less than 40 years who visited eye department, Gandaki Medical College, between May 2010 and May 2011 was conducted. Visual acuity, naked eye and pin hole examination was done by ophthalmic assistant with cycloplegic refraction when needed. Those who did not turn up for refraction were excluded from the study. RESULTS: A total of 601 patients were seen within the study period. Mean age of male patients was 22.4 years }0.6 (95% CI, 21.2-23.6 years) and mean age of female patients was 24.2 years }0.5 (95% CI, 23.2-25.2 years). Majority of the patients were in age group 11-20 years (39.3%). Myopia was the most common refractive error (43.3%) followed by simple myopic astigmatism (23.8%). Refractive errors were more common in females. CONCLUSIONS: Myopia was the commonest refractive compared to hypermetropia. Refractive error was more common in females than in males. Such studies help to know the picture of refractive errors in community and such reports are helpful in planning programme to prevent avoidable blindness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8324 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):59-63

scholarly journals Renal stone disease: reasons for non-acceptance of surgical treatment among population of Western Rajasthan, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Rama Kishan Saran ◽  
Ravindra Purohit ◽  
Pradeep K. Sharma ◽  
M. K. Chhabra ◽  
Gordhan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Renal Stone ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Renal stone is a common disease in Western Rajasthan. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of patient with renal disease for opting alternative methods for treatment instead of surgical approach.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Dr. SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan between August 2018 and July 2019. Patients with diagnosis of complicated renal stone disease including infected hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis, and calyceal rupture were enrolled in this study. Along with demographic characteristics patients were asked to enumerate causes for delay in seeking surgical intervention in sequential order and the reasons given by each patient were recorded separately.Results: A total of 80 patients with complicated renal stone disease were included in the study. Majority of the patients (77.50%) were men. Out of 80 patients, 32 patients were illiterate and 28 patients had primary level of education. Sixty-two patients reported only single reason for their negligence. Eleven and three patients reported two and three reasons, respectively. However, four patients could not provide any reason. The major cause reported by the patients (57.5%) for neglecting their disease was dependence and trust on alternative methods including ayurvedic medicines, homeopathic medicines, bhopas, and superstition.Conclusions: The majority of patients were belonged to lower socioeconomic class reported that dependence and trust on alternative methods including ayurvedic and homeopathic medicines are the major cause of neglecting their disease.

scholarly journals A prospective study of post-operative surgical site infections after abdominal surgeries

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3088
Author(s):  
Sanjay Jain ◽  
Rahul Shivhare ◽  
Shoranki Pardhan ◽  
Deepti Chaurasiya
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Contaminated Wound ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Surgical site infections have plagued surgeons since time immemorial. There is significant morbidity and mortality associated with surgical site infections. In this study we tried to identify the incidence, various patient and procedure related factors, which could have led to SSIs, the various organism associated with the SSIs and their pattern of sensitivity and resistance to various antibiotics.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of general surgery, Gandhi medical college and Hamidia hospital Bhopal. In this prospective study, we included all patients more than 12 years of age undergoing abdominal surgeries between 2018-2020. Patient data was recorded in a case recording form and all patients were examined post-operatively for soakage along with culture and antibiotic testing.Results: A total of 299 patients were included. Overall incidence of SSI was 23.07%, elective surgeries showed 19.5% incidence and elective showed 26.08% incidence. Higher incidence of SSI was found in, male patients (25.9%), contaminated and dirty surgeries, higher ASA scores, smokers, alcoholics diabetics, anaemics, and malnourished patients. E. coli and klebsiella were the most common organisms isolated in both elective and emergency setting. Organisms isolated were highly sensitive to colistin, meropenem, imipenem, gentamicin and amikacin. Amoxycillin, ceftriaxone, doxycycline were fairly resistant in the current study.Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors like smoking, alcoholism, anaemia, malnourishment, contaminated wound class and emergency surgeries should be addressed systematically along with judicious use of antibiotics and tailoring then according to culture profile whenever possible is needed to reduce SSI rate.

scholarly journals Clinical profile and surgical management of primary vaginal hydrocele: our experience in a rural India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Mohd Hamid Shafique Ahmed ◽  
Bankar S. S. ◽  
Gosavi V. S. ◽  
Dalavi S. B. ◽  
Gurav P. D.
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Age Range

Background: Hydrocele is one of the commonest diseases occurring worldwide. Since olden days surgical procedures have been described for the treatment of hydrocele. Aim of the study was to analyse the clinical profile, diagnosis and surgical management of primary vaginal hydrocele in adults (>12 years)Methods: A prospective study of 60 male patients of age range of more than 12 years with a history of scrotal swellings were studied for their clinical profiles, diagnosis and management. The study was carried out in Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, India from November 2010 to November 2012. In the present study Jaboulay's Procedure was performed on 48 patients and Lord's Procedure was performed on 12 patients.Results: The data was collected and results were analysed. Post-operatively about 1.6% of patients developed hematoma, 5% developed wound infection, 21.66% of the patients developed skin oedema and only 1 patient i.e 1.6 % had recurrence over a period of 2 years of follow up. Out of the total 60 patients,12 patients who underwent Lord's plication 8.33%,0%,0% developed skin oedema, hematoma and wound infection respectively as compared to 25%,2.08%,6.25% in the remaining 48 patients who underwent Jaboulay's procedure, respectively.Conclusions: These two surgical procedures were very safe, easy to perform and economical and associated with minimal recurrence. Lord's procedure has lesser incidence of post-operative complications as compared to Jaboulay's procedure.

Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Ethical Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 447-458
Author(s):  
Diego S. Silva ◽  
Michael Selgelid
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Although tuberculosis (TB) affects people worldwide, particularly those of lower socioeconomic status, the vast majority of the burden is felt in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In turn, the ethical challenges posed by TB care and control are especially salient in LMICs faced with acute and chronic resource constraints. For some of these challenges, there is broad agreement about what ought to be done. TB prevention among close contacts of contagious patients, for example, is essential. Other challenges, however, are either new or refractory and require greater consideration. This chapter discusses three such key ethical challenges posed by TB care and control, particularly within the context of LMICs: isolation and involuntary isolation, third-party notification, and the introduction of new antitubercular drugs.

scholarly journals Dhat Syndrome—Revisiting the Phenomenology and Related Psychiatric Comorbidities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Akshay Singh ◽  
Murugan Selvaraj Karthik ◽  
Sushma Viswanathan ◽  
and Ramanathan Sathianathan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Pro Forma

Background: Dhat syndrome is a culture-bound syndrome found in men from India (and other South Asian countries), leading to a number of psychiatric problems. Aim: The study is aimed at studying the sociodemographic correlates of patients with Dhat syndrome and the occurrence of comorbid neurotic, stress-related, and somatic symptoms. It also aims to study the severity of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Chennai). Materials and Methods: Fifty patients were recruited from consecutive outpatients attending the psychiatry department and assessment was carried out using a semi-structured pro forma, Dhat Syndrome Questionnaire, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Statistical Analysis: The data collected here was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Most patients were found to be in the second decade of life and hailed from urban areas and lower socioeconomic status. Media and peer group were the source of information for three-fourths of the patients. A majority of the patients reported with somatic symptoms. Mild to moderate anxiety and depression scores were most commonly observed. Conclusion: The current study has illustrated that Dhat syndrome is associated with a lot of misinformation and leads to mild–moderate depression and anxiety symptoms, making its awareness and treatment extremely important.

scholarly journals Trends of Suicidal Death at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Habibuzzaman Choudhury ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Gisan Hossain ◽  
Nasid Tabassum ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Suicidal Death

Background: Suicide is one of the forms of criminal offence in Bangladesh and it is also prevailing in other countries of the world. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the trends of suicidal death at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted on suicidal death in the Department of Forensic Medicine at Dinajpur Medical College, Dinajpur. Result: A total number of 20 cases were examined from June 2004 to June 2006 for 2 years. All the cases were referred from 13 different police stations and one railway station of Dinajpur district. Among them the highest numbers of cases were brought by Kotowally police station and the lowest from Hakimpur police station. But among the 20 cases 70% were female Muslims. Conclusion: The highest frequency of offence is found in lower socioeconomic status. The most common age group is from 20-35 years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16202 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):28-30

How Socioeconomic Status Influences Fathers’ Involvement with their Children and the Cycle it Produces

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Emily Fofonoff
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Middle Socioeconomic Status

The intent of this paper is to examine the current evidence that fathers of lower socioeconomic status are less involved with their children in areas such as childrearing, homework help, and supporting the family emotionally and financially. Other areas covered in this paper include the possible reasons and theories as to why low socioeconomic status tends to lead to low father involvement. The effects of low father involvement on the children is also discussed, and this concept is furthered in order to explain the cycle of socioeconomic status that these effects create. Possible solutions are derived using the current theories, the intent of which are to help solve this problematic cycle. This paper also includes extensions beyond the scope of low and middle socioeconomic status fathers to include high socioeconomic status fathers.

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